In winter, people's appetite has increased, but this does not mean that the human body needs more calories in winter, which is caused by the change of the operation of the "hormone clock" when the climate is cold.

Scientific research has found that cold in winter affects the endocrine system of human body, which increases the secretion of thyroxine and adrenaline, thus promoting and accelerating the decomposition of protein, fat and carbohydrate, enhancing the body's ability to keep out the cold, resulting in excessive loss of heat.

Therefore, nutrition in winter should be based on increasing heat energy, and foods rich in carbohydrates and fats can be properly ingested.

For people who are weak and have no serious diseases, they can appropriately choose some foods that can be used as medicine and food according to their physical conditions, such as red dates, Euryale ferox seeds, coix seed, peanut kernel, walnut kernel, black sesame, yam, lentils, longan, hawthorn, maltose and so on. , with nutritious food, so as to achieve the purpose of keeping out the cold and tonic.

For obese people, winter is a good time to lose weight and control obesity. At this time, obese people should eat less dinner and arrange lightly. Because the nutrients ingested by the human body are easy to be converted into fat and stored at night, at the same time, there is little activity at night. If the dinner is rich, it is easy to cause blood lipids to rise and deposit on the blood vessel wall, laying a hidden danger for arteriosclerosis.

Women should increase their intake of inorganic salts and vitamins in winter, especially calcium and iron. Old people, children, people with weak constitution or patients with chronic consumptive diseases have poor physiological cold tolerance, and the cold is a great threat to them, especially the need for high-quality protein.

Protein, fat and carbohydrate should keep a reasonable proportion, accounting for 13%- 15%, 25%-35% and 60%-70% respectively.

Old people should often eat coarse grains, miscellaneous grains and potatoes in winter. Such as corn, buckwheat, oats, sweet potatoes, potatoes, goat's milk, rabbit meat, animal liver, animal blood, tofu, sesame paste, brown sugar, shrimp, shrimp skin, colorful leafy vegetables, etc. are all suitable for winter eating.

Second, how do college entrance examination candidates adjust their biological clocks?

After a long period of review and preparation, many candidates have formed the habit of staying up late. Some people are even too lazy to get excited until around 10: 00 in the morning. If you are still in this physiological state when you arrive at the college entrance examination, it will be very unfavorable. You should pay attention to adjusting your biological clock.

The biological clock of human body is a long-term physiological reaction. If you want to adjust to the best state, you should start about half a month before the exam. The first exam of the college entrance examination usually starts at 9 am. If candidates want to ensure that they have enough energy and moderate excitement, they should arrange their daily life completely according to the schedule and gradually adjust their biological clocks during the college entrance examination.

The first step is to get rid of the habit of staying up late and not sleep late the next morning. Specifically, you must go to sleep before 22: 00 every night and get up around 6: 00 ~ 6: 30 the next morning. After getting up and washing, exercise, read a few pages of review materials, and then have breakfast at around 7: 30.

So around 9 o'clock, the whole person has gradually entered an excited state. In order to adapt to the exam, candidates can find some papers and try to do them between 9: 00 and 1 1: 00. In this way, you can review and feel moderately nervous.

Third, according to the principle of biological clock, reasonably arrange the rhythm of waking up and working and studying.

Due to the change of human biological clock, the functions of different areas of cerebral cortex also change from time to time. The research results show that:

8 ~ 1 1 am is the best time to organize, plan, write and carry out some creative thinking activities. It's best to finish the most difficult task of the day at this time. At the same time, the pain is the least sensitive at this time, and it is most appropriate to see a dentist at this time.

1 1 ~ 12 The early morning is the best time for a meeting, when people are most awake. It's easy to solve problems and make some complicated decisions during this time.

12: 00- 2:00 pm, the joyful mood reaches its climax during the day, which is suitable for business and social activities.

From 2 pm to 4 pm, there will be a so-called "afternoon depression period". It's easy to get sleepy at this time. It is best to take a nap, or make some necessary phone calls, do some interesting reading, and try to avoid boring activities.

At 4 ~ 6 pm, the human body was freed from the "trough period" and its thinking became active again. At this time, you can do the more important work of the day. And this is a good time for long-term memory.

From 5 to 7 pm, the temperature of the human body is the highest, so doing some exercise at this time will help you fall asleep smoothly at night and improve the quality of sleep.

7 ~ 10 in the evening can discuss some serious family topics, which is also the best time to study.

At night 1 1 ~ 12, the human body is ready to rest, and the activities of various organs are extremely slow, so it falls asleep.

Extended data:

The biological clock has four functions: prompting time, prompting events, maintaining state and forbidding.

1, prompt time

It means that you must do something at a certain time. At this time, you will automatically think of it. For example, if you want to get up at 6 o'clock the next morning, you will get up automatically. In real life, most things are prompted by time, such as when to go to work, meet someone at a certain time, send flowers to your lover's birthday, April Fool's Day, catch the bus and so on.

2. Prompt events

It means that when you encounter one thing, the biological clock can automatically remind you of another. For example, if someone asks you to send something to A, when you meet A, the function of the biological clock will automatically come into play, so that you can immediately think of this entrusted thing.

When you see something, "souvenir" (a kind of memory) most often comes to your mind. For example, when you see a panda, you will think it is a national treasure of China, it likes to eat bamboo, it is a symbol of friendship in China, and so on.

For example, if you see a difficult problem, you will mobilize many memory blocks and solve it in the combination of some rules. This series of things must start with what you have learned in the past many years. This knowledge will not appear in your brain for no reason, but it can appear in your brain in turn under the action of biological clock.

Step 3: Stay in shape

Refers to the power that people can persist in doing something when doing it. For example, working for eight hours is the result of the biological clock, and for example, people's eyes can concentrate when looking at something, which is also the result. When attention turns from vision to hearing, it is also the result of biological clock, which is the role of reminding events.

However, if you want to finish a class, you must use this function of biological clock to finish it, otherwise you will be sleepy or even skip class. This kind of maintenance can be continuous or intermittent. For example, the maintenance between you and your lover's family is intermittent, because you can't stay at home for a long time and do nothing. You have to go to work, tie a knot and get something.

4, prohibit function

It means that a certain function or behavior of the body can be terminated by the biological clock. For example, when you see a terrible event (such as an earthquake), you may run away no matter what you are doing. This escape is the end of what you have done before. For example, you are concentrating on surfing the Internet and your father calls. Your biological clock is working when you stop surfing the internet.

Without this function, one will never stop doing things, such as sleeping. Without this termination, this person will sleep for a long time and become a vegetable. The etiology of vegetative state may be related to the loss of control of this function.

Compared with these four functions, there are four corresponding centers in the human brain: time center, space center, function center and termination center.

Baidu encyclopedia-biological clock