The first is a thought-provoking phenomenon reflected in history and reality.
"Xue Ji" said: "A teacher is also a teacher, so learning is king." It means: a teacher is a person who can learn the art of governing the country from him, and he can make people succeed in the business of emperors. However, not everyone respects teachers. Emperors of past dynasties, except for a few emperors such as Emperor Han Ming and Emperor Wu of Zhou, were mostly self-centered because of the change of their status, and this kind of "virtue" no longer exists. Some even respect the enemy first, and Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, is one of the typical examples.
Although Zhu Yuanzhang started from the grass, he knew the mystery of conquering the world and serving as a civil servant by relying on military commanders. Therefore, as early as when he went to the battlefield, he actively recruited talents and recruited scholars. Song Lian is one of the best. For a long time, the relationship between them was very close. Zhu Yuanzhang not only praised Song Lian's "universal poetry book", but also praised his extraordinary talent in discussing Taoism and classics. After Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, Song Lian, who was highly valued by him, became the teacher of his son Zhu Biao and tutored the Prince for more than ten years. However, in the winter of the 13th year of Hongwu (A.D. 1380), after Prime Minister Hu and Song Lian's eldest grandson were beaten into a Hu party, Song Lian, who had retired to the second line and closed the door, was also punished by Zhu Yuanzhang innocently. Although he was saved by Ma Huanghou and saved from beheading, he was sent to Maozhou (now Maoxian County, Sichuan Province) and died in exile at the age of 7/kloc-0. ...
Today, when teachers become famous, even super-class teachers will be respected in a very limited breadth and depth. If you don't name them after teachers, such as singers, movie stars, famous cross talk and storytelling actors, the breadth and depth are far less than those of famous teachers. If their speech, singing and performance are art, then teaching is art, that's all. If a teacher is famous for his special skills, his "teacher" will be thrown into another book. Because in people's subconscious, that "home" is always more brilliant and glorious than "teacher" anyway. Take Shanghai Lida Middle School after War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory as an example. At that time, Zhu Guangqian, Feng Zikai, Xia Gaizun, Mao Dun, Zheng Zhenduo, Ye Shengtao and Zhu Ziqing were all famous teachers in this school. Because they are both cultural celebrities, most of them are regarded as writers, critics, artists rather than teachers. Only Yu Guanying, a famous scholar, will never forget what he did. On one occasion, he said emotionally in the forum of the university: "My teacher Zhu Ziqing, like Qu Yuan, has first-class moral articles. Without Mr. Zhu Ziqing's education and training, I wouldn't be here today ... "Although all this is related to the unknown occupation of teachers, it is by no means the only or important reason.
The second is the increasingly sharp contradiction between parents and schools.
There is a saying called "Mr. Aikichong", but it is not easy! With the deepening of the "little emperor" effect and its worries, the contradiction between "love" and "weight" has become increasingly acute. Although most parents respect teachers and attach importance to education, some of them "love their children" rather than "respect their husbands". Sometimes even the two are in sharp opposition, they are responsible to the teacher. Compared with Ma Huanghou in the Ming Dynasty, it was at least 600 years behind.
According to Ming History? According to Biography of Ma Hou, when Li Xixian was teaching Confucian classics to the king, he wounded the king's head with a pen tube. Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, was furious and prepared to blame Mr. Li Lao. Therefore, when Ma Huanghou heard the news, he persuaded Taizu, saying by analogy, "For example, if you let people make brocade, you can only let them cut it, and you shouldn't be a teacher. "It means: choosing a teacher for a child and following the teacher is like asking someone to make clothes for the material, so that he can cut it with confidence and boldness. So, don't blame the teacher for protecting your children. Zhu Yuanzhang listened to her words and was relieved. Here, we might as well talk about helping others: although parents should not "blame teachers for their children", teachers can't help but seriously reflect and blame themselves for hurting students, and they can't protect teachers' shortcomings forever because some countries still use laws to protect teachers' rights to beat and scold students. The famous writer Wei Wei put it well, "For some teachers, corporal punishment such as beating and cursing is of course blind, but on the whole, it really belongs to the remnants of feudal consciousness and needs to be resolutely eliminated."
Today, this metaphor still has its practical significance that cannot be underestimated. Because the "exam-oriented education" within the system, the hedonism in the mind and the hotbed of doting in the family constitute the three mountains of education today. If you want to move any one of them, you need the concerted efforts of Qi Xin, including parents.
Third, it is manifested in the "blank" that students, even parents and even the whole society's understanding of teachers is divorced from reality.
This "blank" requires the teacher to be a "model" and not to make any mistakes. As everyone knows, this can't be done in practice, and it has fallen into a metaphysical misunderstanding in theory.
It is true that, as the famous German educator Desdore said, "Teachers are the most important teachers in schools, the most intuitive and instructive models, and the most vivid models for students." But this is only a theoretical direction and practical norm for teachers. Mr. Meng Weizai, a famous writer, deputy secretary and secretary-general of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, put it well. He said, "I didn't go to middle school. I can't forget every teacher who taught me in junior high school and Gao Xiaohe University (including the military school). Many of them have criticized me, some have scolded me, and some have slapped my hand. Don't mind, thank you, miss. I can't ask all my teachers to be saints, not to mention that I am an urchin myself! "
It should be said that even saints will inevitably make mistakes. Confucius was a great educator in ancient China, and was praised as a model and a teacher for generations. Even this saint, who "matches heaven and earth with virtue, is the best in ancient and modern times", has made educational mistakes more than once. But his disciples, especially those students whom he regarded as dead things and cursed by him, did not disrespect him for this.
Yan Hui (Yuan) was the first proud pupil of Confucius. However, he was not spared from temporary injustice and lifelong injustice. On one occasion, Yan Hui passed by the kitchen and occasionally ran into dust and fell into the rice basket. This meal, according to Confucian ethics, must be dedicated to sages first, and then teachers and students can eat it. Yan Hui thought: Is this dirty rice dedicated to the sages? Blasphemy them? If you take it and throw it away, it is obviously a waste. So he grabbed some dirty rice and swallowed it. Unexpectedly, this incident spread to Confucius and became "Yan Hui stealing vegetables". Fortunately, Confucius later asked for insight, which not only cleared away the grievances of his favorite pupil, but also left an allusion that "it is not easy to know people" for today. If you are wronged for a while this time, you will be wronged for a lifetime again. According to the Analects? Advanced and history? "Confucius Family" records that when Confucius left Wei for Chen, he passed through (now southwest of Changyuan County, Henan Province) and was imprisoned because of his similar appearance. At that time, it was a place where Lu plundered and slaughtered electric maniacs. Yan Hui finally came to Confucius, only to find that the disgruntled Confucius swore: "I thought you were dead!" " Yan Hui understood the teacher's innocent suffering and respectfully replied, "Teacher, you are still alive. How dare I die? " There is a saying in ancient China that a gentleman "rescues three times a day". As Confucius, not only that day, but also after that, he didn't reflect that he had wronged Yan Hui in this matter, but Yan Hui didn't mind, because he respected his teacher.
Zaiyu, Yuzi and Zigong are also students of Confucius. In the process of criticizing students, Confucius was extremely subjective and one-sided, killing all three of them at once and mocking and insulting them. However, this does not affect their different forms of respect for Confucius.
Eloquent and contemptuous of the slaughter of ethical codes, he put forward different opinions and argued with Confucius on his long-term insistence on mourning for three years after his parents died. Confucius was therefore biased. Once, when I saw Jae-woo dozing off while studying, I called him "It's hard to carve rotten wood, and it's useless to paint the wall with dung." Even when Zaiyu asked him about the virtues of the Five Emperors, Confucius sarcastically said to him, "Zaiyu, Zaiyu, you are not a person who can understand the virtues of the Five Emperors!" The derided Zaiyu took these as the encouragement of the teacher, so he studied hard and made positive progress. Later, he became an official in Qi State and finally made a career.
Yu Zi, "looks terrible", is ugly. Based on this, Confucius decided that he was a "talented" person and could not be created. Yu Zi worked hard for this and finally succeeded. Later, he traveled all over the Yangtze River valley and taught Confucius' Confucian academic thoughts, with more than 300 disciples. After these things reached the ears of Confucius, he had to sigh with emotion: "I only saw the massacre from the eloquent harsh words;" I misunderstood Yu Zi just because of its ugly appearance! "
As for Zi Gong, although Confucius thought that he was comparable to Zai Yu in rhetoric and eloquence, his evaluation was even worse. Said that he was an uneducated student, valued wealth and goods, and guessed right and wrong. However, in Zi Gong's mind, the image of Confucius is still very tall. One day, Dr. Lu's uncle slandered him in front of Confucius. Zi Gong immediately stopped: "Don't talk nonsense like this! My teacher is not something you can slander. The virtue of others is like a hill, which can be turned over; My teacher is the sun and the moon, and no one can surpass him. If someone must compete with the sun and the moon, they even try to discredit it to cover its light; Then, this does not harm the sun and the moon at all, but only shows that he is overreaching! "
Coincidentally, Confucius' disciples are not the only ones who don't forget to respect their teachers in criticism and abuse. More than 2000 years later, Mei Lanfang, a famous Peking Opera teacher, was scolded more sharply by his teacher, but after he became famous, his attitude of respecting teachers and valuing morality was more sincere and distinct.
Mei Lanfang began to study drama at the age of six, but the conditions were almost out of touch with drama. He was good-looking when he was a child, but he had a small round face and drooping eyelids, making it difficult for his eyes to show. He should be good at words and flirting. At that time, he was shy, unable to speak and stiff. He has a strong sense of music and a good memory. It is difficult for him to remember four old-fashioned sentences after teaching for a long time. Therefore, as soon as Mei Lanfang stepped into the theater, she was evaluated by her elders as "not outstanding in words and not stunning in appearance". One teacher even scolded him face to face, "Grandpa didn't give you food!" " None of these discouraged Mei Lanfang from being scolded and looked down upon because of poor natural conditions, but inspired his tenacious perseverance of studying hard and deliberately innovating. Later, he created an elegant Mei school art, which became famous at home and abroad. When he felt ashamed and regretted scolding his teacher, he went to apologize to him. Mei Lanfang sincerely and humbly replied: "Without your teaching, I don't know how to study hard. I want to thank the teacher and always thank the teacher! "
It is worth mentioning that from ancient times to the present, teachers have not always been able to achieve the unity of knowledge and action or the perfect unity of emotion, reason and law for students. It is more necessary to deepen understanding, increase understanding, eliminate misunderstandings to the maximum extent, and ensure the consciousness of respecting teachers and valuing morality.
According to the Analects? Advanced Record: After Yan Hui's death, Confucius cried her eyes out. The people behind him comforted him and said, "You are too sad, don't hurt yourself!" " Confucius sobbed and replied, "If you don't grieve for such students, why should people grieve?"? "? !" But there are two things that parents and students should have misunderstood, but in fact they understand. First, Yan Hui's father Yan Lu asked Confucius to sell his car and buy a coffin for his favorite student Yan Hui. Confucius said that after the death of my son carp, there was a coffin but no coffin. I can't sell my car and buy him a coffin on foot. I used to be a doctor. How can I walk in and out without a car? Second, Confucius' students asked for a thick burial of Yan Hui, but Confucius didn't agree. First of all, Yan Lu understood that it was beneath Confucius' status as a former Duke of Lu to walk because he didn't have a car. The latter thing, which disciples can understand, is that Ji, as a doctor, used 64 people to play music and dance in the courtyard according to the identity specifications of the son of heaven. Therefore, although Yan Hui is his favorite pupil, he can't be buried with gifts for the death of an ordinary Confucian scholar. From the teacher's point of view, Confucius followed the etiquette, that is, the "law", and opposed the ceremony of burying Yan Hui; At the same time, he did not hesitate to cry to Yan Hui's soul from the perspective of emotion and reason, saying, "Yan Hui and Yan Hui, you treat me like a father, but I don't treat you like a son ..." From the student's point of view, the disciples fully understood Confucius, and did not change their respect for teachers because of many specific differences of opinion and temporary grievances, as well as the wrong praise and criticism proved by practice. They respect their teachers not only when they are born, but also after they die.
Between teachers and students, things have changed since ancient times, but the truth is the same. If some social phenomena in history and reality are difficult to respect teachers, there is still a stage of understanding and a process of change. The contradiction between "loving children" and "not paying attention to teachers" or even "being responsible for teachers" needs to be solved by parents and schools. Then, for the "misunderstanding" that teachers should be understood but actually misunderstood and misinterpreted, students should and are very necessary, and they can completely fill this gap that is divorced from reality independently.