The ancients believed in this. For example, Jiang Wei of the Three Kingdoms is famous for his boldness? After Dou surrendered to Wei? Jiang Wei was killed in rebellion? Reflection notes. Sergeant Wei cut him open? I found him "as bold as a bucket". Are you sure? Today even the most timid person dares to say that "decision" is the function of the brain? Courage is only related to the central nervous system? It has nothing to do with gallbladder. Really? Gallbladder is a very unimportant and dispensable organ. Its function is only to store bile? Isn't bile produced by it? It is secreted by the liver to help digest fat. So even without a gallbladder? It will not have much impact on human function. Many patients with gallstones have undergone cholecystectomy? Have no guts? This does not necessarily mean that they are not as brave as others.
The ancients didn't know that the gallbladder was just a warehouse for liver secretions? But anatomically speaking, liver and gallbladder are together? It is not difficult to imagine that bravery is a "house with liver"? Hepatobiliary often put together? For example, in the five elements, all belong to wood. Eyes are also wood? So Chinese medicine believes that the eyes are the orifices of the liver and the essence of the gallbladder? Decreased bile? Your eyes will be blurred. According to the principle of supplementing what you eat. Eating gall is considered to improve eyesight? It can treat eye diseases. Gallbladder tastes extremely bitter? Still a little cold? So its traditional Chinese medicine taste belongs to "bitter?" Cold. "Chinese medicine believes that all bitter and cold things can reduce internal heat? As a gallbladder outside the liver? Of course, eating it can reduce the "liver fire" most. Therefore, the bile of all animals is considered to have the functions of "improving eyesight" and "clearing heat". Still clearing the liver? " The function of? Whatever you eat. Whether it's bear bile, pig bile, sheep bile or cow bile? Snake gall or fish gall? It should all be the same. But why is bear bile the most famous? Be regarded as a precious medicinal material? Besides being rare? I'm afraid it's the association caused by the brave image of the bear.
In modern medicine? These assumptions about the efficacy of gallbladder are unfounded and far-fetched. Bile is digestive juice secreted by the liver? Through gallbladder collection? Into the duodenum? Where does the fat in food break down into particles? This helps the digestion and absorption of fat. It is bile acid that plays this role. How many kinds of bile acids are there? Such as cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, etc. Different animals have different bile acid compositions. Compared with the bile of other animals? The composition of bear bile is a bit special. This goes back to 1900? 190 1 year? Sweden and Denmark organized two expeditions to Greenland? Where did you get the polar bear guts? Send it to Swedish biochemist Hamas Deng for research. Hamas Deng isolated an unknown bile acid from bear bile. 25 years later? This bile acid was separated and crystallized from black bear bile powder by another chemist? Found to be a common isomer of deoxycholic acid? Just call it ursodeoxycholic acid.
Although ursodeoxycholic acid was first found in bear bile? Named after a bear again? But bears are not the only ones? It also exists in the bile of other vertebrates. Just rarely? For example, ursodeoxycholic acid accounts for only about 4% of human bile acids. The content of ursodeoxycholic acid in bile acid of black bear is as high as 39%. But if you think bear bile is so special? Wrong again. The bile acid of rodent nutria also contains high content of ursodeoxycholic acid. Up to 37%. The opposite? The content of ursodeoxycholic acid in bile acids of several Xiong Ke animals is very low. For example, the lazy bear in South Asia only contains 1%? Does the South American spectacled bear contain 6%? Malay bear contains 8%. Other than the black bear, the animals with high ursodeoxycholic acid content in Xiong Ke? What about polar bears? Including 17%? Where's the brown bear? Including 19%? . Black bear, polar bear and brown bear are all animals in Xiong Ke that evolved late? They also have the highest fat content in vertebrate food and the lowest fat content in protein. Ursodeoxycholic acid has stronger ability to promote fat digestion and absorption than other bile acids? The content of ursodeoxycholic acid in black bear is high, which is obviously an adaptation to its habits? There is nothing mysterious.
Except bile acids in bile? Also contains cholesterol, bilirubin and other ingredients? They combine with bile acids to form milk droplets? Get out of your body. But sometimes the relative content of cholesterol and bilirubin is higher? Is it precipitated from bile before it can be excreted? Formed gallstones. People think? If you can take bile acid orally? Increase the content of bile acids in bile? Is it possible to dissolve gallstones? In the 1970s, the international medical community conducted a series of clinical trials? It is found that oral ursodeoxycholic acid has a certain effect on some types of gallstones. The dissolution rate is about 30? 60%。 But ursodeoxycholic acid is more expensive? And it must be taken orally for life? Once the drug is stopped, it will recur? Is not an ideal treatment. Therefore, cholecystectomy is still the first choice to treat gallstones. Since the' 80s? The international medical community has begun to study the application of ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of liver diseases? For example, for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis? It is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of this disease.
Even if ursodeoxycholic acid can be used as medicine? Where can I find so much bear gall? Fortunately, as early as 1954, chemists were able to synthesize ursodeoxycholic acid from cholic acid? Waste pig bile, cow bile and sheep bile from slaughterhouses can be used as raw materials. Ursodeoxycholic acid drugs used internationally are mostly synthetic. Only China, South Korea and Viet Nam have built many bear farms? Raising tens of thousands of black bears is to "take courage from live bears"? It is said that the method is cruel. The extracted bile is made into bear bile powder? Part of it is used as Chinese medicine for "improving eyesight and clearing liver"? Part of it is used to extract ursodeoxycholic acid. The former has no scientific basis? The latter can be replaced by synthetic ursodeoxycholic acid? So this is unnecessarily cruel? Does it exist? This is a superstition about natural medicines.
20 1 1.2. 13.