Groundwater is the "soul" of authentic Ejiao.
The reason why Ejiao is "Ejiao" lies in the groundwater in Dong 'e, which is an essential raw material for making Ejiao. Li Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty said in Notes on Water Classics that "there is a well in Dong 'a, which is as big as a wheel and six or seven feet deep, and often cooks seven-year-old glue". Shen Kuo in the Northern Song Dynasty said in Meng Qian Bi Tan: "Dong A also helps water, taking well water to boil glue, which is called Ejiao".
Dong 'e underground water is the underground undercurrent at the intersection of Taihang Mountain and Taishan Mountain, and the water quality is "lower, clearer and heavier", so impurities float during the boiling process, and the finished Dong 'e Ejiao is pure in texture. Modern science has proved that the relative density of Dong 'e water is 1.0038, and it is rich in various minerals and trace elements. A large number of minerals can help medicinal divergence, and the effect is rapid.
Water is the soul of Ejiao, and it is the unique water quality conditions that determine the quality of Ejiao. Throughout the ages, it has been unanimously recognized that only Ejiao produced in Dong 'e is the authentic Ejiao, whether in the folk or in the authoritative hall of traditional Chinese medicine.
Boiling process is the "source" of authentic Ejiao.
The traditional donkey-hide gelatin production process is very strict. The production process has to go through more than 50 manual processes, such as "taking materials, peeling and boiling glue". Any error in any link will have an impact on the overall quality. In history, Ejiao technology pays attention to the inheritance of mentoring, which is generally confidential.
Nowadays, in order to protect the traditional production technology of Ejiao, Dong 'e people not only restore the ancient Ejiao production line, but also hold a Ejiao Festival from winter to sun every year to promote the health culture of traditional Chinese medicine. In the winter solstice Ejiao Festival, the opening ceremony of restoring Jiugong glue a hundred years ago became a hot spot. Reading Ejiao Fu, gathering Dong 'a water, taking black donkey skin, and lighting the first fire for rubber refining ... The solemn and elegant tribute ceremony made modern people once again witness the brilliance and magic of the secret recipe of ancient Ejiao.
In 2006, Dong 'e Town Ejiao Co., Ltd. of Shandong Fujiao Group was listed as an old Chinese Ejiao enterprise by the state. Two years later, in 2008, it was also listed as a national intangible cultural heritage by the state. Dong 'e's traditional secret gelatin refining process constitutes another element of Dong 'e's authentic Ejiao producing area.
Donkey skin raw material is the "essence" of authentic Ejiao.
"Little black donkey, white belly, pink nose, pink eyes, pink soles, pink hooves, walking on the bridge in the city, slaughtering donkey skin in the winter solstice"-it is this folk song that sings Aconitum donkey, which makes Dong 'e Town Ejiao the third key synonymous with authentic Ejiao.
Manufacture technology of Dong 'afu brand Ejiao
Source: Pingyin County Government Network | Author: | Release date: 2009- 12-0 1.
Ejiao is a holy medicine for enriching blood. It is also called "three treasures of Chinese medicine" with ginseng and velvet antler. It was named after Dong 'e Town, Pingyin County, Jinan City, Shandong Province, and has a history of more than 2,500 years. Dong 'e Town, named by the state as "the hometown of Ejiao in China", is the birthplace of Ejiao. According to Yu Gong, written in the Warring States Period, and Huai Nan Zi, written in the Han Dynasty, Ejiao is listed as "top grade" in Shennong Herbal Classic, the earliest existing pharmacological monograph in China, and is called "holy medicine" in Compendium of Materia Medica. In 2002, Dong 'e Town was listed as the origin protection zone of Ejiao by the state, and Dong 'e Town became a famous town that formed three traditional national cultures with Jingdezhen and Maotai Town.
The first part is an overview.
I. Distinctive features
Dong 'e Town is the concentrated producing area of Ejiao. Ejiao has been recorded in ancient medical monographs, such as Gong Yu, Shen Nong's Classic of Materia Medica and Compendium of Materia Medica. By the Ming Dynasty, the donkey-hide gelatin industry in Dong 'e Town almost reached its peak, with dozens of large-scale donkey-hide gelatin workshops such as "Deng Shude Hall", "Tu Huaide Hall" and "Yu Tiande Hall". Some of these stores are authoritarian Ejiao, some are front shops and back factories, or practice medicine to make Ejiao. Each family has its own strengths, and "Deng's Shudetang" and "Tu's Huaidetang" are the best Ejiao. During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, Ye He Na, the favorite princess of the emperor, took donkey-hide gelatin from Deng Shude Hall, cured her blood disease and gave birth to a dragon son (the later Tongzhi emperor). Emperor Xianfeng specially gave three treasures to Deng Fa, the hall owner of Deng's Shudetang: first, a yellow jacket (equivalent to four official uniforms); Second, the passbook (equivalent to the pass to and from the palace); Third, Deng's Shudetang was given the name "Fu", and Fupai Ejiao became the exclusive use of the court.
The remarkable characteristics of Fupai Ejiao production are: unique geographical environment; Well-selected materials, according to ancient processing; There are many processes, full of stunts.
Second, the social and natural environment
Dong 'e Town is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, at the junction of Jinan, Tai 'an, Liaocheng and Heze, with an area of 95 square kilometers. The terrain is high in the east and low in the west, with mountains and hills in the east and yellow plains in the west. The Yellow River and langxi River, the largest inland river in the county, pass through the territory. The cultivated land area is 48,000 mu and the population is 39,000.
Dong 'e Town is the county seat of Dong 'e in past dynasties, and Dong 'e County began in Qin Dynasty. It is recorded in the old Dong 'e County Records and Shandong Tongzhi. 1948, Dong 'e County, east of the Yellow River, was placed under Pingyin County, now Dong 'e Town. The west of the Yellow River was transferred to Dong 'e County, and the county moved to Tongcheng (now the governing place).
There are negative mountains in the southeast of Dong 'e Town and rivers in the northwest. The langxi River in the territory is made up of more than ten mountain springs with red sails. Springs are filtered and spewed out from cracks in the underground rocks. The water quality is natural, cool and sweet, and it is a natural traditional glue boiled water. Using it to cook glue can reduce the pollution of raw materials, the ash content is easy to control, and the glue block is not broken in winter but soft in summer. During the boiling process, the trace elements contained in water combine with protein in Ejiao to form organic salts, which are easily absorbed by human body, thus ensuring the unique curative effect of Dong 'e Zhen Fu brand Ejiao.
Twelve Mountain is located in the southwest of Dong 'e Town 1.5km, where there are lush vegetation and trees, which was the stocking place for rubber donkeys in ancient times. Because of the variety of Chinese herbal medicines, the donkeys who eat the grass here are strong and fat, with dark fur, and the cortex is especially suitable for boiling Ejiao.
Third, the production process of Fupai Ejiao in Dong 'e Town
According to the China Pharmacy Dictionary, according to the ancient method, every spring, pure black and healthy donkeys are selected, fed with grass from the Twelve Mountains in Dong 'e Town and drunk with water from the langxi River. Slaughter and peel in winter, soak in the langxi River for four or five days, scrape and soak for a few more days. Langxi River was boiled with mulberry wood firewood for three days and nights, and the residue was removed and filtered, and ginseng was added. Its color is bright and clean, its taste is sweet and salty, and its breath is fragrant. It is a real donkey-hide gelatin.
The production process of Dong 'e Zhen Fu brand Ejiao is divided into the following steps: raw material treatment, juice extraction, glue boiling, concentrated glue collection, glue cutting, glue drying, glue wiping and packaging. The whole process has 49 working procedures and takes 30-60 days to complete.
(1) Raw material processing
1, skin selection: select the whole donkey skin without moth and mildew, and carry out metering feeding;
2. Skin soaking: soak donkey skin in a pool for 5-7 days, change water 1-2 times a day, and take it out when the skin is soft;
3. Shaving: put the soaked donkey skin on a wooden stool, first remove the carrion or fat inside, and then shave the surface hair;
4. Skin cutting: cut the unhairing donkey skin into a square with a length and width of about 40cm;
5. Skin washing: put the chopped skin blocks into the skin washing pool, add clean water for many times, and rinse with a skin washing machine. 6. blanching: put the washed donkey skin into a peeling tank, add water to heat the blanching, and take it out after frying the skin.
Key points of raw material processing procedures:
Select pure donkey skin and follow the ancient method;
Change the water in the float every day, and the cortex is soft and suitable;
Shaving, cutting, washing, and ensuring the quality.
(2) Take the juice and decoct it.
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2. Put the filtered glue into a glue frying pan and fry for a long time. In this process, the operator repeatedly floats the glue foam with unique traditional skills to remove impurities in the glue.
(3) concentrating and collecting glue
1. Filter the pure glue juice into the glue frying pan again and continue to cook. After reaching a certain level, some auxiliary materials such as rock sugar are added.
2. In the frying process, soybean oil should be added when the glue solution "hangs beads", so that the oil and glue solution are fully mixed to avoid oil holes in the finished rubber block.
3. When the glue continues to boil to a certain extent, add Shaoxing wine. At this time, the firepower should be reduced and stirred at any time, and large bubbles, such as mushrooms, are constantly emerging in the pot, commonly known as "fat pot". Then the heat weakens again, and this process is commonly known as "sobering up".
4. When the glue is fried to the flag, stop heating. That is, pour the glue into the gel box.
Key points of glue explosion process:
Precipitate, filtering and foam to remove impurities;
Military and civilian fever, long-term tempering;
Hanging beads and smashing oil, foaming and sobering up;
Hanging the flag to glue, the fragrance is rich.
(4) glue cutting and glue cutting
And concentrating the concentrated glue solution to obtain a glue block. Cut the plastic block into big strips first, and then cut it into small pieces. This process is commonly known as "membrane opening".
Key points of glue cutting process:
The rubber block coagulates with moderate hardness;
Stripping, dicing, thickness symmetry;
One yuan and one beam, inherit the tradition.
(5) air-drying glue
1. After the film is cut, put it on the glue drying bed to dry, and turn over the glue within a certain period of time to make the water on both sides evenly distributed.
2. In the process of air drying, the drying degree of rubber blocks is different, and it is easy to form "viscose". The traditional method is to put the glue block into a wooden box, wet it with glue, flatten the box, and then dry it. After three times of sticking bricks, stuffy air drying and air outlet, the rubber block not only keeps flat, but also dries.
Key points of glue drying process:
Cold dew and grain rain environment, three-tile and three-sun technology;
The stuffy box is upside down, and the rubber blocks are neat and flat.
(6) Glue wiping and packaging
1. After the film is dried to a specified degree, enter the glue wiping process. Wipe the surface of the rubber block with coarse cloth dipped in special water to make the six surfaces bright and shiny, with clear coarse cloth texture.
2. Print the product name or place of origin on the surface of the rubber block with Chinese herbal medicine Athena Chu.
3. Sterilize the rubber block through special channels to meet the requirements of national standards.
And 4, packaging the sterilized donkey-hide gelatin blocks to obtain the finished product.
Key points of rubber wiping packaging technology:
Wipe the coarse cloth with glue, and the cloth pattern is clear;
Athena Chu printing, brand marking;
Color like amber, black like paint;
One pack, moisture-proof and quality-guaranteed.
Part II Outstanding Value
I. Historical value:
In the process of long-term social evolution and human practice, glue gradually became a kind of medicine. By the Han Dynasty, glue had become a common medicine for doctors. There are herbal records in all previous dynasties. Ejiao has developed for more than two thousand years, which embodies the wisdom and hard work of the working people. It is a precious wealth of national cultural heritage and contains profound historical and cultural value of traditional Chinese medicine.
Second, the medicinal value:
Colla Corii Asini has obvious effects of enriching blood, stopping bleeding, enhancing immunity, resisting anoxia, cold, fatigue, radiation, muscle weakness, shock, nourishing yin and tonifying kidney, strengthening tendons and bones, diuresis and detumescence. Fupai Ejiao has stable quality, definite curative effect, convenient administration and no toxic or side effects, and is a good product for treating diseases and strengthening the body.
Third, the process value:
After more than two thousand years' practice, the production technology of Fupai Ejiao in Dong 'e Town has formed a unique technology, which is the crystallization of the long-term wisdom of working people in China. Glue-making process almost includes dozens of tedious processes such as soaking, washing, cutting, boiling, boiling, cooling, pasting, rubbing and wrapping, which is a typical representative of traditional Chinese medicine production process. The production technology of Ejiao in Dong 'e Town is the guarantee of product quality and has rich technical connotation.
Fourth, economic value:
Fupai Ejiao is famous at home and abroad for its authentic and remarkable curative effect. Overseas Chinese only recognize Fu brand, and their products are exported to more than ten countries and regions such as Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Hongkong, Taiwan Province Province, Japan and South Korea. Fujiao Group has made outstanding contributions to economy, society and human health in the reform and development of more than 50 years.
Part III Endangered State
After thousands of years of practice and exploration, Fupai Ejiao has formed a traditional production process. With the development of modern science and technology, the connotation and classic technology of traditional manufacturing technology have been gradually forgotten and diluted. In addition, the old rubber makers and technicians have retired, and the rubber-making technology that is only taught by mentoring will face the danger of being lost. Ejiao, as a "treasure of traditional Chinese medicine", contains thousands of years of traditional Ejiao history and culture, and is the historical crystallization of the collective wisdom and civilization of the Chinese nation. Effective protection is imperative.
The fourth part protection scheme and measures
First, the protection plan:
(1) Systematically excavate and sort out the production process of Ejiao, form systematic words, pictures and thematic DVDs, and systematically sort them into files;
(2) Comprehensively harness the langxi River and build it into a langxi River Park integrating ecological protection and sightseeing;
(3) Build an ecological donkey raising base in Twelve Mountains and extend the traditional industrial chain, so that the self-sufficiency rate of donkey-hide gelatin raw materials will reach 50%.
(4) Restore and build the original appearance of the traditional Ejiao workshop in Dong 'e Town in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and create a cultural tourism industry with Ejiao characteristics.
Second, the protective measures:
(1) Traditional process protection: 1. Pass on the highly skilled Ejiao in Dong 'e Town and hire it as a technical consultant and senior technician with high salary; 2. Inheriting Ejiao, an old technician who has worked for more than 30 years, is rated as a senior technician in the enterprise and has a special allowance every month. You can inherit the traditional technology of Ejiao by mentoring.
(2) Organize and protect historical documents: 1. Collect the relevant historical documents of Ejiao in Dong 'e Town and put them into the unified management of enterprise archives; 2. Making a scientific and educational film "Treasures of Traditional Chinese Medicine" and publishing a book "Ejiao in China"; 3. Collect awards, plaques and objects before the Republic of China;
(3) Effectively protect the ruins of Ejiao traditional workshops: 1. In consultation with the local government, a policy document on environmental management and protection in the langxi River Basin was issued to ensure the use of water for Ejiao. 2. Inscribe the site of Ejiao traditional workshop in Dong 'e Town before Ming and Qing Dynasties, which is on the verge of disappearing.
The production technology of Fupai Ejiao in Dong 'e Town is created and accumulated by the working people in practice, which embodies the wisdom and sweat of the working people and is a valuable national cultural heritage. On the basis of inheriting the tradition, Fujiao Group will shoulder the historical responsibility of protecting the national cultural heritage and make contributions to revitalizing the national industry, promoting the Chinese medicine culture and healthy human beings.