Biology test questions
Note to candidates:
1. The full mark of this volume is 100, and the examination time is 100 minutes.
2. Before answering the question, please be sure to fill in the items in the left sealing line of the answer sheet clearly. Candidates are required to write the answers to all questions on the answer sheet with pens as required, and the answers on the test paper are invalid.
The first volume (multiple choice questions ***50 points)
First, multiple-choice questions: This question includes 25 small questions, each with 2 points and ***50 points. There is only one option for each small question that best fits the meaning of the question.
1.201July 12, Japanese researchers discovered a kind of protein called "Dysbindin- 1", which is related to the onset of schizophrenia. This protein exists in the "synapses" of brain nerve cells. If the content of protein is reduced, the tissues receiving information in "synapses" will not develop normally, which will lead to schizophrenia. On the other hand, if this kind of protein is added, the function of related tissues can be restored, and the whole system of "Dysbin- 1" protein south is wrong ().
The basic unit of a.dysbindin- 1 "is amino acid.
B. Information transmission between brain nerve cells must pass through "synapses"
C. All life activities are inseparable from this kind of protein.
D this discovery provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of schizophrenia.
2. Nucleic acid is an indispensable macromolecular organic substance in organisms. The following statement about nucleic acid is wrong ()
A the elements contained in nucleic acid are the same as those contained in phospholipids.
The genetic material of B. B. T2 phage contains four kinds of nucleotides.
C. the characters of Nostoc flagelliforme are all controlled by nuclear DNA.
D.mRNA contains multiple codons, while tRNA contains only one anticodon.
3. American scientist Venkatraman? Thomas Rama krishnan? Stanz and Israeli scientist Ada? Gonat won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his "research on the structure and function of ribosomes". The following statement about ribosomes is true ()
Deoxynucleotide is one of the components of ribosomes.
B ribosomes are organelles of all living things and also exist in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
C. Ribosomes must follow the principle of base complementary pairing in the process of synthesizing protein.
D. The type, quantity and arrangement order of amino acids in polypeptide chain are directly determined by ribosomal RNA.
4. The following statement about the trans-membrane transport mode of substances is wrong ()
The transmembrane transport mode of a. k+ is not necessarily active transport.
B. Active transportation, endocytosis and exocytosis all require energy consumption.
C human mature red blood cells consume energy in the process of actively transporting and absorbing glucose.
D. In the process of synthesis and secretion of growth hormone, the structure and function of biofilm are related.
5.ATP is the energy "currency" of cells, and the following statement about ATP is correct ()
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a direct energy substance in life activities, and its structure is abbreviated as ATP.
B. The places where ATP is produced in cyanobacteria are cytoplasmic matrix, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
C. ATP produced by plant cells can be used for all life activities.
D after D.ATP hydrolysis loses two phosphate groups, the remaining part is one of the constituent units of RNA.
6. About the nature of the enzyme, the following statement is wrong ()
Once out of living cells, enzymes lose their catalytic ability.
B. The catalytic efficiency of enzyme is high, but it is affected by temperature and pH value.
C the chemical properties and quantity of the enzyme remained unchanged before and after the chemical reaction.
D. The purple reaction does not necessarily occur between the enzyme and biuret reagent.
7. Observe the mitosis of onion root tip cells with high power microscope. The following statement is true ()
The number of chromosomes in each cell in the same field of vision is equal.
In a field of vision, the number of cells in prophase and metaphase may be equal.
C. Observing the metaphase cells, we can clearly see the equatorial plate and chromosomes.
D. Each cell divides independently, and any cell can continuously observe its whole division process.
8. The following statement about breathing is wrong ()
A. carbon dioxide must be produced during breathing.
B mitochondria can decompose pyruvate, but not glucose.
Product water is not necessarily produced in mitochondria during aerobic respiration.
During aerobic respiration, carbon dioxide is produced in the second stage.
9. Chloroplast is the place of photosynthesis. About the process of photosynthesis, the correct is ()
A. both light reaction and dark reaction can convert light energy.
B. the light reaction process consumes water, and the dark reaction process also consumes water.
C. the weakening of dark reaction will affect the progress of bright reaction.
D. With the increase of light intensity, the amount of [H] and ATP will definitely increase.
10. The figure below shows the cell division of higher animals. The following statement is true ()
A. Figure A must be secondary spermatocyte B. Figure B must be primary spermatocyte.
C. figure c shows the secondary oocyte or polar body d. M and M in Figure C are a pair of homologous chromosomes.
1 1. The following statement about the relationship between genes and chromosomes is wrong ().
A Sutton put forward the hypothesis that genes are on chromosomes through analogy.
B Morgan and others first proved that genes are on chromosomes through experiments.
The gene of C.VD rickets is located on the autosome.
D genes are arranged linearly on chromosomes, and there are several genes on each chromosome.
12. If 1 deoxynucleotide pairs are added in the middle of a gene, the result that gene expression is impossible is ().
A. No protein products.
B. When translated into protein, it ends in the missing position.
C controlled synthesis of protein reduced many amino acids.
D in the translated protein, the amino acid sequence changes after the deletion site.
13. The three pairs of alleles E/e, E/f and H/h that control fruit weight have equal effects on fruit weight, and they are located on three pairs of homologous chromosomes respectively. The fruit weight of eeffhh genotype is known as 120g, and then every time a dominant gene is added, the fruit will gain weight as 15g. Now fruit trees a and b cross. The genotype of a is EEffhh, and the fruit of F 1 is 150g. Then the genotype of B is most likely ()
Ah ah ah ah ah ah ah
14. Figure A shows the related structure of hand-shrinking reflection, and Figure B shows the submicroscopic structure mode of a structure in Figure A ... The following statement is wrong ().
A. the structure represented by a in figure a is a receptor, and figure b is an enlarged view of the submicroscopic structure of d in figure a.
B. When the stimulating hand retracts, the signal in Figure B changes to electrical signal → chemical signal → electrical signal.
The "receptor" on C.B. binds to the corresponding neurotransmitter, which changes the membrane potential of B cells.
Acetylcholine is a transmitter. A patient's serum contains antibodies against acetylcholine receptors, and the patient's disease symptom is muscle weakness.
15. The following figure is a schematic diagram of part of the process of regulating blood sugar balance in human body. The following statement is wrong ().
Islet b cells synthesize and secrete hormone a.
B. The hypothalamus can also produce some release hormones, which directly promote the secretion of hormone A..
The regulation process includes two ways: neuroregulation and humoral regulation.
D. the blood glucose utilization rate of patients with hormone a deficiency decreased.
16. The following components belonging to the human body's internal environment are ()
① Blood, tissue fluid and lymph ② Plasma protein, O2 and glucose.
③ Glucose, CO2 and insulin ④ Hormones, transmitter vesicles and amino acids.
⑤ Drink milk into the stomach ⑤ Take antibiotics orally.
⑦ Intramuscular injection of penicillin ⑧ Sperm enters fallopian tube to combine with egg cells.
A.②③⑦b .①②③⑦c .①②③⑧①d .①②③⑥⑧①
17. The picture on the right shows the curve of the population growth rate with time after a certain fish is transplanted into the ecosystem. The following statement is correct ().
A. the best time to catch fish is.
B. At present, the population of this kind of fish shows a downward trend.
C. in time, if the population is k, then it will be in
When the population is K/2.
D if the population is k, the population is K/2.
18. The following statement about biological evolution is true ()
A. the direction of biological evolution is determined by gene mutation.
The formation of pest resistance is the result of continuous application of pesticides.
C. The essence of biological evolution is the process of population gene frequency change.
D Only genetic mutation, natural selection and isolation can form new species.
19. The following statement about human immunity is true ()
A. effector t cells can directly devour pathogens that invade cells.
B. In humoral immunity, each plasma cell can produce a variety of specific antibodies.
C. AIDS and rheumatoid arthritis belong to immune system diseases.
D. When the pathogen infects the human body for the first time, the human body will have corresponding allergic reactions.
20. The following figure shows the relationship among producers, consumers and decomposers in the ecosystem. The following is related to narrative errors.
( )
A. The energy in the ecosystem can drive the material circulation.
B decomposers can promote the recycling of matter and energy as soon as possible.
C the energy contained in the feces of secondary consumers belongs to the previous nutritional level.
D. Because the relationship between predator and prey is irreversible, the energy flow is one-way.
2 1. Avery's pneumococcal transformation test and Hershey's and Chase's phage infection test can prove that DNA is genetic material. The research methods of these two experiments may include ① trying to isolate DNA from protein and studying their respective functions ② Radioisotope labeling. The following statement is correct ().
A.① and ② are used for both. B. ① for the former and ② for the latter.
C. The former only uses ①, the latter uses ① and ② D, the former only uses ②, and the latter uses ① and ②.
22. The following two figures (A and B) show two methods to obtain the target gene from bacterial cells. The following statement is wrong ().
A. a method for establishing a bacterial genome library. B.b. A method can establish a bacterial cDNA library.
C.a method takes deoxynucleotide as raw material, and D. B method needs reverse transcriptase.
23. While studying Cell Engineering, a classmate compared the related contents of cell engineering through transplantation. What mistakes do you think ()?
Plant cell engineering animal cell engineering
Technical means include plant tissue culture, plant somatic hybrid animal cell culture and preparation of fusion monoclonal antibody.
Special treatment, enzymolysis to remove cell wall, pepsin treatment to make cell suspension.
Fusion method physical method chemical method biological method physical method chemical method biological method.
Typical applications include cultivating virus-free plants and preparing monoclonal antibodies, such as artificial seeds and hybrid plants.
The sugar used to distinguish the culture medium must be glucose, and the sugar used is glucose, and animal serum is indispensable.
A.0 B. 1 C.2 D.3
24. Red blood cells contain a lot of hemoglobin. We can choose the blood of pigs, cattle, sheep or other vertebrates to carry out the experiment of extracting and separating hemoglobin. The following description about hemoglobin extraction and separation is wrong ()
A. The extraction and separation of hemoglobin generally follows the procedures of sample treatment → crude extraction → purification → purity identification.
B. In the purification process, the gel should be fully swollen with normal saline to make gel suspension.
C. The purpose of dialysis in crude separation is to remove impurities with relatively small molecular weight.
D the purity can be identified by SDS—- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
25. Most sexually reproducing animals are fertilized in vivo, and the fertilized eggs are bred into new individuals in the mother. The following statement about in vivo fertilization and early embryo development is correct ()
A. The male personality of the same animal is similar to that of the female during meiosis.
B. The first barrier to prevent multiple sperm from entering the egg is yolk membrane sealing, and the second barrier is zona pellucida reaction.
Generally speaking, there can be more than one sperm in the yolk membrane and only one sperm in the zona pellucida.
D. the differentiation of early embryonic cells first appeared in the blastocyst stage.
Volume 2 (multiple choice questions, ***50 points)
Second, non-multiple choice questions: this question includes 6 small questions, with ***50 points.
26.(7 points) Humans can make computers with complex structures and functions, but they can't make a real cell, because cells are far more complicated than computers. Complex biochemical reactions in cells can be carried out in an orderly manner, thanks to the cooperation between various organelles. The following flow chart shows a synthetic transport route of secreted proteins, where ① ~ ⑥ represent organelles or cell structures. Please answer:
Amino acids ①→→→→→→→ ③→→→→→ ⑤ → Extramembranous.
(1) If the amino acids in the above flow chart contain radioactivity, on which membrane organelle does radioactivity first appear?
(insert serial number), in addition to the organelles shown in the above flow chart, there are also (insert organelles) to provide energy for this process.
(2) There are two kinds of ribosomes: one is free in the cytoplasm and is called free ribosomes; The other is attached to endoplasmic reticulum, which is called attached ribosome. The flow chart above shows.
(3) From the process of synthesis and transportation of secreted proteins, it can be seen that the membrane area (fill in the serial number) is basically unchanged, which further reflects the characteristics of biofilm, namely.
27.(8 points) Please answer the following questions I and II:
1. Students in an interest group are interested in the causes of phototropism of plants and designed the following experiments:
(1) When studying the causes of phototaxis of plants, students conducted an experiment as shown in figure 1. The reason why coleoptiles grow in the direction of light source is.
(2) In order to prove the truth in (1), the students designed the experiment as shown in Figure 2. If the coleoptile (filled with letters) grows fastest and the coleoptile (filled with letters) grows slowest, the reason why the coleoptile in (1) grows towards the light source can be confirmed.
Two. In the experiment of exploring the best concentration of auxin analogues to promote rooting of cuttings. The independent variables and dependent variables in this experiment are and respectively.
28.( 10) Figure A below shows the different effects of CO2 concentration in the environment on the photosynthetic rate of two plants, A and B, when other conditions such as light and temperature are suitable. Please answer:
(1) If the seedlings of the above two plants are placed in the same closed glass cover, the plants whose growth will be affected first in a period of time are.
(2) When the net fixed CO2 amount of the plant is 0, it indicates that the plant.
(3) The net photosynthetic intensity of greenhouse vegetables at different time and under different conditions on sunny days in late spring, as shown in Figure B. ..
① In curve A, compared with 1 1, the changes of C3 and C5 compounds in chloroplasts at 13 are as follows.
② Curve C is higher than curve B, because supplementary light can make chloroplasts produce more.
29.(9 points) A biological interest group used the physical examination results of all students in our school in recent 4 years to investigate the incidence of red-green color blindness. The results are as follows. Please answer:
In 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007.
Boys and girls, boys and girls, boys and girls, boys and girls.
Normal 404 398 524 432 436 328 402 298
Red-green color blindness 8013160120
(1) 1 group students analyzed the data in the above table that can reflect the genetic characteristics of red-green color blindness, and calculated that the incidence of color blindness in the investigated population was%.
(2) The second group of students wanted to know the ways of red-green color blindness, so they investigated the family history of boy A's color blindness, and recorded it as follows: Boy A's grandfather was color blind, and his grandmother, grandparents and parents were normal. Excuse me: the transmission route of color blindness gene in boy A's family is →→→→→ boy A.
(3) It is found that a boy (Ⅲ10) is color blind and his sister Chuntong is albino. After investigation, its family pedigree is as follows:
If ⅱ 10 and ⅲ8 get married, then the probability that the child has two genetic diseases is. There is an albino heterozygote in about 200 people with normal phenotype in the local population. A woman with normal phenotype and normal parents' phenotype, but her younger brother is an albino woman, marries a local normal man who is not related by blood, and the probability of their children suffering from albinism is.
30.(8 points) Influenza A virus H 1N 1 is a subtype of influenza virus. The following figure shows part of the reaction process of human immune cells after virus A H 1N 1 infects human body. ①-⑧ represents immune cells or immunocompetent substances. Please answer:
(1)H 1N 1 influenza virus has invaded human cells, indicating that it has broken through the first line of defense of human body.
(2) The immune cells in the figure (fill in the serial number) have no recognition function for H 1N 1 virus.
(3) ③ in the figure indicates that among ①-⑧, some can proliferate and differentiate (fill in serial number).
(4) In addition to the mechanism shown in the above figure, the maintenance of homeostasis in human body also includes.
3 1.(8 points) Pneumococcus has the following metabolic pathways:
Before the application of penicillin, sulfanilamide was the most effective chemotherapy for many bacterial infectious diseases. It can inhibit the activity of an enzyme in the above picture, so that dihydropteridine can not be converted into tetrahydrofolate (a vitamin), and inhibit the growth of bacteria, thus achieving the purpose of treating diseases. Please design an experiment to explore the action site of sulfanilamide:
(1) experimental purpose:.
(2) Experimental principle: omitted.
(3) Experimental materials and utensils: several Petri dishes, basic culture medium (containing various nutrients for pneumococcal growth, but excluding dihydropteridine, dihydropteroic acid, dihydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate), inoculation ring, alcohol lamp, high-pressure steam boiler, sulfanilamide, dihydropteridine, dihydropteroic acid, dihydrofolate, pneumococcal strains, etc.
(4) Experimental steps:
Step 1: Take three Petri dishes, which are respectively marked as A, B and C, and add equal amounts of the basic culture medium into the three Petri dishes;
Step 2: Add them into three culture dishes A, B and C respectively, and then add them into three culture dishes;
Step 3:;
Step 4: put them into three media, A, B and C, and culture them at 37℃ under aseptic conditions. One day later, the possible experimental results and conclusions are:
① The pneumococci in A, B and C can't grow, indicating that;
② Pneumococci in A and B can't grow, but those in C can grow, indicating that;
③ Pneumococcus in A can't grow, but those in B and Jane can grow, indicating that.
Reference answer
The topic 1.c does not mean that all life activities are inseparable from this kind of protein.
2.b Nucleic acid and phospholipid are composed of five elements: C, H, O, N and P, and A is correct; The genetic material of T2 phage is composed of four deoxynucleotides combined in some way, B error; Nostoc flagelliforme is a prokaryote with eukaryote, and its characters are all controlled by nuclear DNA, C is correct; There are codons in RNA, but there are three bases at one end of tRNA that can combine with codons in mRNA. These three bases are called anti-codons, and D is correct.
3.c ribosome consists of RNA and protein; There are no ribosomes in the virus; In item D, ribosomal RNA is confused with mRNA.
4. The way that mature human red blood cells absorb glucose belongs to auxiliary diffusion, which requires carriers and does not consume energy.
5.d ATP is the abbreviation of adenosine triphosphate, and A is wrong; Blue bath is a prokaryote, without mitochondria and chloroplasts, B- wrong; ATP produced by photoreaction can only be used for dark reaction, and c is wrong; After ATP loses two phosphate groups, the remaining part is called adenine nucleotide, and D is correct.
6. Under proper conditions, this enzyme can also play a catalytic role when it leaves living cells.
7. The number of cells in the middle visual field may be equal.
8. No carbon dioxide is produced in the process of producing lactic acid by anaerobic respiration.
9.c dark reaction can't convert light energy, A is wrong; Water is produced in the dark reaction process, and B is wrong; With the increase of light intensity, the amount of [H] and ATP produced increases, but the dark reaction increases, and the amount of [H] and ATP consumed also increases. D is wrong.
/kloc-figure a of 0/0. B may be a secondary spermatocyte or a first polar body; Graph c cannot be a polar coordinate; M and m in figure c are not homologous chromosomes.
1 1. The gene against VD rickets is located on the X chromosome.
Insert a base pair at the 12 site. A gene. No matter what happened later, the polypeptide chain was formed before the insertion point, so the protein was formed.
13.C It is known that the fruit weight of F 1 is 150g, which means that the cells of F 1 contain two dominant genes. Among the four genotypes, only the progeny cells of EEffhh of option C and eeFFhh of genotype A contain two dominant genes.
14. In Figure A, A stands for effector.
15.b Hypothalamus can also produce some release hormone to indirectly regulate the secretion of hormone A. ..
16.a This question examines the composition of the internal environment, and only ②, ③ and ⑦ meet the meaning of the question, so choose item A.
17.d The best time to catch fish is t 1; At t1~ t2, the fish population showed an upward trend. From t0 to t2, the population increased in an "S" shape.
18. The direction of biological evolution is determined by natural selection; The formation of pest resistance is the result of natural selection; Genetic variation, natural selection and isolation can form new species, but they are not the only way to form new species.
19.c effector T cells did not directly engulf pathogens invading cells; In humoral immunity, each plasma cell can only produce specific antibodies; When the pathogen infects the human body for the first time, the human body will not have the corresponding allergic reaction.
20. Energy is not recyclable.
The transformation experiment of 2 1 did not use radioactive isotope labeling. Pneumococcus.
22. The C-A method does not need deoxynucleotides as raw materials.
23.D Animals' tissues can only be treated with protease after being cut, but not with pepsin; The methods to promote the melting of plant protoplasts can be physical or chemical, not biological; The sugar in the culture medium of plant tissue culture is sucrose instead of glucose.
24. Gel B should be fully swollen with distilled water to make gel suspension, so B is wrong.
25.c Male animals begin meiosis in adolescence, while female animals begin meiosis in fetal period. A is wrong; The first barrier to prevent polyspermia from entering the egg is zona pellucida reaction, and the second barrier is yolk membrane closure, B error; The zona pellucida reaction only occurs when the first sperm contacts the yolk membrane, so there can be multiple sperm in the zona pellucida, and only one sperm enters the yolk membrane, and C is wrong; Before the blastocyst stage, the cells have not differentiated, and D is correct.
26. (Unless otherwise specified, each grid 1 minute, the same below)
(1)② Mitochondria
(2) Attachment of ribosomes (2 points)
(3)④ The structure has certain fluidity.
27. Ⅰ (1) Single-sided illumination causes auxin to move more from the sunny side to the backlight side, and the backlight side grows fast and bends towards the illumination direction (2 points).
(2) Washington D.C.
28.( 1) b Under the condition of low concentration of CO2, the photosynthetic capacity of plant B using CO2 is weak (2 points).
(2) The fixed amount of CO2 in photosynthesis is equal to the amount of CO2 released by respiration (or the intensity of photosynthesis is equal to the intensity of respiration, and the rate of photosynthesis is equal to the speed of respiration) (2 points)
(3)① decrease and increase
② The temperature of ②②ATP and [H](2 minutes) is higher.
29.( 1) Male patients are more than female patients 1.24(2 points).
(2) Grandfather → Mother (2 points)
(3)112 (2 points)
30.( 1) II
(2)⑦(2 points)
(3) effector T cells 2456 (2 points)
(4) humoral regulation and neuromodulation (2 points)
3 1.( 1) Explore which enzymes sulfanilamide can inhibit.
(4) Equal amount of dihydropteridine, dihydropteric acid and dihydrofolic acid, and equal amount of sulfanilamide.
Sterilize culture media A, B and C with high pressure steam.
① Sulfanilamide inhibits the activity of enzyme 3.
② Sulfonamide inhibits the activity of enzyme 2.
③ Sulfonamide inhibits the activity of enzyme 1.