(1) vegetative growth period ① germination period: it takes 5-7 days from seed germination to the first pair of true leaves. ② Seedling stage: 5-8 rosette leaves spread from the first true leaf to radish, and it takes15-20 days to root-cut. ③ vigorous growth period of leaves: also known as rosette stage and early stage of fleshy root expansion, it takes 20 ~ 30 days from the fleshy root "breaking belly" to "exposing shoulders". "Off-shoulder" means that the root head begins to swell, widen and thicken. (4) Growth period of fleshy roots: from "bare shoulders" to harvesting fleshy roots, it takes 40-45 days for large and medium-sized radishes and 15-20 days for small radishes. The vegetative growth period of four-season radish is short, and it directly enters the fleshy root growth period after the belly is broken. ⑤ Storage period: After the radish is harvested in autumn and winter, the climate turns cold and enters the forced dormancy period.

(2) During the reproductive growth period, radish is vernalized at low temperature in winter, which can be divided into four periods from plant colonization to seed maturity. ① Greening period: 15 ~ 20 days from planting to bolting. ② bolting period: generally, it takes 10 ~ 15 days from bolting to flowering. ③ Flowering period: Generally, it takes 20-25 days from the beginning of flowering to the basic flowering of plants. ④ Pod setting period: generally, it takes 25-30 days from the final flowering period to the growth of fruit pods and seed maturity.