The terrain in the north of Hebei Province is complex, mainly mountainous and hilly, with plains in the south-central part, and the vast North China Plain is basically in Hebei Province. Hebei Province, with its high grain output and many varieties, is an important grain supply base in China. There are 1 1 prefecture-level cities in Hebei Province, namely: Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Handan, Baoding, Cangzhou, Xingtai, Langfang, Chengde, Zhangjiakou, Hengshui and Qinhuangdao.
The northern part of Hebei is a complex terrain, which has been a natural barrier for the Central Plains Dynasty to resist northern nomadic cavalry such as Youzhou and Jizhou since ancient times. It was then part of the Sixteen Counties. In ancient history, Hebei Province was basically controlled by Zhao Heyan. Therefore, Hebei Province is also known as the land of Zhao Yan. All parts of Hebei are simple and martial, and they are the main areas of conscription in past dynasties. The regionalization structure of Hebei Province has gone through several stages and finally formed.
1279, after the Yuan Dynasty unified the whole country, its territory was unprecedented. Relying on the division of counties and counties in the Tang and Song Dynasties, it is impossible to effectively manage various regions. Under such circumstances, the Yuan Dynasty used the experience of Jin Guoxing's Shangshutai for reference and established a provincial system, which divided the whole country into 10 provinces, such as Jiangbei, Huguang, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. In view of the importance of all parts of Hebei, the Yuan Dynasty set up a book province in the bank, and all parts of Hebei were directly managed by the book province of the bank.
1368, after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, it inherited the provincial system of the Yuan Dynasty. After improvement and adjustment, the zoning pattern of north-south Zhili and 13 provinces has been formed. North Zhili includes Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei provinces, while South Zhili includes Shanghai, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. The general division of many provinces in China was basically formed during the Ming Dynasty, such as Henan Province, Shandong Province, Zhejiang Province, Guangdong Province and so on.
/kloc-In the middle of the 0/7th century, the Qing Dynasty eliminated the peasant rebels and the Nanming regime, and gradually established its rule over the whole country. According to their respective needs, the division of provinces has been adjusted, forming a division pattern of 18 provinces. Beijing was the capital of the Qing Dynasty, and North Zhili was renamed Zhili Province. The status of South Zhili declined, and it was renamed jiangnan province. For the northern provinces, the Qing dynasty basically did not change the division pattern of the provinces. In the Qing Dynasty, the governor of Zhili was established to manage all parts of Zhili.
In the Qing Dynasty, there were 12 states and 6 zhili states, namely Shuntianfu, Baoding, Tianjin, Zhengding, Daming, Shunde, Guangping, Hejian, Chengde, Chaoyang, Xuanhua, Yongping, Zunhua, Yizhou, Jizhou and Zhaozhou. Among them, Shuntianfu's position is very special, with a total jurisdiction of 24 counties, which is bigger than Beijing now. Shuntianfu is nominally subordinate to Zhili, but in fact it is directly under the management of the court.
Shuntianfu has jurisdiction over Tongzhou, Jizhou, Zhuozhou, Bazhou, Changping, Daxing, wanping county, Liangxiang, Fangshan, Dong 'an, Gu 'an, Yongqing, Baoding, Dacheng, Wen 'an, Wuqing, Xianghe, Baodi, Ninghe, Sanhe, Pinggu, Shunyi and Shunyi. As for Tianjin Prefecture, it has jurisdiction over Tianjin County, Jinghai County, Qingxian County, Cangzhou County, Nanpi County, Yanshan County and Qingyun County.
19 12. After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, China entered a complicated stage of warlord melee. At this time, great changes have taken place in the division of Zhili province, and Beijing and Tianjin have been established as special cities one after another. The status of a special city is similar to that of a municipality directly under the Central Government, but not exactly the same. 1928, Zhili province was renamed Hebei province. In a blink of an eye, 1949, the new China was established. The large-scale war has basically ended, and China has entered the post-war reconstruction and rest stage.
At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to manage big cities, China established 10 municipalities directly under the central government. In addition to Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing and other traditional municipalities, Shenyang, Xi, Wuhan and other cities have also been temporarily upgraded to municipalities. In the early 1950s, for the needs of economic development, too complicated zoning was not conducive to economic construction. As a result, a series of municipalities directly under the central government, such as Chongqing, have been downgraded. By the end of 1954, there were only three municipalities directly under the central government: Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin.
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, each municipality directly under the Central Government only managed the urban area, not the counties, and its jurisdiction was very limited. In the process of economic construction, many projects are restricted due to limited geographical scope. For example, Tongxian area outside Beijing and Tianjin area outside Tianjin are all under the control of Hebei Province. In order to expand the jurisdiction of the municipality directly under the Central Government, from 65438 to 0952, wanping county was placed under the jurisdiction of Beijing. From 65438 to 0956, Changping County of Hebei Province was brought under the administrative jurisdiction of Beijing.
By March of 1958, five counties of Hebei Province, including Tongxian County, Shunyi County, Daxing County, Liangxiang County and fangshan county, were brought under the administrative jurisdiction of Beijing. As five counties were brought into Beijing's management, Tongxian area was revoked. 1958 to 10, Huairou County, Miyun County, Pinggu County and Yanqing County of Hebei Province are included in the administrative divisions of Beijing. During the six years from 1952 to 1958,1counties in Hebei Province were included in the administrative jurisdiction of Beijing.
Also 1958, Tianjin was downgraded and became the capital city of Hebei Province. Tianjin Special Zone was abolished and merged with Tianjin. During this period, Tianjin has a large jurisdiction. However, by 1966, the situation changed again. At that time, the front line in North China was under great pressure. The Pacific Fleet, which aims at the north, has the possibility of large-scale amphibious landing along the coast of China. China's navy and air force are still weak. 1May, 966, the capital of Hebei moved back to Baoding again.
1967, Tianjin was promoted to a municipality directly under the central government again. After Tianjin became a municipality directly under the central government again, its jurisdiction is still very limited, and all the peripheral counties belong to Hebei Province. In order to meet the needs of construction and development, Wuqing County, Jinghai County, Jixian County, Ninghe County and Baodi County of Hebei Province were brought into Tianjin administration from 65438 to 0973. After this zoning change, the zoning scope of Tianjin has been greatly expanded, gradually forming the present Tianjin outline.
That is to say, from 1950s to 1970s, there were 16 counties in Hebei Province, which were successively brought under the administrative jurisdiction of Beijing and Tianjin. With the inclusion of five counties in Tianjin, Sanhe County, Dachang County and Xianghe County are no longer directly adjacent to Hebei Province and become enclaves of Hebei Province, which are called "North Three Counties". Located between Beijing and Tianjin, Beisan County is under the management of Langfang City, Hebei Province.
There are many stories about zoning adjustment in China. In future articles, the author will talk to you slowly.