1, martial arts can generally be divided into; Boxing, equipment, sparring, team events and offensive and defensive techniques can be divided into five categories.
2. The "four strikes" in the basic skills of Changquan refer to kicking, hitting, throwing and taking. "Twelve shapes" refers to movement, stillness, starting, falling, standing, standing, turning, folding, fast, slow, light and heavy.
3. There are five schools in Tai Ji Chuan: Chen, Yang, Wu, Wu and Sun.
4. Tai Chi tuishou is used by two people according to certain rules: pressing, caressing, squeezing, pressing, picking, pumping, elbow and leaning. A fighting sport in which opponents are defeated by techniques such as attack and defense.
Second, the noun explanation
1, martial arts; Wushu is a traditional sport with Chinese culture as the theoretical basis, means of attack and defense as the basic content, and routine, fighting and Wushu as the main sports forms.
2. The fist is long; Changquan is a general term for a boxing. After the founding of New China, the former State Sports Commission comprehensively compiled and compiled the Changquan, which was widely circulated among the masses, including tea, flowers, buns, red, bitter legs and Shaolin.
3. Taiji Chuan; Tai Ji Chuan is a kind of gentle and gentle boxing, which combines all kinds of boxing, ancient biography and breathing, and absorbs classical philosophy and Chinese medicine theory.
Three, short answer (each question 10, ***20 points)
1. What are the characteristics and functions of Wushu?
Characteristics of Wushu:
1, combining martial arts with sports.
2. Both form and spirit.
3. Wide adaptability and rich content.
The role of Wushu;
1 Enhance physical self-defense:
2 Exercise will and cultivate moral sentiment
3. Watching sports and enriching cultural life.
4 exchange skills and enhance friendship
Four, essay questions (20 points)
1. What are the benefits of practicing Tai Ji Chuan for a long time?
(A) the impact on the nervous system
Tai Ji Chuan exercise needs relaxation, calmness and conscious guidance, which can adjust the transformation of excitation and inhibition mechanism in cerebral cortex. When practicing Tai Ji Chuan, the activity of motor area of cerebral cortex can be excited, while other areas of cerebral cortex are inhibited due to negative induction. Therefore, practicing Tai Ji Chuan after intense study and work can change the exciting area of the cerebral cortex and make the brain better regulated and rested.
(B) the impact on the sports system
Tai Ji Chuan particularly emphasized that the lumbar spine (outer central axis) is driven by the inner central axis, which in turn drives the joints, making the whole martial arts movements inside and outside the human body relaxed, slow and mellow. This will inevitably stimulate the various systems of the human body, especially the waist and limbs, enhance their flexibility, coordination and strength, make the bones and muscles of the human body have elasticity and strength, and strengthen the fixity and stability of joints and bones, thus ensuring the normal activities of joints and bones.
(3) Effects on respiratory system and digestive system
Taijiquan moves gently and slowly, guiding the internal qi to run through the five internal organs with the movement. Deep, long, thin and even abdominal breathing is a deep and long breathing action, mainly focusing on diaphragm activity. Because the diaphragm moves up and down greatly, the volume of the chest cavity increases, the negative pressure in the chest cavity increases, and the passive elongation and contraction force of the elastic fiber network in the alveolar wall increases, thus enhancing the strength of the diaphragm and the auxiliary respiratory muscles and the elasticity of the elastic fibers in the alveolar wall, improving the elasticity of lung tissue and improving the full potential ventilation capacity of the lung.
(d) Effects on cardiovascular system and immune system.
Tai Ji Chuan exercise, as a mild aerobic exercise, can enhance the activity of parasympathetic nerve and reduce the activity of sympathetic nerve, thus reducing the sensitivity to stress and improving immune function.
(5) Balance yin and yang, and harmonize qi and blood.
According to the Taiji theory and the basic theory of Chinese medicine, Tai Ji Chuan communicated with zang-fu organs through meridians, activated qi and blood, nourished zang-fu organs, and regulated the functional activities of zang-fu organs, thus achieving the function of health care and keeping the human body in a normal healthy state. Meridian is the channel of human qi and blood circulation, which is closely related to human physiology and pathology. If the meridians are unblocked, you will be healthy; if the meridians are blocked, you will get sick. Tai Ji Chuan's practice methods and approaches are different, but the fundamental purpose is to train the internal qi, run the internal qi through the twelve meridians, odd meridians and eight veins, and get through the big and small days, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing and treating diseases and strengthening the body.