The report of the 19th National Congress pointed out that agricultural and rural issues are the fundamental issues of the national economy and people's livelihood. To realize rural revitalization, we must take solving the problem of "empty nesters" as the focus of the party's work. Rural old-age service is an important part of rural social security system, which is related to the happiness of thousands of families and is also an important guarantee to realize rural revitalization. Based on the analysis of the current situation of rural old-age care, this paper finds out the basic problems existing in the existing rural old-age care model, puts forward corresponding suggestions and opinions, and explores a new path suitable for the development of rural old-age care at this stage.

Keywords: rural elderly; Living conditions; Measures and suggestions for revitalizing rural old-age care

I. Survey background

According to the data of the seventh national census, the population aged 60 and over in China has reached 264 million, accounting for 18.7% of the total population. It is predicted that this number will exceed 300 million during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, and China will enter the stage of moderate aging from mild aging. China's aging population is on the rise, and the living security of the elderly has become an important issue related to the national economy. Since the reform and opening up, China's urban and rural economy has developed rapidly, and the social structure of urban and rural areas has also undergone tremendous changes. With the continuous development of social economy, many rural young adults have gone to cities, leaving a large number of "empty nesters" in the countryside. In this context, the pressure of rural old-age care is increasing, and the problem of rural old-age care has also become a major shortcoming of rural revitalization. Therefore, the construction of endowment insurance system is particularly important for China's social and economic development and building a socialist society.

To build a new rural old-age care system, we should meet the needs of the elderly, change the traditional single old-age care model, make full use of rural resources, and create a new old-age care model based on family care, relying on community public services, taking children care as the main body and mutual care as the supplement, so as to make the rural elderly enjoy their old age with satisfaction.

Second, an overview of the living conditions of the rural elderly

(A) the situation of daily life care

The survey found that most elderly people have strong self-care ability. In the survey, 32% of the elderly said that they lived alone or with their spouses, 48% with their children, 15% in nursing homes, and 3.2% with their grandchildren. 1.8? % of the elderly live with relatives/friends.

(2) Economic sources

They said there were 2-3 sons among the surviving children. Children from different villages rarely live in the same village, and most of them live in the same county, and meet once every month on average/kloc-0. Some children work and settle in other places, and rarely meet each other, once every six months or once a year. There are only 2-3 relatives or friends who often come and go. For the elderly who live with their children or grandchildren, they say that they take care of their grandchildren for a long time, almost every day.

The survey results show that 56% of the rural elderly mainly rely on social pension, 20% say they mainly rely on their children to support them, 10% have their own pension or receive it through labor, 5.8% rely on the savings saved when they were young, and 2.3% rely on government assistance.

Most of them didn't have any jobs before the age of 60, mainly working at home or going out to work, and some of them engaged in individual or private economic activities, such as opening small shops and setting up stalls in nearby markets.

The old people interviewed all said that they had participated in social endowment insurance, but did not participate in social insurance, mainly because it was too expensive and had no economic foundation. Except for the elderly who died with their children, they received government subsidies such as social security, and other elderly people said that they did not receive subsidies.

(3) the main content of daily life

When asked about the main contents of parents' daily life, most elderly people choose to do housework and farm work, accounting for 7 1.3%. In addition, more elderly people choose to exercise and take care of their families, accounting for 36.8% and 36.6% respectively. It can be seen that housework and farming, physical exercise and family care are the main contents of the daily life of the elderly.

When asked what activities they had participated in, they said that they had not participated in many activities, only relatively simple activities such as maintaining village sanitation, helping neighbors, and caring for and educating the next generation. They hope that the village will organize some recreational activities, health talks and activities like family ties between the young and the old, which will add a touch of luster to their monotonous life.

(D) the use of smart phones and smart services

With the popularity of the Internet, electronic products such as smart phones are increasingly used by the elderly. According to the survey data, 52.0% of the elderly use smart phones. The elderly people who use smart phones say that it is faster to make simple phone calls, video chat and watch Aauto, accounting for 84.7%, 80.5% and 7 1.3% respectively. One fifth of the elderly people shop online; For online shopping, online medical treatment, online learning, online ordering, online taxi, ticket purchase and other complex intelligent service functions, the elderly will hardly use them. 80% of the elderly said they needed smartphone training.

(5) Mental state

Because of lack of companionship, loneliness and other reasons, most elderly people said they would be troubled by some trivial matters. They are often depressed, have difficulty in doing things and have low hopes for the future. They just hope that they and their wives can spend their old age healthily. Some old people said that they are afraid of the future, afraid of their own physical problems, afraid of accidents and so on. Almost all the old people say that they don't sleep well and often don't fall asleep until midnight. Few old people say that they are happy and basically lonely now.

(6) Satisfaction

Although I feel lonely for a long time, I can understand that my child is busy with work. Therefore, they say that they are generally satisfied with their current life, health status, active exercise and physical health, and their relationship with their children. They say they can get along well and their children are filial.

(7) Health status and function

I think that I am in poor health, my eyesight is weak, I can't see things clearly, I can't see the words on books, mobile phones and other devices clearly, and even some elderly people suffer from eye diseases such as cataract and macular fission. Most old people are hard of hearing. During the interview, they found that they couldn't hear clearly at the normal volume and needed to talk to them at a higher volume and a slower speed. Most elderly people have no difficulty in walking, but a small number of elderly people have some difficulties in walking because of diseases such as rheumatism and arthritis.

Third, the problem of providing for the aged.

(A) The four major difficulties have become the main problems in the daily life of the elderly.

First, the pension is small and the economic burden is heavy. In the survey, 48.4% of the elderly said that the biggest living difficulty they are facing at present is insufficient pension and heavy economic burden, and one month's pension can't meet daily consumption at all.

Second, unaccompanied, daily care is difficult. Due to the busy work and fast pace of life, on the one hand, children do not have more leisure time to take care of the elderly, on the other hand, they often ignore the psychological comfort of the elderly. 26.4% of the elderly said that their parents felt lonely and unaccompanied, and 23.2% said that no one was taking care of them at present.

Third, poor health and inconvenient activities. In the survey, 24.0% of the elderly said that the biggest problem in life at present is poor health and inconvenient activities. It can be seen that it is necessary to speed up the aging transformation of communities and families and enhance the convenience of the elderly.

Fourth, it is difficult to use intelligent service functions. In the survey, 23.9% of the respondents said that their parents would not use the smart service function of their smartphones independently. With the development of smart pension, more and more life services have changed from "offline" to "online", and it has become a problem for the elderly not to use smart services or only to use simple operations.

(2) The functions of the old-age service around the community need to be improved.

In recent years, the functions of rural old-age care services have been continuously improved. However, compared with the increasing demand for the aged, there are still many shortcomings. In the survey, 5 1.7% of the elderly think that there are "few services" for the aged in the village, and 46.3% think that "the site is small, the facilities are few and the environment is poor".

Fourth, the demand for community pension services.

The demand of the elderly for facilities

In the survey, when the elderly are asked what facilities they want to add around their residence, the health rooms, medical rehabilitation rooms, fitness venues and canteens for the elderly are most frequently mentioned. Among them, the health room and rehabilitation room have the highest demand for facilities, accounting for 65. 1%, followed by fitness places and canteens for the elderly, accounting for 63.5% and 54.8% respectively. In addition, the demand for barbershops is relatively high, above 20%.

(2) Service demand

In the survey, when asked what kind of old-age care service they most want to provide around the village, 48. 1% of the elderly said they need medical rehabilitation nursing service, 45.6% said they need catering service for the elderly, and the demands for cultural and sports activities and spiritual care accounted for 4 1.3% and 37.2% respectively. At the same time, more than 30% people need domestic service.

Five, improve the quality of life of the elderly in rural areas

(A) efforts to improve the income level of rural elderly

The fundamental way to solve the problem of providing for the aged in rural areas lies in improving the income level of farmers. According to the survey data, the overall economic situation of the rural elderly is poor, and their only income is mainly from their own labor income and family support, while the social security income is less than that of subsidy income. To improve the quality of life of the elderly in rural areas, we must first improve their economic income level.

1. Increase the economic income of the elderly themselves.

First, the elderly in rural areas are encouraged to persist in engaging in employed or non-employed agricultural labor and earn corresponding income on the premise that their physical conditions permit. Letting the elderly engage in paid jobs can not only increase their economic income, but also enrich their daily life and give them some physical exercise. Second, increase land income. Farming can earn economic income; You can also transfer the land to others, collect corresponding economic compensation, and improve the level of economic income from many angles.

2. Enhance family support ability

It is not difficult to find that family pension is the best pension mode, and family pension resources are the most fundamental and indispensable pension resources. Therefore, the government should first promote the overall development of rural families and improve the strength of family pension. Specifically, we can strengthen family pension from the following aspects. Support and encourage parents to live with their children or live in the same village nearby; Give families more economic subsidies; Provide housing construction and decoration services; Support the professional training of aged care service personnel.

3. Strengthen government and social support for the elderly.

First, appropriately raise the basic pension level of rural residents and give full play to the role of old-age insurance in effectively guaranteeing the basic livelihood of the elderly. Second, invest in helping the poor and disabled rural elderly. We will increase the subsidy funds for the elderly in difficult families and disabled elderly people, and at the same time bring them all into the scope of social assistance to obtain more public welfare subsidies to further protect the basic livelihood of the elderly in rural areas. Third, implement the strategy of rural revitalization and vigorously develop the overall rural economy. Expand employment opportunities for the elderly in rural areas and effectively increase their labor income.

(two) efforts to improve the medical security system for the elderly in rural areas.

From the previous data analysis, it is not difficult to find that the biggest difficulty faced by most elderly people is physical health. The older the elderly, the less optimistic their health status, and the more elderly people suffer from chronic diseases. Medical and health services are the most urgent needs of the elderly in rural areas. Therefore, we should strive to improve the medical security system for the elderly in rural areas. Mainly from the following two aspects. First, improve the level of basic medical insurance for the elderly in rural areas. Common diseases will be included in the scope of medical reimbursement to reduce the cost of medical treatment for the elderly. Second, enhance the convenience of medical treatment. Form "on-site medical care" service, focus on rural elderly people, and promote family doctor contract service.

(C) Improve the function of community pension services

Perfecting the community home-based care service is the most concerned policy and measure of the respondents in this survey, accounting for 60.8%, which reflects the huge demand and high expectation of the citizens for the community home-based care service.

First, improve community services and facilities for the aged. Improve the information base of the elderly in the community and improve the facilities and services for the elderly in the community according to the needs of the elderly in the community. At present, the most important thing is to increase and improve the old-age care services with high demand, such as medical care, meals for the elderly, cultural and sports activities and spiritual care, and improve the old-age care facilities such as community health service stations and nursing stations, canteens for the elderly and day care centers.

The second is to speed up the aging transformation of the community. Accelerate the transformation of community facilities for the elderly, add barrier-free facilities suitable for the elderly, and enhance the convenience of the elderly, such as installing elevators in old communities and installing handrails for elderly people living alone and empty nesters.

(D) Strengthen the training of pension professionals.

The quality of old-age talents directly affects the quality of life of the elderly. In the survey, nearly 30% of the elderly and village cadres think that the local community pension service is not professional.

The first is to enrich the professional pension service team. Develop public welfare pension service posts in non-profit pension institutions and communities, and strive to establish a professional and stable team of pension service personnel.

The second is to strengthen the training of elderly nursing staff. Regularly hold training courses on aging policies and old-age nursing knowledge, and strengthen the skills training of old-age nursing staff.

The third is to raise the basic salary level of the aged care service personnel. Strengthen social security benefits, formulate relevant preferential policies in key areas such as old-age care services and the combination of medical care and nursing, and promote the stability of the old-age talent team.

(5) Help the elderly to integrate into the intelligent age.

It is the common responsibility of family and society to help the elderly integrate into the intelligent age as soon as possible. The first is to establish a training mechanism for the use of smart devices for the elderly. In addition to the corresponding obligations of family members, universities for the elderly should offer training courses on smart applications, and communities should regularly offer training courses on the use of smart devices, and take one-on-one answers to eliminate obstacles for the elderly to use smart devices.

The second is to improve the smart pension service platform. Combined with the characteristics of the elderly group, a more easy-to-operate smart pension platform is designed, so that the elderly can really enjoy the convenience brought by smart pension.

Conclusion of intransitive verbs

The survey results show that housework and physical exercise are the main contents of the daily life of the elderly; Economic pressure and unaccompanied are the main problems faced by the elderly in their lives, and the elderly have great demand for facilities and services for the elderly. We should try our best to meet the needs of the elderly in all aspects, change the traditional single old-age care model, make full use of rural resources, and create a new old-age care model based on family care, community care and child care, so that the elderly can be satisfied both physically and mentally, further improve the rural old-age care problem and lay the foundation for the development of rural revitalization strategy.

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