The main components are resin 50% ~ 55%, beeswax 30% ~ 40% and pollen 5% ~ 10%. The main functional components are flavonoids, including chrgsin, kaempferol, galangin, quercetin, etc. (about 10%), 10- hydroxy-α-decenoic acid, terpene, HAD, royal jelly acid.
Properties reddish brown to greenish brown powder, or brown resinous solid, with fragrance. Wax will separate when heated. Can be dispersed in water, but insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol.
physiological function
1. Regulate blood sugar. It can significantly reduce blood sugar, reduce insulin dosage, quickly restore normal blood sugar, and eliminate symptoms such as thirst and hunger. Can prevent and treat complications caused by diabetes. According to the test, the total effective rate is about 40%. Propolis itself is a natural broad-spectrum antibiotic, which has the efficacy of sterilization and anti-inflammation. Diabetic patients have high blood sugar content, low immunity and are prone to inflammation. Propolis can detoxify and diminish inflammation, effectively control infection and gradually improve the symptoms of "three more and one less". The mechanism of propolis in lowering blood sugar and preventing complications may be as follows:
(1) Flavonoids and terpenoids in propolis can promote the synthesis of hepatic glycogen, thus lowering blood sugar. Moreover, this regulation is two-way and will not reduce the blood sugar content of normal people.
(2) Propolis can not only resist bacteria and diminish inflammation, but also activate cells and promote tissue regeneration. Therefore, it can restore the function of islet cells with pathological changes and loss of secretion function, thus reducing blood sugar content.
(3) Flavonoids can reduce blood lipid and improve blood circulation, thus preventing and treating vascular complications.
(4) Flavonoids and glycosides in propolis can enhance adenosine triphosphate (ATP) enzyme. ATP is the energy source of the body, which can increase the activity of enzymes and ATP content and promote the recovery of the body.
(5) It contains calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, chromium and other elements, which has certain significance for activating insulin, improving glucose tolerance and regulating pancreatic cell function.
Therefore, the preventive and therapeutic effect of propolis on diabetes is the result of the synergistic effect of many factors.
2. Regulate blood lipids and improve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Flavonoids in propolis can obviously reduce the contents of cholesterol and triglyceride in blood, so it can be used to prevent hyperlipidemia and its cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, it can improve the elasticity and permeability of blood vessels, dilate blood vessels, reduce blood viscosity and improve blood circulation. It can effectively prevent the increase of collagen fibers in blood vessels and inhibit platelet aggregation. Conducive to the protection of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
3. Regulating immune function and assisting in tumor suppression. After years of research, its main functions are:
(1) A large number of flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, naphthoquinones, etc. contained in propolis have the functions of regulating immunity (increasing macrophage activity, etc.). ) and inhibit tumor cells such as lung cancer cells and liver cancer cells in vitro.
(2) Propolis is a natural antioxidant, which can remove excess free radicals in the body, thus avoiding the destruction of normal tissues and cells.
(3) antivirus. It is believed that virus is the cause of tumor, and virus causes gene mutation, which leads to tumor. Therefore, substances with bactericidal and antiviral activities can be used to inhibit tumors.
(4) Enzymes in propolis can decompose the cellulose of tumor cells, thus preventing the metastasis of tumor cells.
4. Anti-oxidation can delay aging and eliminate free radicals, thus achieving the purpose of beauty. In addition, it has anti-acute gastric ulcer effect on rats.
The preparation method comprises pulverizing crude propolis, adding 95% ethanol at the ratio of 1∶4, refluxing at 85℃ for 3-4 hours, filtering, and recovering ethanol from the filtrate to obtain an extract. The extract is refined by the following methods.
According to this method, the content of beeswax can be reduced to 0.50%, the content of total flavonoids can reach 40.69%, and the yield of finished products can reach 4 1.24%.
The Propolis Research Group of Bee Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 1999 compared the selection of different processes such as CO2 supercritical extraction, percolation, impregnation, reflux extraction and distillation extraction, and finally selected and determined the new process of "continuous extraction of propolis by subsection countercurrent at room temperature". The process has the advantages of low energy consumption, high efficiency, no destruction of effective components of propolis, and is suitable for industrial production. The extraction rate of effective components is more than 7 times higher than that of general extraction methods, and the product purity is over 98%, which can remove impurities such as beeswax and heavy metals at one time.
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The benefits of propolis are as follows:
(1) to treat hyperlipidemia and hyperviscosity.
Propolis has obvious hypolipidemic effect and good curative effect on hyperlipidemia.
(2) Treating diabetes
Some flavonoids and terpenoids in propolis can promote the synthesis of glycogen from exogenous glucose, and some of them, such as catalpol and butterfly stilbene, have obvious hypoglycemic effects.
(3) Treatment of malignant tumor
The results of animal experiments and clinical application show that propolis does have a good anticancer effect. After patients with gastric cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, lymphoma and leukemia took large doses of propolis, the growth and metastasis of cancer cells were well controlled, the survival time of patients was obviously prolonged, and some patients had fully recovered.
(4) treating gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.
Propolis tincture can form an impermeable film on the skin mucosa, which has obvious bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and tissue regeneration effects, so people use propolis to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers.
(5) treating chronic enteritis
Propolis will not cause imbalance of parasitic flora in human digestive tract when treating chronic enteritis, so the treatment effect is good and safe.
(6) Treatment of hypertension
Propolis has a strong antioxidant capacity, which can not only reduce the harm of lipid peroxide to blood vessels and prevent vascular sclerosis, but also effectively reduce the triglyceride content, reduce platelet aggregation, improve microcirculation and reduce excessive blood pressure, and has a certain preventive and therapeutic effect on hypertension.
(7) treating nasal diseases
Acute rhinitis, chronic rhinitis and atrophic rhinitis can all be cured with propolis preparation.
(8) treating pharyngolaryngitis and tonsillitis
Propolis has a good effect on pharyngitis.
(9) Treatment of dental diseases
Propolis has many unique functions in oral health care: sterilization, anti-inflammation and deodorization. It has many functions better than medicinal toothpaste and has a good therapeutic effect on many dental diseases.
(10) Treatment of oral mucosal diseases.
Propolis has a good effect on superficial ulcers of oral mucosal diseases, such as recurrent aphtha and acute stomatitis in children.
(11) Treatment of ear inflammation
Ears are prone to inflammation, such as suppurative otitis media and suppurative otitis media. Once these diseases are aggravated, it is easy to cause complications and damage hearing. Propolis has anti-inflammatory effect. Clinical experiments of medical workers at home and abroad have proved that propolis extract has good curative effect on suppurative otitis media and suppurative otitis media.
(12) Treating paronychia
Propolis tincture has a good effect on paronychia.
(13) treatment of herpes zoster
Herpes zoster is caused by varicella zoster virus (ZV virus). People can be immune for life after suffering from chickenpox, but when the body's resistance drops, the chickenpox virus lurking in the body can be revived, causing herpes zoster in a certain part, such as herpes zoster on the face, which can be treated with propolis.
(14) Treating dermatoses
Propolis can be used for treating dermatoses such as corns, verruca plana, verruca vulgaris, folliculitis, hyperhidrosis, furuncle, sunburn, radiation dermatitis, neurodermatitis, chapped skin, chilblain, eczema, itching, psoriasis, acne, alopecia areata and alopecia.
(15) Treatment of surgical diseases
Propolis has a good effect on knife wounds, abrasions, lacerations, burns and intractable wounds. During World War II, two surgical hospitals in Sverdlov, the former Soviet Union, used propolis ointment to treat wounds and achieved good results.
(sixteen) treatment of gynecological diseases.
Propolis has therapeutic effects on trichomonal vaginitis, fungal vaginitis, cervical erosion, erosive cervicitis and endocarditis.
(seventeen) the treatment of ophthalmic diseases.
Propolis has achieved good results in the treatment of keratitis, conjunctival burn, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcer and eyelid eczema.
(eighteen) the treatment of other diseases.
In addition to the above diseases, propolis also has therapeutic and auxiliary effects on hepatitis, prostatitis, goiter, cerebral infarction, senile dementia, hypotension, gastroptosis, colorectal polyps, renal insufficiency, chronic pancreatitis, dysmenorrhea, menopausal syndrome, gout, rheumatism, osteoarthritis and urinary tract infection.
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safe
1. Propolis itself is non-toxic, but there are many opportunities for pollution during the preparation of propolis raw materials. The heavy metal content is high, and the lead content can reach 200~400mg/kg, but it is not allowed to exceed 1mg/kg. Raw propolis cannot be eaten, but it needs to be refined before it can be eaten.
2. Infants and pregnant women are not suitable.