According to Zhu Yizhong's Wine Classic, in early summer, an official named Yidi made wine with mulberry leaves as a gift to Dayu. After dinner, Dayu felt very sweet and said with emotion, "Some descendants will die because of drinking." Therefore, it is forbidden to make wine, but this method of making wine is still circulated in secret in the palace.
According to Shuo Wen Jie Zi, "Gu Qing Shao Kang made brooms and wine first, and Shao Kang and Du Kang also made them." Since ancient times, literati have loved drinking because; Wine has many elegant names, such as "golden syrup", "wanye" and "Qiongjiang", and some of them directly enter poetry.
Wine has become an important part of literati's life art.
"Hundred Poems of Li Bai Fighting for Wine", wine has become a part of literati culture here.
Wine culture refers to the material culture and spiritual culture produced in the process of wine production, sales and consumption.
Wine culture includes wine-making methods, wine tasting methods, wine functions, wine history and other wine cultural phenomena.
It not only has the material characteristics of wine itself, but also has the spiritual connotation formed by wine tasting. It is a specific cultural form formed in the process of wine-making and drinking activities.
Wine culture has a long history in China. Many literati wrote wine tasting and wine tasting works, leaving many stories about Dionysus, such as fighting wine, writing poems, painting, keeping in good health, feasting and farewell dinner.
As a special cultural carrier, wine occupies a unique position in human communication.
Wine culture has penetrated into all fields of human social life, and has great influence and function on human life, literature and art, medical care, industrial and agricultural production, political economy and other aspects.
Wine history:
In the first 359- 338, Shang Yang reformed, and taxes suppressed business, and the price of wine was ten times the cost.
The former 22 1- the former 206 Qin law prohibited Sichuan surplus grain from making wine and selling it for profit;
/kloc-before 0/38, Zhang Qian sent an envoy to the western regions to bring back grapes and introduced winemakers, and wine began to appear in China.
In 98 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took the advice of Sang Hongyang, the chief financial officer, and set up a lawsuit of "liquor monopoly" and implemented the liquor monopoly system, which lasted 17 years.
Before 8 1, in the sixth year of Han Dynasty, officials sold wine at four yuan per liter, which was the earliest record of wine price.
From 533 to 544, Jia Sixie wrote 92 Books of Qi Yao Min, of which 6-9 were devoted to koji-making and wine-making, which was the earliest wine-making technology in the world.
1656, a Shu surname in Luzhou opened Shu Juyuan classic wine shop. It is said that the wine cellar used is still in use today, so the wine is named "Luzhou Laojiao Special Qu";
1842, Quanxing Old Winery was established in Chengdu, Sichuan to produce Quanxing Daqu liquor;
1860, the Hui people in Hualian, Jiangxi, set up a burning workshop in Maotai Town to produce Moutai for "Hua Mao";
1879, people in Renhuai County founded Rong Tai, and burned houses in Maotai Town to produce Moutai, which was called "Elvis Presley";
Changyu Wine Company was founded in 1892, and China began to use "Grenade" glass bottled wine, headed by Changyu Grape Brewing Company, and began to package according to foreign wine styles;
During Guangxu period, Yu compiled four volumes of Jiuchao, including 322 kinds of liquor orders, which was a master of liquor orders before the end of Qing Dynasty.
/kloc-in 0/900, Russian technicians established the first beer workshop in Harbin-Wulubei levski Brewery;
Yingde Brewing Company, the predecessor of Tsingtao Brewery, was established in 1903, with excellent liquor quality and high reputation at home and abroad.
1904, the brewery in the three eastern provinces of Harbin was established, which was the earliest beer production enterprise founded by the national bourgeoisie itself.
Harbin Wuzhou Brewery was established in 19 14, which is the second brewery established in China.
19 15 Maotai won the gold medal in Panama World Commodities Fair;
19 16 Fenjiu won the first gold medal in Panama International Commodities Fair;
192 1 year1October 10, Shanxi winery was established. Its original purpose was to revitalize the national industry and produce wine, not to import products.
1929, Nanjing * * * promulgated the Provisional Regulations on Foreign Wine Tax, which stipulated that foreign wine sold in China should be taxed at an ad valorem rate of 30%.
Wuyang Brewery, founded by Song Ziwen in 1934, adopted Czech saccharification pot, a new equipment at that time.
1945 65438+ 10 The Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region * * promulgated the Brewing Regulations and the Decision on Unified Brewing, and the brewing industry was completely operated by orders such as * * *;
1In August, 946, the National People's Congress promulgated the Regulations on Domestic Tobacco and Alcohol Tax;
1947 Moutai was tried in Hong Kong and sold out immediately. Since then, Moutai has begun to enter the international market.
1949 In April, North China State Taxation Bureau and North China Liquor Monopoly Company held the first liquor management meeting in North China, and decided to monopolize liquor and stop private operation. The general policy of liquor monopoly is the combination of "unified management" and "decentralized management";
1 950 65438+1October1The State Taxation Bureau of North China was changed to the State Taxation Bureau of the Central Ministry of Finance;
1950 65438+On February 6th, State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China of the Ministry of Finance and North China Liquor Monopoly Corporation decided to levy ad valorem taxes on public beer, yellow wine, foreign wine, imitation foreign wine, reformed wine and fruit and wood wine in the Request for Instructions on Amending the Tax Administration of Public and Temporary Private Brewing in North China.
1951may, the central Ministry of finance issued the "provisional regulations on monopoly", stipulating that the monopoly products are alcohol and cigarette paper;
1952 the first national wine tasting was held in Beijing;
February 1953, 10 The State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China and China Monopoly Corporation of the Ministry of Finance set the liquor tax and monopoly profit rate as 1 1%, and other liquors as 10%. As a beer brand in China, Tsingtao Brewery entered the international market for the first time.
Tsingtao Brewery 1954 officially started exporting;
1955, Beijing held the first sugar and wine party;
1958, China established the first brewing university-Changyu Brewing University;
1959, China's beer output reached 107700 tons, which was the first time that China's beer industry broke through 10000 tons.
From 65438 to 0962, Mr. Zhou Henggang, a famous national liquor expert, praised Pingba liquor as "the essence of wine country, the wonderful flower of Guizhou, and the wonderful flower of Pingba".
1963165438+10 held the second national evaluation reception in Beijing in October;
1964 Shanghai first exhibition of sugar and wine party;
During the period of 1964, the turbid substances in wine tail were analyzed by Heilongjiang Institute of Light Industry for the first time.