Shangqiu

Prefecture-level cities in Henan Province

Shangqiu, referred to as "Shang", is a prefecture-level city in Henan Province. Shangqiu is located at114 49'-116 39' and 33 43'-34 52' north latitude. East-west length168km, north-south length128km. It looks east at Huaibei, Anhui and Xuzhou, Jiangsu, west at Kaifeng, Henan, south at Zhoukou, Henan and Bozhou, Anhui, and north at Heze and Jining, Shandong. The area under the jurisdiction of Shangqiu City accounts for about 6.4% of the total area of Henan Province, with an area of 10704 square kilometers. According to its genesis and morphological characteristics, Shangqiu city is divided into three types: Yellow River alluvial plain, Huaihe River alluvial plain and denuded residual hill, among which the Yellow River alluvial plain is the main one. Shangqiu has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate. Shangqiu belongs to Huaihe River Basin, Hongze Lake, Vortex River and Nansi Lake. Shangqiu is a national comprehensive transportation hub. Shangqiu is a famous historical and cultural city in China and one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. It is the origin and settlement of Shang tribes, the earliest capital of Shang Dynasty, the birthplace of merchants' commodity commerce and commercial civilization, and has the reputation of "the source of Chinese businessmen". By the end of 20 17, Shangqiu had jurisdiction over 2 districts and 6 counties 1 county-level city; By the end of 20 18, Shangqiu had a total population of 9.26170,000 and a permanent population of 7.3253 million. In 20 18, the GDP of Shangqiu area was 238.904 billion yuan, and the annual per capita GDP was 32.673 yuan.

Basic information

Chinese name: Shangqiu

Alias: Shang, Bo, Dangxian, Liang, Songzhou, Suiyang, Yingtianfu, Nanjing, Guide House.

Administrative category: prefecture-level cities

Area under its jurisdiction: 2 districts and 6 counties 1 county-level city.

Government residence:No. Fu Qian Road 1, Suiyang District, Shangqiu City.

Telephone area code: (+86)0370

Postal code: 476000

Location: South end of North China Plain, east of Henan Province.

Area: 10704 km2

Population: 7,325,300 (resident population of 20 18 years)

Dialect: Zhongyuan Mandarin-Shangfupian-Shangqiu Dialect

Climatic conditions: temperate monsoon climate

Railway Station: Shangqiu Station

License plate number: Yu n

Gross domestic product: 2,389.04 billion yuan (20 18)

Per capita GDP: 32,673 yuan (20 18)

Famous scenic spots: Mausoleum of Emperor Yangdi, Gebotai, Mangdang Mountain, Return of Confucius Temple, Mulan Ancestral Temple, Shangqiu Ancient City, Yingtian Academy.

The development of history

The origin of place names

According to historical records, Xi è, the ancestor of Shang clan, helped Yu to control water, sealed the country in Shang dynasty and then migrated. Later generations called this ruin where Shang people lived "Shangqiu".

Organizational system evolution

(Suiyang District) Shangqiu Ancient City

In the 24th century BC, Emperor Zhuan Xu established his capital in Shangqiu.

In the Shang Dynasty (about16th century BC), Tang Cheng, the thirteenth grandson of Qi, destroyed the Xia Dynasty and established the Shang Dynasty, which was originally located in the south.

During the Zhou Dynasty (about 1 1 century ago), Zhou Chengwang made Cabbage, a descendant of Yin Shang, the capital of Song Cheng.

In the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (22 1 year), Qin unified the six countries, abolished feudalism and established a county. Shangqiu belongs to the Party County (which governs Mangshan Town, yongcheng city).

In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty (in the first 202 years), it was renamed Liang State and belonged to Yuzhou.

In the first year of Huang Chu in the Three Kingdoms (220), it was called Liang Jun.

In the early years of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty, Liang County was abolished, and Songzhou was established in the 16th year of Emperor Kai (596).

In the first year of Tang Tianbao (742), Suiyang County set up Henan Road.

The later Tang Dynasty was renamed Guide County.

At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, Songzhou and Jingdezhen were restored for three years (1006), and Songzhou was promoted to Yingtianfu as the capital of the Song Dynasty.

In the fourth year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 130), the Jin Dynasty changed Nanjing (Yingtianfu) to Guide House. That's when the name of Guide House began.

As the government of returning to Germany, the Yuan Dynasty was subordinate to Henan Province.

In the fifth year of Jin Cheng 'an (1200), it was renamed Guidefu.

In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Taizu (1368), the government was changed to a state, which belonged to Kaifeng.

In June of the 24th year of Ming Jiajing (1545), Dezhou was restored, and the original site was Shangqiu County. The first government is Suizhou, and the eighth government is Shangqiu County, Ningling County, Luyi County, Yongcheng County, Yucheng County, Kaocheng County, Zhecheng County and Xiayi County.

During the Ming Dynasty in Qing Dynasty, it was still the Guide House, belonging to Henan Province.

In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), it was returned to the German government.

In the 18th year of the Republic of China (1928), it was named Shangqiu.

1948165438+10 month, which was the first administrative region of Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu after liberation.

1March, 949, changed to Shangqiu District, Henan Province.

1950 In May, Chengguan District of Shangqiu County was transformed into Shangqiu City, and the original Shangqiu City was changed into Zhuji Market.

1968, changed to Shangqiu area.

1June, 1997, Shangqiu City was established.

administrative division

Split evolution

Night view of Suiyang District in Shangqiu

1February, 949, Yongcheng County was included in Suxian Department of Northern Anhui Administrative Region.

1March, 949, Zhu market was established.

1March, 949, Shangqiu Zone * * * has seven counties under its jurisdiction: Shangqiu County, Yucheng County, Minquan County, Sui County, Ningling County, Xiayi County and Zhecheng County.

1950, Chengguan Town of Shangqiu County was changed to Shangqiu City.

195 1 In August, Zhuji City and Shangqiu City merged into Shangqiu City, ruling the former Zhuji City.

1952, Yongcheng County was transferred from Suxian District in northern Anhui to Shangqiu District in Henan Province.

1953, Huaiyang Special Zone was abolished, and six counties, namely Huaiyang, Taikang, Lu Yi, Dancheng, Shenqiu and Xiangcheng, were placed under Shangqiu Special Zone, which governed 14 counties.

/kloc-In 0/960, Shangqiu District was re-established in Shangqiu County, Yucheng, Xiayi, Yongcheng, Ningling, Zhecheng County, Lu Yi and Dancheng.

On June 1965, Luyi County and Dancheng were designated as Shangqiu Special Zone, while Minquan County and Sui County were re-designated as Shangqiu Special Zone.

1977 10, lankao county is included in Shangqiu area.

1August, 980, lankao county was assigned to Kaifeng Special Zone.

Division details

Administrative divisions of Shangqiu City

As of September 20 17, Shangqiu has jurisdiction over six counties and two districts, namely Xiayi County, Yucheng County, Zhecheng County, Ningling County, Suixian County, Minquan County, liangyuan district and Suiyang District, and 1 Shangqiu is directly under the county-level city. Shangqiu Municipal People's Government is located atNo. 1, Fu Qian Road, Suiyang District, Shangqiu City.

Administrative Region (square kilometers) Population (10,000 people) Postal Code Government Resident

liangyuan district

673

80

476000

No.66 Jinxiu Road, Administrative Center of Liangyuan New Area

suiyang qu

960

75

476000

Intersection of Shenhuo Avenue South Section and Xueyuan Road

yongcheng city

2068

124

476600

Intersection of the west section of Dongfang Avenue and Xuefeng Road

zhecheng county

1048

Seventy-eight

476200

Opposite Ronghu Ecological Park in the middle section of Future Avenue

yucheng county

1558

95

476300

Intersection of Renmin Road and Huimin Road

xiayi county

1470

92

476400

Intersection of Binhu North Road and Xianfu West Road

ningling county

786

Fifty-six

476700

Intersection of Jianshe West Road and Xihuan Road

Quan Min county

1222

70

476800

Intersection of Renmin Road and Fu Qian Street

Suixian county

920

7 1

476900

Middle Section of Fengcheng Avenue, Suixian County, Hubei Province

geographical environment

Location context

Shangqiu urban area

Shangqiu is located at114 49'-116 39' and 33 43'-34 52' north latitude. East-west length168km, north-south length128km. It looks east at Huaibei, Anhui and Xuzhou, Jiangsu, west at Kaifeng, Henan, south at Zhoukou, Henan and Bozhou, Anhui, and north at Heze and Jining, Shandong. The area under the jurisdiction of Shangqiu City accounts for about 6.4% of the total area of Henan Province, with an area of 10704 square kilometers.

topography

Ronghu Lake in Zhecheng County

The plain area of Shangqiu City is 10623 square kilometers, accounting for 99.24% of the city's total area. Shangqiu hilly area is 8 1 km2, accounting for about 0.76% of the total area. Shangqiu, except for a small area of isolated hills in yongcheng city, is flat and slightly inclined from northwest to southeast, with an altitude of 30-70 meters and a slope of 1/5000- 1/7000. Due to the influence of natural and human activities such as repeated flooding, diversion and long-term wind and rain of the Yellow River, many plain landforms such as sand dunes, beaches, back river depressions and lake depressions have been formed, which can be divided into two types according to their causes: denudation residual hills and sedimentary accumulation. According to its genesis and morphological characteristics, Shangqiu city is divided into three types: Yellow River alluvial plain, Huaihe River alluvial plain and denuded residual hill, among which the Yellow River alluvial plain is the main one.

climate

(liangyuan district) Shangqiu People's Park

Shangqiu has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate. Winter is north, cold and dry; Spring is warm, dry and rainy for many days; Summer is affected by southerly wind, which is hot and rainy, and the water and heat are well coordinated, which is suitable for crop growth, but sometimes showers and hail bring harm; There is little rainfall and plenty of sunshine in autumn. According to the average climate temperature, there are four seasons in a year. The average climate temperature is lower than 10℃ in winter, higher than 22℃ in summer and between 10-22℃ in spring and autumn. Shangqiu has a longer winter, followed by summer, and shorter spring and autumn.

The average annual precipitation in Shangqiu is 711.9mm, and the corresponding total precipitation is 59 1.3 million cubic meters. The average annual runoff depth is 76.8 mm, and the total runoff is 6.405 million cubic meters.

hydrology

(liangyuan district) Chairman Mao Statue Square

Shangqiu belongs to Huaihe River Basin, Hongze Lake, Vortex River and Nansi Lake. The backbone rivers with an area of more than 65,438+0,000 square kilometers in China Basin are the Wohe River, Huiji River, Tuohe River, Old Yellow River, Huihe River, Dashahe River and Wangyin River. Most rivers flow in the northwest and southeast directions, which are roughly parallel and alternately distributed. Most of them belong to seasonal rain source type. During the rainstorm in flood season, the river surges, the flood peak is obvious, and the water level and discharge change greatly.

natural resource

water resource

Shangqiu's average natural water resources for many years is 2.284 billion cubic meters, with an average of 2.65438+0.34 million cubic meters per square kilometer, an average of 240 cubic meters per mu and a per capita water resource of 303.6 cubic meters.

The static reserve of groundwater in Shangqiu City is 2140,000 cubic meters. Shallow water buried within 60 meters is rich in water storage due to atmospheric precipitation, surface water body and field irrigation backwater, and the annual allowable exploitation amount is 1628 10000 cubic meters. There is a thick water-bearing sand layer from 60m to 170m. The water-rich area and middle-rich area below170m (deep water layer) are wide, and there are deep confined aquifers (groups) at the depth of 350-420m south of the railway, which are distributed stably. The aquifer thickness of fine sand and medium fine sand is 33 to 55 meters, and the unit water output is 4.85-6.80 tons/hour.

plant resources

Due to the influence of topography and climate, Shangqiu city has formed a relatively single vegetation type, but it is rich in plant resources. Shangqiu city is an artificial vegetation composed of cultivated plant species except the sporadic distribution of natural herbs, which belongs to the cultivated plant area of Huanghuai Plain in Henan Province. Over the years, with the development of agriculture and urban greening, the species and quantity of plants have changed obviously. The crop structure of autumn grain is mainly soybean, millet, sorghum and so on. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was gradually changed to corn and soybeans after the 1970s. In terms of greening, the increase of fruit trees, ornamental trees and timber trees has enriched the plant species in urban and rural areas. Shangqiu is rich in paulownia resources, and the accumulation of paulownia in Shangqiu City reaches 80 million cubic meters, which is known as the hometown of paulownia in China.

Animal resources

Shangqiu wild animals and mammals: rabbits, mice, hamsters, weasels, hedgehogs, bobcats, foxes, badgers and bats. Birds: sparrow, grey magpie, domestic swallow, red-backed swallow, oriole, cuckoo (cuckoo), four-tone cuckoo, quail, domestic pigeon, turtledove, woodpecker, big reed warbler, magpie, lark, crow, black curly tail, owl, sparrow hawk (kite) and kite (kite). Reptiles: there are geckos, lizards, snakes, turtles and so on. Amphibians: frogs, toads, etc. Insects: The pests of fruit trees mainly include longicorn beetles, moths, elms, longicorn beetles and cicadas. Crop pests mainly include aphids, grubs, grubs (adults are called scarabs), corn borers, cutworms, armyworms, wheat sawflies, corn borers, bean moths (larvae are called bean worms), pod borers, bean stalk flies, bridge builders, cotton bollworms, Jin Gangzuan and blind stinkbug. The main natural enemies that prey on pests are ladybugs, lacewings, Trichogramma, walking insects, syrphids, mantises, wasps and so on. Other insects include mosquitoes, flies, fleas, ants, bugs, dragonflies, cockroaches, feather lice, dragonflies and so on. Fish are: carp, silver carp, silver carp, grass carp, crucian carp, catfish, eel, loach and so on.

mineral resources

As of 20 16, Shangqiu has discovered 17 species of mineral resources, accounting for 16% of the discovered minerals in the whole province. Shangqiu is one of the six anthracite bases in China, with an annual output of 28 million tons. There are 15 deposits that have been explored. The newly discovered Tong Zhe coalfield has a reserve of 23 billion tons, which is the largest coalfield ever discovered in Henan Province.