First, the ecological habits of fly maggots

In order to successfully raise fly maggots, we must first understand their ecological habits, and then raise them.

In biology, flies belong to "completely abnormal insects", and they have to go through four stages in their life: egg, larva (fly maggot), pupa (fly species) and adult (fly).

The egg duration is 1 day, the maggot duration is 4-6 days, and the pupa duration is 3-4 days. After 4 days of emergence, the flies are sexually mature and begin to mate and lay eggs. The life span of flies is at most 1 month. In actual production, each batch of flies should be eliminated in time after 20~25 days. Under the condition of artificial propagation, flies can reproduce all year round as long as the temperature is suitable.

Generally speaking, our common flies are mostly red-headed flies and houseflies, but in contrast, houseflies have stronger adaptability and miscellaneous feeding habits, so we choose to raise houseflies here. If you are breeding maggots for the first time, I suggest you go to a special maggot farm to buy flies. After a period of feeding, flies can cultivate themselves.

Below, we will introduce how to raise fly maggots in detail. First, let's take a look at the construction of aquaculture facilities.

II. Construction of aquaculture facilities

1, construction of fly breeding house

The fly house is dedicated to cultivating insects, that is, flies. Generally, 20~40 square meters is enough. You can use old houses to rebuild and save costs.

Screen doors and screens should be installed in the house to prevent flies from escaping.

If breeding is carried out in winter, heating equipment is needed, preferably a heater, and air conditioning can be installed if conditions permit. The indoor air is required to be fresh, and the daily light is more than 10 hour.

Most flies are kept in cages. Cage culture not only occupies a small area, but also does not pollute the environment. We can set up a feeding rack in the fly breeding room. The feeding rack is made of wood and can be divided into two layers. A flying cage made of nylon gauze is placed on each feeding rack and fixed on the rack like a mosquito net. The cage is 100 cm long, 40 cm wide and 80 cm high. Breeding flies are kept in cages; At the same time, a working opening with a diameter of 30 cm is left in the middle and lower part of the fly cage, and the working opening should be made of a cylindrical tube made of white cloth, so as to feed, feed water and take and put the spawning ground.

In addition, a piece of nylon gauze can be hung in the middle of the cage to increase the habitat area of adult flies. The bottom of the cage is supported on a small flat board.

In addition, each fly cage should be equipped with a feed tray (plastic tray, with a diameter of x 15-20cm), a drinking tray (25cm x 15cm x 6cm), an eclosion tray (40cm x 30cm x 8cm) and an egg receiving tray (40cm x 30cm x 8cm) for laying eggs.

2. The construction of fly maggot breeding room

The householders of maggots are mainly used to breed maggots and preserve seeds. The room temperature should be 20~28℃ and the humidity should be 65%~70%. Other indoor breeding facilities should be determined according to the adopted breeding methods, such as multi-layer breeding racks, maggot breeding pots, heating equipment, etc. Generally, these facilities are placed on both sides with a pedestrian walkway in the middle, which not only makes full use of space, but also facilitates operation and management.

3. Construction of greenhouse for maggot breeding

The maggot breeding shed is specially used to cultivate maggots for protein feed. Can be built into a simple shed, as long as it can be wind-proof and waterproof.

The maggot pond can be designed as such a long strip pond or a small rectangular pond.

If it is a long pool, the length is not limited, and the width is about1.2m.. The two long sides have a certain slope of 45 degrees. At the same time, there are 1 1-20 cm grooves on the two long sides, and the height of the grooves is about 8- 10 cm. This is for the convenience of collecting fly maggots in the future.

If it is a rectangular small pool, the area is generally 3-4 square meters. There are inclined planes and grooves on all sides. The setting requirements of slope and groove can refer to the operation of long pool. The only difference is that a maggot collecting bucket can be buried in the corner of this pond, and the edge of the bucket is slightly higher than the bottom of the pond, which is also for the convenience of collecting maggots.

After the breeding facilities are built, the maggots can be bred next.

Third, the cultivation of fly maggots.

The specific operation steps of cultivating fly maggots can be divided into the following aspects (chart): pupa hatching → feeding flies → collecting egg pieces → centralized hatching → feeding in separate plates (partially reserving seeds) → separating fly maggots → feeding fly maggots → using fresh maggots → repeating cycle production.

1, the reproduction of flies

Put the bought flies in the eclosion tray, basically 10,000 flies is about 150g. Usually, a feathering tray with a length of 40 cm, a width of 30 cm and a height of 8 cm can hold up to 750 grams of flies.

2. Pupa hatching

Put the feather tray into the fly cage and tie the working opening tightly. As long as the proper temperature and humidity are ensured, the fly species can emerge into flies after 3-4 days. Generally, the most suitable temperature for flies is 25℃-30℃, and the relative humidity of air is 50%-80%. If the temperature is low in winter, it is necessary to turn on the heating to raise the temperature, and if possible, turn on the air conditioner. If the temperature is around 36 degrees, it can feather into a fly in two days.

Breeding flies When flies are found, feed trays and water basins should be placed. Flies, like other animals, need enough protein, sugar and water to sustain life and reproduce. In the case of artificial feeding, we use 50% milk powder and 50% sugar, and we can exchange some expired candy bars for sugar, which can also save costs.

Put sugar and milk powder into two feed trays respectively; Put a sponge with the same size and thickness of 2 cm in the basin, and then add water with the same plane as the sponge, so as to prevent flies from falling into the water and drowning when drinking water.

In addition, in order to promote the development of flies and their mating and spawning, water, sugar and milk powder should be added in time to ensure sufficient nutrition of flies. At the same time, in order to increase the amount of eggs laid, feed one-third of raw eggs per cage every day for three consecutive days to achieve the best results. When feeding eggs, it is best to spread a layer of gauze on the surface of the eggs in the feed tray to prevent flies from sticking to them when eating.

During this period, it is necessary to ensure not only the temperature and humidity, but also proper illumination, because proper illumination can stimulate adult flies to feed and lay eggs. Generally, the daily illumination of adult flies should be 10- 1 1 hour. Natural lighting can be used in sunny days, and fluorescent or incandescent lamps should be used in rainy days and when the light is dim. Turn off the lights at night and let them have a rest. The fly breeding room should be ventilated frequently to keep the indoor air fresh.

On the fourth day after emergence, adults can see flies mating and lay eggs on the fifth day. Therefore, usually on the fourth day, it is necessary to put the egg catcher into the flying cage in time. The egg trap is a solid feed used to lure flies to lay eggs. This feed is comprehensive in nutrition, can meet the nutritional needs of flies, and has a strong attraction to flies. Usually, we choose wheat bran as an egg receiver. However, before using wheat bran, it should be humidified first, as long as water is added to the wheat bran to make it drip and loosen. Spread a layer of prepared wheat bran in the egg receiving basin, with a thickness of about 1 cm and slightly thicker corners, about 2-3 cm. Put the eggs in the fly cage. After mating, flies naturally lay eggs on wheat bran. Flies' eggs are white, and milk powder is also white, so after starting to collect eggs, just add sugar to the feed plate without milk powder to prevent flies from laying eggs on milk powder and delaying the collection of eggs.

Most kinds of flies lay eggs around 8 am and 3 pm, so eggs should be collected at noon 12 and 4 pm every day. When taking out the egg tray from the fly cage, it is necessary to put in a new egg tray again, so that flies can lay eggs in the egg tray in time. We can see the white egg pieces produced by flies around the egg tray. The egg is oval and about 65438 0 mm long. At this time, we should take the egg tray to the maggot room for culture in time. At the same time, it is necessary to quickly cover the surface with some wet wheat bran, which can not only prevent the flies stranded in the dish from escaping, but also prevent the exposed egg pieces from drying out because the fly eggs like wet environment.

Flies will die naturally in about a month and can be discarded.

3. Cultivation of maggots

When the fly eggs are taken to the maggot cultivation room for cultivation, as long as the appropriate temperature and humidity are ensured, fat maggots can be cultivated.

The development time of centralized incubation period is 12-24 hours, and the specific incubation period will be shortened with the increase of temperature: (Chart) When the temperature is 20℃-22℃, the incubation time of fly eggs is 24 hours; At 25℃, the incubation time is 16- 18 hours; At 28℃, it takes 14 hours; At 35℃, it only takes 8- 10 hour. When the temperature is reached, the optimum humidity for hatching eggs is 75%-80%.

In actual production, we usually keep the temperature at 20℃-22℃. After 24 hours, the eggs become very small larvae with high density. At this time, if it is used to store seeds, it is necessary to divide the plates in time in order to prevent the density of fly maggots from being too high and becoming thinner due to insufficient nutrition. If you don't keep the seeds, you don't have to divide them. Now, let's see how maggots for seed preservation are cultivated.

Generally speaking, the number of flies in each cage is about 50 thousand, so we can divide the eggs laid by flies in each cage into three parts. This practice is also called "separation". The purpose is to make the larvae grow into fly maggots, so that their development will not be affected by high density.

The specific operation method is as follows: take three feeding pots, put wet wheat bran with a thickness of about 3 cm in each pot (subtitle-wheat bran is also mixed with water), and then put one third of the larvae into the egg receiving tray and the wheat bran in each feeding pot respectively.

As the larvae grow up, they will be divided for the second time after 24 hours. The method of dividing plates is the same as the first time, and each plate is divided into three parts. During the feeding process, it is necessary to check whether the wheat bran in the culture basin is eaten up by maggots every 24 hours. If deficiency is found, wheat bran should be supplemented in time to prevent nutritional deficiency. Generally, after four days of feeding, maggots are basically mature, transparent or yellowish, no longer eat feed, and their mobility is weakened. At this time, the maggots should be separated from the wheat bran.

The maggots are separated under the daily light, and the maggots in the feeding basin are poured into the separation box together with the wheat bran. The maggot itself is afraid of light, so it keeps drilling in and automatically discharges the waste residue to the periphery through the peristalsis of the maggot. We only need to scrape the wheat bran off the surface layer by layer with wooden boards, and the mature maggots can be separated from the wheat bran. Collect the separated maggots into a feeding tray. Here, in order to absorb and dry the water on the maggots and prevent them from escaping, a small amount of dry wheat bran should be added to the feeding tray and stirred evenly until each maggot becomes granular. So that maggots can pupate as soon as possible.

The separated maggots can be used as seeds or eaten. Maggots used for seed storage will become pupae after 1-2 days at the temperature of 20℃-30℃ as long as they are put on a culture rack. You see, these pupae are the flies you cultivated. With these flies, you can recycle production.

After the maggots are separated, the residue is still rich in nutrients, and we can reuse it, for example, as feed for pigs. When in use, these waste residues can be mixed with pig feed first, then fed, or directly fed.

When the eggs grow into larvae, if they are not used as seed storage, they can be directly taken to a plastic shed to cultivate maggots, and the cultivated maggots can be used as good protein feed for poultry or aquatic products.

Before throwing larvae, first put the culture medium into the maggot pond, and the most suitable culture medium is pig manure or chicken manure. Subtitle-Require the selected culture medium not to drip. Pour the manure into the pool, and then pile it flat with a shovel until it is piled into a strip with a thickness of 10-20 cm and a width of about 50 cm. Then pour the cultured larvae on manure, and basically two fly cages per square meter can pour the larvae hatched by flies. Young larvae increase nutrition by absorbing feces from maggot ponds. After about 24 hours, if most of the nutrients in the manure are absorbed by maggots, it should be replenished in time, just pile some manure on it.

About four days later, the maggots are mature, the feces are loose and the nutrients have been completely absorbed by the maggots. Mature maggots like to climb high, so most of them will climb into grooves or maggot collection barrels. You just need to collect them.

Fresh maggots are rich in protein. We can feed them as high-protein feed to pheasants, ducks, or fish and eels to improve the disease resistance of animals and aquatic products. The residue left after cultivating fly maggots can also be used as organic fertilizer to grow food and vegetables.

Fourth, daily management.

In the process of feeding, we should pay attention to daily management. Do a good job of adding fly feed, releasing eggs and changing water in time every day.

At the same time, it is necessary to record the incubation time of eggs in time so as to receive eggs in time. After leaving their posts, the staff should clean the ground sanitation of the fly room and maggot room. Food plates for flies should be cleaned once every two days, including sponges. Sponges need to be replaced every month.

In addition, housefly is an important healthy pest. In all aspects of feeding management, it is necessary to control the feeding work to prevent the feeding population from entering the natural environment.

With the development of livestock and poultry and aquaculture, the demand for protein feed is increasing. Breeding fly maggots is the first choice to produce animal protein feed because of its short cycle, high yield and low cost. A livestock and poultry farm with a maggot farm is equivalent to building another insect protein feed production plant. Feed maggots with feces discharged from livestock and poultry, so as to obtain high-protein feed, turn waste into treasure and turn harm into benefit. The feces of maggots can be used as high-quality organic fertilizer for crops to grow food and vegetables. This special transformation function is beyond the reach of other feed insects. Therefore, the breeding prospect of fly maggots is broad, which is worth popularizing and applying.