To achieve high yield of wheat, planting is the foundation and management is the key. Winter wheat is a vegetative growth period from emergence to overwintering, and its growth characteristics are mainly leaf emergence, rooting and tillering. During this period, some nutrients produced by plants are used for seedling growth, and some are stored for overwintering and green growth in spring. Before winter, Miao Zhuang has developed root system, strong tillering ability, rich storage nutrition and strong stress resistance, which is conducive to safe overwintering, early turning green in spring and high panicle rate. Weak seedlings have fewer tillers and less nutrients produced and stored. Because the growth of vegetative bodies consumes a lot of nutrients, the nutrient storage capacity of strong seedlings is also small. These two seedlings are not conducive to the safe overwintering of wheat, and the low ear formation rate will directly affect the wheat yield. Therefore, winter management is very important for high yield of wheat.

First, promote the transformation from weak seedlings to strong seedlings.

Common weak seedlings mainly include the following situations: dry seedlings, deep sowing seedlings, hardening seedlings, fertilizer-removed seedlings, saline-alkali seedlings, fertilizer-burned seedlings, late sowing seedlings and so on. Deep-sown seedlings should be ridged, and part of the mulch should be removed, so that the thickness of mulch at tillering nodes is shallow or deep, improving soil ventilation, promoting development and making seedlings strong; The hardening of seedlings is mainly due to poor ventilation, affected root absorption and slow plant growth. It is necessary to cultivate and loosen the soil in time to break the harden. Fertilized seedlings should be topdressed and watered in time; Where there are conditions for saline-alkali seedlings, high pressure can be used to press alkali, and then intertillage and loosen the soil; Burning seedlings with fertilizer is mainly caused by applying immature organic fertilizer or returning straw to the field, so watering measures should be taken; The late sowing of seedlings is mainly due to insufficient accumulated temperature before winter, so intertillage should be used to loosen the soil to improve the ground temperature and promote its robust growth.

Second, control the flourishing seedlings.

The conditions for growing strong seedlings are good fertilizer and water conditions, early sowing of wheat seedlings and vigorous growth, and average soil fertility. Because of the large amount of sowing, many basic seedlings, early sowing and high temperature, wheat seedlings grow vigorously. The effective measures to control strong seedlings are suppression and deep intertillage, which is beneficial to the growth of new roots. Through these measures, the growth of aboveground parts can be basically controlled and the growth of underground parts can be promoted. At the same time, for robust seedlings,

Third, prevent dead seedlings.

Practice has proved that pouring frozen water in time can stabilize the ground temperature, prevent the invasion of cold current on wheat seedlings and protect them from overwintering safely. Preventing drought in early spring is conducive to cultivating strong seedlings in spring; Crushing weeds and stabilizing soil are beneficial to the growth of wheat seedlings. Sandy land and loam land need frozen water especially, but it is not suitable for low-lying land, clay land, wetland and late-sowing wheat field. If necessary, the late sowing wheat field should still be watered with frozen water, which can be flexibly mastered according to the specific situation. In principle, there is no need to water tillers to avoid silting seedlings, affecting growth and causing freezing damage. The best time to pour ice water should be when the midnight snack freezes during the day.

Fourth, topdressing winter fertilizer.

Combined with topdressing winter fertilizer with frozen water, the fertilization amount should not be too large, and it is appropriate to use 5 ~ 10 kg per mu.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) is depressed in winter.

Repression in winter can protect soil moisture, prevent freezing and crush garbage. Low-yield fields should be suppressed in winter. However, because the saline-alkali land returns to alkali after being suppressed, the sand land becomes invalid after being suppressed, so the saline-alkali land and sand land are not suppressed.