Zhuge Liang is "blood of loyal ministers"+"exquisite heart"+"good article".

Cao Cao's literary attainments are among the best among all writers in China, and it is not an exaggeration to say that he can rank among the top ten in ancient and modern times. Zhuge Liang's fame is not due to his literary attainments.

Zhuge Liang is a loyal, pure and well-read man. Only by the level of the article, as long as one studies hard and some external family and environmental conditions are added, one can reach the level of Zhuge Liang in pure literature. To reach Cao Cao's literary level, you need some literary talent. To be clear, you can't do it without talent

"The mountain is not high, the water is not deep, the Duke of Zhou vomits food, and the world returns to the heart"-short song.

"Old horse, ambitious. Martyrs are courageous in their twilight years "—— Although the tortoise lives long"

"There are many trees and plenty of herbs. The autumn wind is bleak and the waves are rough "-look at the sea.

"When drinking songs, life geometry! It's more bitter to go to Japan if you are exposed to the morning dew "-"Short Song "

"Surplus contraction, not only in the daytime. If you are happy, you will live forever "-although turtles live long."

......

In fact, there are too many famous sentences in Cao Cao's literary works to give an example. These sentences, no matter who wrote them, can be passed down to this day and have nothing to do with Cao Cao's fame-the reason is that his literary attainments are too high!

It should be said that these familiar sentences are often recited by people, but some sentences don't even know that they came from Cao Cao.

Please read the following:

"Do your best until you die" —— The Last Teacher

"Be quiet to cultivate one's morality, be thrifty to cultivate one's morality, be indifferent to one's ambition, and be quiet to the distance"-The Book of Commandments

"Dear sages, far villains, this first Han is so prosperous; Kiss the villain, be far from the virtuous minister, and then the Han Dynasty will fall "-"A Model "

"If you die in troubled times, don't ask Wen Da to be a vassal" —— Model

......

These are also very famous sentences. Generally speaking, do they have a strong flavor of "Zhuge Prime Minister"? Anyone who has read Zhuge Liang's article will sigh-it's so well written! However, to say that "literary attainments are very high", I am afraid that few people will think of this aspect.

To put it bluntly, as far as literary attainments are concerned, Zhuge Liang and Cao Cao are not in the same class at all.

In fact, there is no need to compare the "literary attainments" of Zhuge Liang and Cao Cao. Zhuge Liang's spirit of loyalty to the country and dedication to the people, his wisdom of "unparalleled in ancient and modern times" and his deeds of "not conquering, dead" make him-no matter what era, his image in people's hearts is no less than that of Cao Cao-

-Even, too much for him.

Writers are those who are loyal to the monarch and patriotic, and their exports are all articles. The article is reasonable, teaching people justice, helping the country with good policies and benefiting future generations. Traitors and thieves, vicious harm to the people, not only brilliant, but also work for Hanlin, making contributions to youth, leaving only empty and frivolous words. Zhuge Liang is a man of loyalty, wisdom, unparalleled wisdom, loyalty and patriotism. Cao Cao, a traitor in the world, once said that I would rather lose the world than teach it to lose me. My words are arrogant. I am really a traitor and thief. Zhuge and Cao both survived. Zhuge Liang is a model, with good articles but few poems. Cao Cao has handed down many poems, which are neat and neat, and his views are somewhat verve. If you ask who has high literary achievements? Cao Cao's political achievements are good, and Zhuge Liang is slightly better!

There are three famous father-son writers in the history of China: San Cao, Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi; Later, in the Song Dynasty, Su San and his son appeared.

Let's take a look at their personal introduction:

Cao Cao: writer, strategist, politician, calligrapher.

Zhuge Liang: writer, strategist, politician, diplomat, inventor and calligrapher.

Most of Cao Cao's literary works are famous for his poems, such as The Life of a Turtle, Looking at the Sea, Travel Notes in Haoli, Making the County Know Yourself, etc. Cao Cao's poems are well-known and feel magnificent when read, which shows Cao Cao's personal boldness and lofty ideals.

Zhuge Liang's representative works include Liezi, Commandment and Admonition. Most of Zhuge Liang's literary works are philosophical, and his masterpiece "Commandment" can best reflect his literary characteristics: not indifferent, not sensible, not quiet and not far away. Zhuge Liang's literary works are full of thoughts, fluent and memorable.

Two people, one belongs to the bold school and the other belongs to the realistic school; Everyone has his own representative works and has his own characteristics. People who like to be unconstrained and unconventional like Cao Cao's literary works, while those who are more self-disciplined and strict with themselves like Zhuge Liang's works. But as far as literariness is concerned, Cao Cao's literary achievements are higher than Zhuge Liang's, but Zhuge Liang's articles are more ideological than his thoughts.

In addition, Zhuge Liang also has high attainments in painting, music and invention.

Of course, his literary achievements are also higher than Cao Cao's, and his poems are very good, such as Hao, Looking at the Sea, Autumn Record, Short, Sorrow, Jieshi Pian, Although Returning to Life, etc., all of which are immortal.

Cao Cao was also the pioneer of Jian 'an literature, the organizer and leader of literary activities, and also trained two writers, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi. Of course, Cao Cao's comprehensive achievements in literature are higher.

Although there is not much debate on this issue, it is worth mentioning that Zhuge Liang's literary accomplishment is also very high, which is easily overlooked. The following are some famous articles written by Zhuge Liang.

The original text of the model is only over 600 words. It was first collected by Zhuge Liang by Chen Shou, the author of Romance of the Three Kingdoms. At that time, the title was "Northward", and Nan edited "Selected Works". By that time, all the most famous and beautiful articles had been collected. I think that Zhuge Liang's article is undoubtedly qualified to be selected, so I included it in the book and renamed it "The Example".

Although it is only a short document, it is rich, profound, sincere, cordial and fluent. It is not only a rare excellent article, but also a concentrated expression of Zhuge Liang's political ideals and propositions, which is highly respected by future generations.

This article is straightforward, simple, concise and full of momentum. Many words in the article have been refined into idioms by Zhuge Liang, such as "belittling yourself", "quoting nonsense", "committing the crime of traitors", "risking one's life to forget one's death", "considering gains and losses", "crying with gratitude" and "not knowing what to say". A few hundred-word essay actually came into being.

Later generations admired the Model and gave a lot of praise. Every time the poet Lu You reads The Teacher's Watch, he has new insights and discoveries. Throughout his life, he wrote "A teacher shows his real world, who can be compared in a thousand years", "A teacher shows the past and the present, and he looks more carefully at midnight", "A teacher shows a thousand years" and "Who will continue to be a teacher?

On the eve of the Second Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang gave a recital to his late master. In this recitation, Zhuge Liang said the famous saying: do your best and die.

The previous "Model" was full of passion and enthusiasm. Compared with the latter one, it may be more reasonable, so it is not as imposing as before, and there are a lot more tragic words.

This is because the defeat of the first northern expedition will inevitably have a great impact on Zhuge Liang's psychology, and he can see the gap between the enemy and the enemy more clearly. Therefore, the latter case emphasizes the difficulty and arduousness of completing the will of the first emperor, but his determination, ideal and confidence in winning have not changed.

After reading "The Example" carefully, we can see a more real Zhuge Liang. This recitation has repeatedly talked about the failures encountered by Cao Cao in his life, which seems to vaguely reveal Zhuge Liang's situation at this time. Although no one will openly say his fault, the first Northern Expedition ended in failure and he was under great pressure. Zhuge Liang wants everyone to understand that failure is normal, especially when the opponent is so strong.

Zhuge Liang is a busy prime minister and commander-in-chief of the Shu-Han army. He usually participates in political, personnel and military affairs, but he still tries his best to spare some time to express his concern for his young son by writing letters.

There are two letters that Zhuge Liang wrote to his son, from which we can see Zhuge Liang's heart and love for his family as a father. Zhuge Liang wrote in his first letter:

In this letter, a father inculcated his son, mainly talking about two things: one is to strengthen moral cultivation, and the other is how to strengthen study and increase intelligence.

The sages have made many comments on the former. Zhuge Liang explained it in simple terms here. According to his own life experience, he told his son three main points: First, he often meditates and reflects, which is what modern people call self-examination. Only by meditation can he find the shortcomings and mistakes in his mind and prevent himself from being let go unconsciously; The second is to establish a good habit of thrift. Only abstinence can keep you awake and not complacent. The third is to establish a firm ambition, which must be ambitious, long-term and, more importantly, persistent.

Regarding the latter, Zhuge Liang also talked about his feelings from four aspects: first, exercise yourself in learning, knowledge is in books, and only persistent study can master it; Second, whether knowledge is rich and sufficient should be tested in practice; Third, we should have a correct learning attitude and persevere, no matter how difficult we encounter; Fourth, we should be good at summing up and constantly improving.

An article with only more than 80 words in the original text is so rich and profound in connotation that it has been highly praised by future generations and influenced the growth of countless generations. Among them, the famous sentence "If you don't live in seclusion, your ambition will be unclear, and if you don't live in peace, you will be far away" is a household name.

In the second commandment, we can see how meticulous and patient Zhuge Liang, as the first minister of the imperial court, is in teaching children. Zhuge Liang wrote in this letter:

Although this letter is not as well known as the previous one, it is still very touching to read. It was not written by the Prime Minister, but by an ordinary father. The etiquette of drinking at the banquet was written down word for word, telling my son to study and pay attention to his future life.

If the previous letter is wonderful, but some similar letters can be found in history, I believe the latter letter is unparalleled!

Zhuge Liang wrote this because he thought it was very important. These are the summaries of his life experiences. Although it is not the political wisdom and military strategy like "Gangwon" and "Sixteen Cheap Strategies", it still makes people feel the weight, because it is full of accommodating words.

The wine table is an important place to connect feelings and vent emotions. It can be said that things can be settled, but the wine table is the most difficult to grasp. If you don't do it, you will hurt your feelings and miss things. Some people lost their heads here, and some people lost their rivers and mountains here. Far away, take Liu Bei, the first emperor that Zhuge Liang was most familiar with, and there have been many drinking gaffes. So Zhuge Liang wrote this passage to his son.

The writing time of these two letters is unknown. Presumably, there should be a rare long rest period between the fourth and fifth Northern Expedition, which is the time when Zhuge Liang has the most time and energy to write such letters.

In addition to these two letters to his son, Zhuge Liang also wrote to other relatives, one of which was also written to his nephew, which was very famous. Zhuge Liang wrote in this letter:

This letter reveals the common problems of young people. Although it makes sense, it is not empty, just like talking face to face, without preaching, which makes people feel kind and natural. One of them, "aim high", has become the motto of countless people in later generations.

Zeng Guofan of A Qing Dynasty was famous for being good at educating his children. He put forward the educational motto of "ambition, knowledge and perseverance" for his children. Aspiring, unwilling to be dirty; Knowledge, knowledge and insight are endless, and you are not self-sufficient because of a harvest; With perseverance, perseverance, perseverance, everything can be successful. Zeng Guofan's insights are exactly the same as the theme of Zhuge Liang's letter to his nephew. I believe he should be influenced by Zhuge Liang.

Zhuge Liang's nephew is the child of his two sisters. His sister married Kuaiqi and was later killed by Mengda. The situation of my sister and children is unknown. The second sister married Pang Shanmin, who was an official in Wei. Their family should still live in Jingzhou.

When Zhuge Liang is mentioned, people think of Mr. Kong Ming, who is full of wisdom and enchanting appearance in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. In fact, this is all from the novel romance, which is very different from the historical facts.

On cao cao's military talents.

Zhuge Liang can't compare with Cao Cao in literary achievements. Cao Cao and San Cao represented the character of Jian 'an literature in the Three Kingdoms period, and many famous poems were handed down to later generations and highly respected. However, only Zhuge Liang's "model" and "exhortation book" have been circulated in later generations. As for whether the model was written by Zhuge Liang, there is still controversy at present. It is said that it was forged by later generations and cannot be confirmed.

It is the consensus of later generations that the author of Romance of the Three Kingdoms belittles Cao Cao, beautifies Liu Bei and myths Zhuge Liang.

Restore history and discern the truth.

Cao Cao's literary achievements are high for the simple reason that he is the leader of Jian 'an literary world personally certified by Chairman Mao.

Mao Zedong seldom worshipped the ancients in his life. "Yesterday, Qin Huang Hanwu lost his literary talent; Tang Zong Song Zu, slightly less coquettish. A generation of Tianjiao, Genghis Khan, only knows how to shoot an eagle with a bow. " Qin Huang Hanwu, Tang Zongsong Zu, it is true that they have culture and martial arts, but what are they compared with Mao Zedong? But Cao Cao is different. He is not only a politician and strategist, but also a writer, poet and even a strategist, calligrapher and artist. He is proficient in Weiqi, Guqin, Shang Qing music and dance, Cuju, health care, traditional Chinese medicine, nutrition, and has also studied architecture, urban planning and fashion design, which is unique in China's 5,000-year history. Therefore, Mao Zedong admired Cao Cao's versatility and uniqueness.

Of course, what Mao Zedong admires most is Cao Cao's literary talent and poetic talent. Cao Cao's eternal romance of "drinking near the river, writing poems horizontally, taking strong men to break the solid array during the day and giving beautiful houses to poets at night" also made young Mao Zedong very fascinated. 19 18 In August, I passed through southern Henan, specially went to Xuchang with Luo and Chen Shaoxiu to pay tribute to Cao Cao, and wrote a poem "Crossing" in cooperation with Luo:

Mao Zedong's evaluation attitude towards Cao Cao's poems is very clear: "Cao Cao's articles and poems are extremely true, frank and open-minded, and worth studying." He added, "I still like Cao Cao's poems. They are magnificent, generous and sad, and they are real men and generous. "

Cao Cao wrote a lot in his life, and his works were generous and sad. For example, in the early years of Jian 'an, he lamented the difficult times after Emperor Gaozu ushered in Xudu, and between the lines, he showed his outstanding ambition and consciousness:

(Note: Song Li, a place name of Mount Tai, is said to be the place where the soul returns after death. Hao is the name of funeral elegy in Yuefu music. The mourning for loss sung in this poem is an elegy in this tragic era. )

In just eight sentences and eighty words, from the failure of Ziziphus jujuba League in those years to Yuan Shu's claim to the throne now, it is a seven-year historical picture of broken mountains and rivers, with simple language, broad and lofty feelings, open realm and high ideological realm, which is actually the first history of China's poetry. Cao Cao's poems are simple, rigorous, solemn and handsome, like veteran Yan, full of appeal and lofty beauty between the lines, with strong realistic ethical concern and heavy sense of historical mission. This is really Tang Zong Song Zu slightly lost literary talent, Qin Huang Hanwu slightly less coquettish.

Cao Cao represents such a group of literati who have confidence and sense of responsibility for the suffering society. This is a noble, pure quality, out of low taste. It is also a passion that gushes out after long-term depression. Their life in full bloom flies in troubled times, and they walk through bloody wilderness. They have the power of Paramore and get rid of everything. This kind of strength is called Jian 'an figure in history. Cao Cao is the core of this Jian 'an style and the only literary and political leader in China history.

At the end of Jian 'an, after Cao Cao suffered a crushing defeat in Chibi, he repeatedly asked for talents, recruited talents from all over the country to Yedu, and had a feast with himself at Tongquetai to show his thirst for talents. At the banquet, everyone played chess, talked about entertainment, and sympathized with the romantic, so that their talents could be brought into play, singing and dancing, singing and playing, so happy! While enjoying himself, Cao Cao fell headlong into a cup case. The food stained the towel, but he still didn't care. He picked up the wishful thinking next to him and banged on the hip flask until it was empty. It is free and easy, almost vulgar, and has no "human" dignity. Wine helps poetry, and Cao Cao is in it, suddenly happy and sad. He only feels that life is fleeting, life is short, and the great cause has not been achieved. His heart yearns for talents, like the bright moon, which cannot be cut off. Therefore, he is homesick, melancholy, uneasy, lonely, bright and sad, and ambitious. Duijiu, although it uses a lot of allusions, is rooted in temperament, open-minded and ups and downs. It is unique among the four-character poems and is the pinnacle of Han and Wei poetry:

Not a hero, not reading "short songs"; If you are a hero, how can you not understand loneliness?

Shen Deqian, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, said: "Cao Gong's four words, 300 articles (referring to the Book of Songs), made a strange sound."

In the crowing of chickens, the lights are brightly lit, and the palace falls, just like the bronze sparrow terrace in the Heavenly Palace, and Cao Cao dances sadly, with a graceful posture and a heroic attitude like entering a fairyland.

The evening breeze rises, and the sadness is light. People who are familiar with the taste of poetry are in tears. Cao Cao remembered that he had accumulated dust all his life and was drunk in a dream. He unconsciously returned to the twelfth year of Jian 'an (AD 207) more than ten years ago. He led an army to trek to Wan Li, made an expedition to Wuhuan, and returned home in triumph, passing through the coast of Bohai Sea in Jixian County (now Changli, Hebei Province, affiliated to Liaoxi County), with Jieshi in the east, leaping and flogging to see the sea, but seeing the world grow longer.

Looking at the Sea is the first and most famous masterpiece in the history of China. You can't leave this strange story behind unless you are a great hero through the ages. Although more than a thousand years have passed, it still impressed fans.

1800 years later, Mao Zedong also stood by the Beidaihe River in Qinhuangdao, looking into the distance, and his heart vibrated. In five thousand years, how many heroes have been dusted off by history; The only thing that jumped into Mao Zedong's heart was still Cao Cao and his impassioned poems.

For a long time, Mao Zedong sighed:

The word "change" is plain and casual, but it is "clear and white", showing the grandeur of great men thinking about sages and leading the times.

Between two powerful lives, through the Millennium, it has aroused a stronger resonance. It has great power to breathe the universe, which is enough to attract heroes all over the world to bend down!

How does it compare with literary achievements?

In the history of literature, Cao Cao exists like a god! How did he crush his opponent politically and militarily? Just enlarge it twice in literature.

I'm free today, but I want to add one thing:

In A.D. 196, Cao Cao welcomed the Han Emperor, made its capital Xuchang, and changed its name to Jian 'an. /kloc-After Jian 'an Battle of Red Cliffs was built in 0/3 years, the three pillars were divided, and the unified situation of the Han Dynasty completely collapsed. With the end of political unification and ideological unification, scholars' thoughts are extremely active when the situation changes. They not only want to make contributions to saving the world, but also feel that social life is short, and literature has got rid of the vassal status of Confucian classics in Han Dynasty and entered the conscious era.

Cao Cao was born in troubled times, grew up in the army and was both civil and military. He knew that Confucianism could only keep its own way and could not make progress, but in order to restrict the princes, he could not completely deny Confucian ethics. He was born in the Han Dynasty and didn't want to be accused of usurping the throne with the respect of the Han Dynasty. He also witnessed the collapse of the Han Dynasty, the misfortune of the people, the impermanence of fate and the shortness of life. When he made progress in the world, he was disappointed. Cao Cao and Wang Ba united, and their thoughts followed Xuanzang. These complicated thoughts and psychology are reflected in poetry.

Cao Cao pioneered the use of Yuefu ancient characters to write current events. "Writing current events through ancient music began with Cao Gong." (Shen Deqian's "Ancient Poetry Source")

His four-character poems "Short Song" and "Looking at the Sea" broke away from the shackles of "three hundred poems" and created a new realm of four-character poems. "As a four-character poem, it is mostly bound by the syntax of" 300 Articles ",but Cao Mengde is not bound." (Wu Qiao's Night Talk Around the Furnace, Volume II)

Most of Cao Cao's five-character poems have the nature of "poetic history". For example, Hao and Qiu Luxing are "A Record of the Late Han Dynasty", which shows the thrilling war history of the late Han Dynasty.

Cao Cao's poems are solemn and stirring, which plays a connecting role in the turning point of Han and Wei literature.

Shen Deqian's "The Source of Ancient Poems" volume five said: "The poem of Meng De is still in Chinese, and below Huan Zi, it is purely Wei Xiang."

Zhong Rong's "Poetry" said: "Cao Gong is ancient and straight, and there are sad sentences."

Liu Xizai's "A Brief Introduction to Art and Literature" said: "Cao Gong's poems are all-encompassing, and there is no other scholar in Jian 'an. "

Cao Cao's article is neither a repeated sermon in Chinese nor a gorgeous arrangement by Kong Rong. Lu Xun said, "Cao Cao himself is also the founder of the reform article", such as letting the county know its purpose, seeking talents, raising talents without restraint, showing compassion, and having orders to arrange affairs:

"I stayed up all night and felt a little uncomfortable. Drink porridge and sweat tomorrow, and drink angelica soup. I am in the army, and it is true to uphold the law. As for small anger and big negligence, it is ineffective. The world is undecided. I have a head disease, so I have to worry about it first. After I die, I will keep my big clothes as much as possible. I won't keep them. When an official is in the temple, there will be fifteen times (to pay tribute); After burial, it must be removed; Garrison shall not leave the chariot department; There is a division, and each rate is the location. He was buried in Xigang, Ye Zhi, near Ximen Bao Temple, and there was nothing to hide. My ladies-in-waiting, concubines and geisha are all diligent, and they are also very good to the Bronze Quetai. Put a six-foot bed on the platform, a spike tent under it and preserved fruit (food) in front. On the fifteenth day of every month, from morning till noon, you need to make music in your account. You always climb the bronze sparrow terrace and see the tomb of Xiling. The remaining fragrance can be shared with the ladies, not sacrificed. If you do nothing in the house, you can learn to sell in groups. All the money I get from my official career belongs to me. I don't want to hide the rest of my clothes and fur. If I can't, my brothers can share them. "

Speaking of Jian 'an literature, let's first talk about Cao Shi and his son: Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi, and then talk about Jian 'an and Cai Yan, the seven insurmountable sons. In the textbooks of general literature history used by the Chinese Department, no matter which set of textbooks must have chapters devoted to Cao Shi and his son, Zhuge Liang will hardly be mentioned. Only in a very detailed anthology, it is possible to choose Zhuge Liang's individual titles, while Cao Cao's titles cannot be crossed. What did you say?/Sorry? Can't be selected for middle school textbooks?

It is really inappropriate to compare the literary achievements of Cao Cao and Zhuge Liang for the following reasons:

First, the literary works of Cao Cao and Zhuge Liang have their own characteristics and strengths, so they cannot be compared.

Cao Cao's works are mostly poems, such as the famous Life of a Turtle and Short Songs. This style is very suitable for Cao Cao, a lean man, and can be used to express his ambition and lofty aspirations. His poems are magnificent, unpretentious and affectionate. Moreover, he is also very pioneering, borrowing the old saying of Yuefu to write current events, which has a far-reaching impact on future generations. His articles are also wonderful, with simple words, natural feelings, fluency and frankness.

Zhuge Liang's most famous works are Before and After a Teacher. Lu You spoke highly of these two "models", and bluntly said in "Book Anger": "A model is true to the world, and no one can compare it in a thousand years. "Zhuge Liang's" Model "is fluent in writing, rigorous in theory, concise in structure, frank and simple, sincere in feelings and touching, so it has been passed down through the ages.

Their works have their own characteristics and strengths. It can only be said that some people like whose works are more, and they can't say whose achievements are low or high.

Second: since ancient times, there has been a saying that "literature is no first, and martial arts is no second".

Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "literature is no first, and martial arts is no second". Literature is not good, there is no way to compare it. If you want to compete with martial arts, just fight directly.

If Cao Cao and Zhuge Liang are classmates, it is very simple. Let the teacher organize an exam to see who has better academic performance and who ranks high, which means who has greater achievements.

Different people will have different experiences when watching the same work. Some people will feel good, others will feel bad. Does not necessarily mean that the work is poor. Moreover, different people have different preferences. Some people like Cao Cao's works, while others like Zhuge Liang's works, which is entirely determined by the readers' own preferences.

Thirdly, Cao Cao and Zhuge Liang have different positions and functions in history, which leads to subjective deviation in judging literary achievements.

Although they are in the same era, their status and role are completely different. When we judge a person's achievements, we will be greatly influenced by his status and role.

For example, when judging the literary achievements of Cao Cao and Zhuge Liang, because Cao Cao has made outstanding achievements in his life, he will feel that Cao Cao has a higher position in history, and naturally he is more inclined to Cao Cao in his heart, and subconsciously thinks that Cao Cao's literary achievements are even greater.

Zhuge Liang, on the other hand, gives the impression that he has devoted his life to death. He is a diligent man, ambitious, but out of date. Knowing that the Northern Expedition was difficult to succeed, he persisted again and again. It is really a last resort. To death, I did not give in to natural hazards and failed to set foot in the Central Plains. This lifelong fate makes people feel inferior to Cao Cao when evaluating his literary works, so many people tend to think that Cao Cao's literary achievements are higher. In fact, this is unfair, but it is an unavoidable fact. Therefore, when judging their literary achievements, it is difficult to be fair and objective under the influence of this artificial subjective deviation.