Gongsun Maojing is from Hechuan Fucheng. He was a big man, eager to learn when he was a teenager, and read many classic and history books. When I was in Wei, I visited Xiaolian and shot commendable. Later, he was promoted to Dr. Taichang (the official in charge of sacrificial rites and music) and did many good things. At that time, people praised him as a "library" because he was knowledgeable. He was a great official in the Tang Dynasty and an official in Dali, both of whom were competent. After the demise of Qi, Emperor Wu of Zhou heard his name and summoned him to talk, which made him highly valued. He was appointed as the magistrate of northern Hebei, and later resigned for fear that his mother would be left unattended.
In the early years of Huang Kai (the title of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty), Liang Wudi summoned him, appointed him as the prefect of Runan, and was promoted to the secretariat of Xizhou. During his tenure, the laws and regulations were clear and the social atmosphere was good. In the battle of Chen Ping, when soldiers fell ill during the March, he reduced his salary to buy soup and medicine for the soldiers, so people came to help him, so thousands of people survived.
When the emperor heard about it, he admired him very much and ordered his deeds to be shown to people all over the world. When he was the governor of Daozhou, he spent all his salary on calves, chickens and pigs, and distributed them to the lonely, the old and the weak who could not support themselves. He likes to ride a horse alone to inspect people's living conditions. He is very close to every family. When he sees those who are capable and ethical, he will praise them in front of the public. If there are mistakes and bad deeds, they will be reprimanded and taught immediately, but they will not be made public. From then on, people helped each other and exchanged what they needed. Men help each other to farm the fields, and women spin together. A big village or hundreds of families is like a family. Later, the court appointed officials, and the emperor gave priority to him. When he was in Renshou Middle School, Yang Ji, a public official of the Ming Dynasty, went to Hebei and saw that Mao Jing's spirit was still there. When he came back, he played it in the imperial court, so he was promoted, appointed as the secretariat of Linzi, and given a sedan chair for horses and chariots to facilitate his appointment.
During his previous terms, his achievements were remarkable, and all critics called him a good shepherd (good official). In the early years of Daye (Yang Dinian), he died in office at the age of 87 in Rigang, posthumous title.
There were thousands of mourners all over the country on the day of burial. Some people couldn't attend the funeral, so they all cried in the direction of his grave and set off to sacrifice on the road.
2. Original text
Gongsun Maojing was born in Hejian Fucheng. He looks burly, less studious and has a general history of Bo Gu. In Weilian, he shot the first division. Dr. Taichang (the official in charge of sacrificial rites and music) moved a little, and there were many gains and losses. At that time, it was called "stack". Dali is famous for its prosperous Tang Dynasty. Qi destroyed, and Emperor Wu of Zhou heard and summoned. With language, equipment. He was named the satrap of northern Hebei, and later worried about his mother.
At the beginning of the Emperor (the title of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty), the magistrate of Ru 'nan was called to move to the government to be the secretariat, the law was quiet, and the morality was transformed into a big library. In the battle of Chen Ping, people were recruited to get sick during the journey. Mao Jing's salary reduction is a decoction, with Fang Zhen's help, and thousands of people make a living from it. Go to Wen Jia and announce the world. I went to the state secretariat and learned that I bought calves, chickens and pigs with my salary and distributed the benefits to the lonely and weak. Be good at riding and patrolling, home to home, and study private business. Those who have practice will meet in the capital and praise them; If there is evil, discipline it, but don't show it. Therefore, it is a family matter to let people get what they need, with men helping to cultivate and women following suit. After that, please be an official and let it go. In the middle of Renshou, Ming Taizu Yangji went to Hebei and saw that Mao Jing's immortal power was also played in form, so he worshipped Linzi's secretariat and named him Ma Yu, a service road official. Before and after the calendar, there are good strategies, which are called good grazing.
At the beginning of Daye (Yang Dinian), he became an official and died at the age of 87. On the day of his death, thousands of people went to the funeral. Or it is better to be buried, looking at the grave and wailing, and leaving for the wild sacrifice.
3. The term "official" first appeared in Sima Qian's Biography of Historical Records, and was later inherited by Hanshu, Houhanshu and the Draft of Qing History, which became a fixed style in the official history to describe that local officials at the state and county levels attached importance to agriculture, education, honesty, prosperity and thinking.
Honest officials are law-abiding officials, and to put it bluntly, they are good officials. A really good official is admired by the people.
2. What are the notional words in the classical Chinese "One Mountain in Gong Yu"? The notional words in the classical Chinese Gong Yuyishan are:
Different meanings of ancient and modern times
(1) means
Ancient meaning: straight, always present meaning: finger; finger
(2) Zeng
Ancient meaning: Lian? Du Jinyi: Once.
(3) hair
Ancient meaning: vegetation today meaning: hair
4. Yang
Ancient meaning: Shan Zhinan, north of water, modern meaning: the sun.
(5) Yin
Ancient meaning: the north of the mountain, the south of the water; Modern meaning: cloudy day.
(6)
Ancient meaning: to the present meaning: various, many.
7. Interest
Ancient meaning: sigh, modern meaning: rest
(8) although
Ancient meaning: Even today; although
(9) has been
Ancient meaning: stop now meaning: already.
(10) party
Ancient meaning: modern meaning of Fiona Fang: it often refers to a rectangle.
(1 1) Punishment
Ancient meaning: suffering, existence. . Today's suffering: punishment
(12) Bitter
Ancient meaning: sadness today meaning: pain
Flexible use of parts of speech
1 risk: adjectives as nouns, the mountain is steep.
2 baskets: nouns are used flexibly as verbs (also can be said as adverbials), and baskets are packed.
3 sides: nouns as adverbials, facing.
4 poly: use, manufacture. . Gathering is equivalent to: "put. . Get together. "
polysemy
1 He is afraid that he is like an auxiliary word and strengthens the rhetorical tone.
With the help of the monarch, the independence of the subject-predicate sentence was abolished, and the emperor's pronoun was informed, and the emperor's pronoun jumped to the pronoun of help, referring to Yu Gong.
3, 90 years, and soon there will be no earth and stone.
4. Why did you set up mud and stones? Where do interrogative pronouns begin to emphasize mood?
5. Living in front of the mountain, explain why the decoration is bitter and uneven, explain the undertaking, and explain the turning point.
Common words
1 refers to southern Henan. "Finger" means "straight" and always has been.
2 cold and summer are easy to celebrate, and the beginning is the opposite. "Reverse" means "return", round trip.
Too bad you don't like it. "Hui" means "Hui", smart.
4 meandering support measures die in response. "Death" means "nothing", nothing.
5 error-prone yongnan. "Cuo" means "quantity", placing.
6 No rest. "Long" leads to "long", highland
3. Who has the original translation of Official Biography of Qing Dynasty? Zhangyan is from Changzhou, Jiangsu.
In the seventeenth year of Kangxi, he was awarded the title of magistrate in Dengfeng and took office. I stayed in the county for three days and vowed not to accept a penny of bribes and not to wronged a good man.
In front of the yamen stood a huge stone with four words engraved on it: "Eliminate the private faction forever." A cabinet was set up to collect opinions, and the people threw their envelopes in. There are never any letters left.
He summoned the exiles and urged them to farm the fields. He inspected the land conditions and crops suitable for planting there, and then urged people to plant kapok and various fruit trees.
The school was also overhauled and Songyang Academy, one of the four major academies in the Song Dynasty, was restored. Mang Zhang hired Geng Jie as a teacher to teach students with Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism.
2 1 school has been established from the county seat to remote areas. He examines students, checks them regularly, corrects students' sentence reading, and teaches them the manners of advancing and retreating.
In his spare time, he rides a donkey to visit the poor and ask for help. If there are minor disputes, they will be settled on the spot.
This place, Ludian in the west of the county, has always been easy to go to court. Mang Zhang reviewed Zhang Wen's talent, recommended him as a village convention, and asked him to educate and guide the people, thus completely changing the dishonest folk customs.
Shen Errui, the village chief, will be whipped if he owes taxes. If he finds the tax used by others to pay taxes on the way, he will return the tax to others, preferring to be accused rather than profit from other people's money. Zhang Biao thought he was virtuous and praised him.
The farmer died of high school. His wife Meng was young, and her father-in-law wanted to force her to get married. Meng Shi wept bitterly in front of her husband's grave and prepared to hang himself.
Zhang Biao happened to change clothes and travel and asked him why he was crying. Knowing the situation, he gave her money and rice to go home, thus exempting her from the corvee. Give her condolences every year and keep her moral integrity.
There used to be many officials in the county government. At that time, the number of lawsuits was decreasing day by day, and there was no place for treachery and fraud. Most small officials have gone home. Those who take turns to take charge of ceremonial duties, when they have nothing to do, go home and pick up farm tools to do farm work, because there is no way to make money in the government.
After five years in power, the people knew that they were on the right track and their living savings were increasing day by day, so they wrote the four characters "Guanqing Folk Music" at their doorstep. I once lamented: "In recent years, the Song and Luo areas seem to have become another world!" In the 22nd year of Kangxi, Mang Zhang was recommended to be promoted as a judge of Nanning because of his outstanding talent.
On the day he left, the people stopped crying and built ancestral temples for him everywhere, making statues and offering sacrifices to him.
4. What are the notional words in classical Chinese? There are 150 notional words in the appendix of Chinese Teaching Syllabus for Full-time Senior High Schools (Trial Revision). In order to facilitate students' systematic study, the polysemy of these 150 notional words is systematically sorted out, and the meaning of each word is basically based on the interpretation of Ci Hai, as far as possible.
For individual explanations that are not commonly used, in order to reduce the burden on students, no income will be given. 1, AI 2, An 3, Bo 4, Bei 5, Bei 6, Ben 7, Bi 8, Bing 9, Bing 10, Cha1,Chang 12, Chao1. Except 19, Chuan 20, the word 2 1, from 22, Da 23, almost 24, Yan 25, Dang 26, Dao 27, De 28, Degree 29, Short 30, Yu 3 1, Fa 32, Fang 33, Fei 34, etc. Over 44, he was 45, hated 46, then 47, Hu 48, suffered from 49, or 50, was sick 5 1, and there was 52, that is, 53, 54, fake 55, intermittent 56, see 57, solve 58, enter 59, do 60, and just 6 1. 7 1, mo 72, nai 73, nei 74, sentence 75, period 76, odd 77, move 78, please 79, poor 80, beg 8 1, go 82, persuade 83, but 84, such as 85, if 86, good 87, slightly 88. Among them, 97, 98, No.99, spike 100, rate10/,saying 102, private 103, vegetarian 104, soup/kloc-. Back 1 10, dead 1 1, king1/2, king 1 13, evil1/kloc. Xie 1 18,19, Xin 120, Xing12, Hang 122, Xing/kloc-0. Yi 129, Yi 130, Yi 13 1, Yi 132, Yin 133, Yin 134, right/kloc-. Let 14 1, Zhi 142, Zhi 143, Zhi 144, Zhu 145, Thief 146, Family/kloc-.
Grace. The ancient legacy of love is also left-handed.
(Wu Guang Su Ai. Chen She family) These four monarchs are wise and loyal, generous and loving.
"On Qin") 2 Love and care. Parents love their children deeply.
Touch the dragon to tell the queen) (Love your son, choose a teacher and teach him. "Teacher said") 3 idle, reluctant.
Although Qi is young, he doesn't like cows. I don't like places where treasures are valued and precious.
"On Qin") 4 Unfortunately. Ai Ermao (poor white-haired old man)
(Zuo Zhuan) At this point of state affairs, I can't help loving my body. (preface to the guide to southern China) (5) preach "",hide, hide.
Love without seeing, scratching your head. ("Jing Nv") (3) adjectives.
Mean. All people love the king.
(History of Qi Huan) 2. An adjective (1). 1 comfortable, comfortable.
A gentleman doesn't think enough, and he doesn't think about safety. ("The Analects? After two years as an official, I feel at ease.
("Pipa Travel") 2 Steady. The wind and rain are calm as a mountain.
("The hut was broken by the autumn wind") ③ Safe. Xie Zhuang Suian.
(Feng Wanzhen) (4) Diazepam. Not suffering from widowhood and inequality, not suffering from poverty and anxiety.
("Ji Jiangfa") 2 verbs. 1 healthy.
Food and clothing are safe, and those who dare to specialize will be divided. (Cao Gui Debate) ② Resettlement, resettlement.
Wang Ping camped ten miles from the mountain. (Lost Street Pavilion) (3) Stabilize ...
Let nature take its course ("Ji will cut") 3 pronouns.
Where and how. Pei Hongan is here.
Swallows know the ambition of swans! (Chen She aristocratic family) 3. Bei (1) noun. Quilt.
During the day and night, I fell to the ground. (the death of Yang Xiu) ② Verbs.
① Covering. The heavy snow crossed the mountains and hit several states in South Vietnam.
(Answer to Wei Zhongli's Book "Teacher's Way") After a while, I got home and heard my wife's words, like being hit by snow. ("Promoting Weaving") 2 Bitter, encounter.
The king of Qin hit the cave again and was beaten eight times. ("Jing Ke Stabbed the King of Qin") There is hunger in the world, and it is also a trip to heaven.
(On Accumulation and Storage) 3 Application, application and. Go to chaos and be treated by chaos.
("Xunzi? Be careful) (3) prepositions. It means passive.
Believe and see doubt, be loyal and slander. ("Biography of Qu Yuan") (4) Pi, tong "Pi", verb.
(1) to wear or wear on the body. The general is strong and sharp.
("Chen She Family") Loose and covered. As for Qu Yuan by the river, he was released to sing on the banks of Zehe River.
(Biography of Qu Yuan) 4. Double (1) verb. ① Double copies.
Although the rewards and punishments are doubled, chaos is inevitable. ("Five Cheaps") One person pays 20 gold, and the bones are slightly injured ... One person is twice as bad and hurts the skin.
("Prison Miscellaneous Notes") ② Increase. How to use a dead neighbor to double Zheng?
("Candle Debate on Qin Shi") ③ Turn your back and turn your back. Guan Zhong turned his back, went in, stood on the screen, and the public did not speak.
("pipe? Zhongkuang) Right Houshan. ("Biography of Huaiyin Hou") 4 Pass "back" and violate it.
Do it twice, and the world can't make it auspicious. ("Xunzi? Heaven) 5 betrayal.
I hope I dare not double my virtue. ("Hongmen Banquet") (2) Quantifiers.
Add the original number once. However, 30 years ago, the number of registered permanent residence increased fivefold.
I have ten times as much land today, please be wider than you. ("Tang drama does not live up to its mission") (3) adverbs.
More and more, more and more. I am a lonely stranger in a strange land, and I miss my family more often during the holidays.
("Holidays in the Mountains Think of Brothers in Shandong") 5. This (1) noun. (1) roots of plants.
Lotus is slightly different from flowers and plants, but it has roots and no trees. (Lotus) 2 The stem of vegetation.
Shake it to see its density. (biography of planting trees and camels) 3 fundamental.
Parents are the foundation of people. (Biography of Qu Yuan) The way to moisten ink is based on universal love.
(The Legend of the Wolf in Zhongshan) 4 This industry refers to farming and mulberry. Strengthen cost saving.
Today's people eat a lot, which is a major disability in the world. (On Accumulation and Storage) 5 Manuscripts.
We can't waste what we have today. (Preface to the Southern Tour Guide (⑥ Edition).
All the ancient books and records were printed on the blackboard. (Trap) 7 Play with this book.
Have a unique chapter. ("prison miscellaneous notes") (2) quantifiers.
A plant called a plant.
5. The content words and function words in Gong Yu Yishan are: danger, face, and the function words are: meaning and righteousness.
1. Gather in the room, make a plan and say, "I'll try my best to get to Hanyin through southern Henan, ok?" Danger: Adjectives are used as nouns, meaning steep mountains.
Interpretation of the vernacular: Call the whole family to discuss and say, "I will try my best to level the steep mountain with you, so that the road will go all the way to the south of Yuzhou and reach the south bank of Hanshui, okay?"
2. A fool in Beishan, 90 years old, lives near the mountain. Face: Nouns as adverbials mean to face.
Vernacular Interpretation: There is a man named Gong Yu below Beishan. He is almost 90 years old and lives directly opposite the mountain.
3. punish the mountain north and go in and out of it. Quality: used between subject and predicate.
Vernacular interpretation: He is suffering from congestion in the northern mountainous area, and he has to detour when he comes out or goes in.
4. His wife expressed doubt: "With your strength, you can't destroy the mountain of the patriarch. Relying on: relying on.
Interpretation of the vernacular: His wife questioned: "With your strength, even the mountain of the rich can't be leveled."
Extended data
Writing background:
The Warring States period is a period of great social change, and it is also a period of academic thought contending. Fable, as an important part of the essays of the philosophers, has become a powerful weapon for the philosophers of the Warring States to clarify their political views, academic thoughts and arguments.
Liezi is a collection of fables and fairy tales created under this background. This article is selected from the fifth chapter of Liezi Tang Wen. It tells the story of Yugong digging a mountain despite difficulties and finally moving it away by the Emperor of Heaven. It also shows that under the condition of extremely underdeveloped productive forces at that time, people can only fantasize about conquering nature with the help of a god with superhuman strength.
About the author:
Liezi was a representative figure of Taoism in the early Warring States period. Famous Kou, also known as Yu Kou ("Liezi" is the honorific title for him by later generations), was born in Putian (now Zhengzhou City, Henan Province) in the Zhou Dynasty, and the ancient emperor was later than Khan. One of the ten outstanding figures in pre-Qin Dynasty, he was a famous Taoist scholar, thinker, philosopher, writer and educator.
Liezi, a thinker in the early Warring States period, was a contemporary of Zheng Miaogong, another representative figure of Taoist thought besides Laozi and Zhuangzi. His knowledge originated from the Yellow Emperor Laozi, and he advocated to wait and see. At the end of Han Dynasty, there were eight volumes of Liezi in the Taoist part of Ban Gu's Yi Wen Zhi. It has a far-reaching influence on later philosophy, aesthetics, literature, science and technology, health preservation, music and religion.
Liezi, whose theory originated from Huangdi Laozi, belongs to Laozi and Zhuangzi. The pre-Qin school of philosophy (Liezixue) was established. He is an important successor of Taoist school between Laozi and Zhuangzi.
6. Fan Zhongyan studied classical Chinese words hard to explain the extracurricular reading of classical Chinese in junior high school and its answers (1) Wen Zhiming's calligraphy Chronicle of the Book Forest was written by Wen Zhiming, and the book was greatly improved at the rate of ten volumes a day.
I have lived in books all my life, and I have never hesitated, or simply answered people, and I have never taken pains again and again, so the older I get, the more subtle I am. Wen Zhiming supervised the writing of Wenziwen, with ten books written every day as the standard, and calligraphy made rapid progress.
He has never been careless in writing all his life. Sometimes answering people's letters is a bit incomplete. I must have rewritten it three times and five times, not afraid of trouble.
Therefore, the older he is, the more exquisite and beautiful his calligraphy becomes. Reading training 1. Explain the words added in the following sentences: ① This book has made great progress; 2 Born in a book; (3) Wen Zhiming wrote a thousand words; (4) or reply to people's letters; 2. Translate "if you are not careful, you will never get tired of watching it" into modern Chinese.
Summarize the center of this passage in one sentence. A: (2) Xue Tan studied from the original text. Xue Tan studied from Qin Qing, but he said that he had lost his skills and resigned.
Make a short stop in Fuzhi, farewell dinner in the suburb of Qu, fondle elegy, and make a deafening noise. Tan Xue is shooting the other side. He never dares to answer his words all his life.
Xue Tan learned to sing with Qin Qing, but he didn't finish learning Qin Qing's skills. He thought he had finished learning and left for home. Qin Qing did not dissuade him, but gave him a farewell dinner on the roadside outside the city. Qin Qing patted the festival and sang an elegy.
The song shook the trees and the sound stopped the clouds. Tan Xue then apologized to Qin Qing and asked to come back to continue his studies.
From then on, he never dared to say that he wanted to go home. Reading training 1. Explain the meaning of the following additional words in the text
Qin Qing, check it. ② Very loud.
2. One of the following sentences with incorrect usage and meaning judgment is () A.① is the same as ②, ③ is different from ④ B.① is different from ②, ③ is the same as ④ C.① is the same as ②, ③ is the same as ④ D.① is different from ②, ③ is different from ④. 4. What did this story inspire you? A: Five. Does Xue Tan have any merits? If so, what is it? A: (3) Fan Zhongyan is interested in the world. Fan Zhongyan is two years old, lonely, poor and helpless.
I have little ambition, and I take the world as my responsibility every time. I either study hard or stay out at night and need to face the water. No food, just read with porridge. As an official, every passionate talk about what's going on in the world is desperate.
Even after being slandered, Dengzhou was protected by the government. ‖ Zhong Yan works hard and is self-motivated. He doesn't care about meat, and his wife just has enough food and clothing.
I often say to myself: "A scholar worries about the world first, and then enjoys the world." Fan Zhongyan lost his father at the age of two, and his family was poor and helpless.
When he was young, he was ambitious and often washed his face with cold water. I often can't even eat rice, so I eat porridge and insist on reading.
After he became an official, he often talked about world events and risked his life. So that some people were demoted for saying bad things, and they were demoted to Dengzhou secretariat by participating in government affairs.
Fan Zhongyan tempered himself badly, eating little meat, and his wife and children only took care of themselves. He often recites two sentences in his works: "Scholars worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world."
Reading training 1. Read and explain the words added in the following sentences. Pronunciation while eating porridge: Righteousness: ② Don't cry for water: Righteousness: ③ Eating without making a sound: Righteousness: ④ Even being slandered: Righteousness: 2. The correct translation of "taking the world as one's responsibility" is () A. Taking the world's major events as one's responsibility every day.
B. I often regard managing state affairs as my due responsibility. C. I often regard world affairs as my due task.
D. take charge of state affairs every day. 3. The following sentences have been translated into modern Chinese.
(1) If you are in a daze at night, you need water to wash your face. (2) The wife is only self-sufficient in food and clothing. (4) The level of this text has been drawn in the text. Please summarize the meaning briefly. 1235. "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later" is a famous sentence in the Yueyang Tower written by Fan Zhongyan. Like this article, this sentence has played a role in this article.
(4) When Sima Wengong, the original text of sima guang studious's Records of the Words and Actions of Famous Officials in the Three Dynasties, was young, he was asked that he was not a human being, lived in groups and taught, and all his brothers strolled into chanting; You can recite it twice if you are alone. Those who work harder will go further, and what they recite will be unforgettable for life.
Wen Gong once said: "You can't recite a book, or recite its words and think about its meaning at once, or you can get more when you don't sleep in the middle of the night." When Sima Guang was a child, he was worried that his ability to recite poetry books was not as good as others.
Everyone studied and discussed together, and the other brothers had already finished reciting, so they went to play and have a rest; (Sima Guang) A person studies hard, concentrating and studying hard as Dong Zhongshu and Confucius did when they were studying, until they can recite skillfully. There is more energy in reading now, and the gains will be long-term. The books he intensively reads and recites will be unforgettable for life. Sima Guang once said: "You can't read without reciting. When you are riding and walking, when you can't sleep in the middle of the night, recite the article you have read and think about its meaning, and you will gain more! " Reading training 1. Explain the words added in the following sentences.
(1) If you don't remember what disease you have, you can recite it twice, but you can stop. (3) If you can recite it twice, you can stop. (2) Different from the usage of "Time" in "Time", (a) Only in the hands of slaves. B.you can only see beauty. C. all the guests are neck and eyes. D. Beijing is kind. B.what he has mastered will never be forgotten.
C. this book must be recited. D. recite the text, think about its meaning, and get more.
In the article, "I am the only one who should study hard" only refers to Sima Guang. We have learned a similar idiom, which also describes diligence in reading. This idiom is (5) Ouyang Xiu studied the original story of Ouyang Gong. Ouyang Gong is four years old and lonely. His family is poor and has no money.
Mrs. Tai draws the ground with a shovel and teaches it with calligraphy. Recite many ancient chapters.
And it's a little longer, and there are no books to read at home, so I borrowed them from scholars or copied them. Even forget to eat and sleep, but reading is a service.
Poetry and prose written since childhood, to adulthood. Mr. Ouyang Xiu's father died when he was four years old. His family is poor and has no money to study.
The wife wrote on the beach with a reed pole and taught him to write. And taught him to read many ancient chapters.
When I am old and have no books to read at home, I go to a nearby reader's house to borrow books, sometimes.