During the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Heng, the emperor gaozu of Han Dynasty, and Liu Qi, the son of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, were in power for 40 years, with political stability, economic prosperity and prosperity.

History is called the rule of Wenjing.

Liu Heng, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, was the son of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty.

When Liu Bang established the Western Han regime, due to the peasant war in the last four years of Qin Dynasty, the dispute between Chu and Han had just ended, with social unrest, economic depression and stagnant agricultural production, and there was a desolate scene everywhere.

In order to change this situation, Liu Bang learned the lesson from the demise of Qin, formulated simple and clear laws, reduced the land tax rate of farmers, and implemented the policy of fifteen taxes and one tax. Although in the late period of Liu Bang's rule, the tax rate was slightly increased due to the national financial needs, after his son Liu Ying succeeded to the throne, the tax rate was immediately reduced and restored to fifteen taxes, and it has been maintained.

Lv Hou didn't adjust the tax rate when he was in power.

When Liu Heng was in office, the land rent tax rate was further reduced to 30. In the thirteenth year of Emperor Wendi, land rent was exempted.

In addition, Wendi also reduced the poll tax levied by the government on adults from 120 yuan per person per year to 40 yuan per person per year, and the corvee was reduced to once every three years, greatly reducing the burden on the people.

In the second year of Jingdi, Jingdi changed the system of starting public corvee at the age of 17, which was formulated by Qin State, to 20, and started and shortened the service time.

Not only that, Emperor Wen also reformed the criminal law of the Qin Dynasty.

He abolished the system of lifelong hard labor for prisoners and re-enacted the law.

According to the seriousness of the crime, the term of imprisonment is stipulated.

Abolish the system of one person committing crimes against relatives for thousands of years, such as "flogging" with tattoos on his face, "flogging" with nose cut off and "flogging" with feet cut off, and change the three major criminal laws into red punishment.

That is, hit people's backs and hips with bamboo boards or wooden boards to reduce execution.

When Emperor Jing was in power, he not only continued to reduce the punishment, but also corrected the shortcomings of Emperor Wen's reform of criminal law.

It also emphasizes prudence and fairness in law enforcement and gives special care to special criminals. The degree of oppression of the people has been greatly reduced.

It can be seen that ignoring and reducing criminal law is the national policy of Emperor Wendi and Emperor Jingdi when they were in power, because they respected the purity and inaction of Taoism and practiced frugality and self-cultivation to govern the country. Advocate "sharing interest with the people and being safe for the people."

In order to be closely related to the people, we must solve the problem of food and clothing for the people.

Therefore, Deng Wendi and Du Jing attached great importance to agriculture. They not only cultivate their own fields, but also spend more money for officials to teach advanced agricultural technology to farmers.

Help farmers increase agricultural output.

They also select some elderly people with high moral character who can teach the public or some people who are filial to their parents. There are people who love brothers and sisters. Or give some rewards to people who work hard in agriculture, and encourage people to vigorously develop agriculture on the basis of filial piety to adoptive parents.

In order to ensure farmers' income, attract farmers and attach importance to agricultural production, Emperor Wendi adopted Chao Cuo's suggestion in 168 BC.

The policy of "staying at home and losing everything" was adopted, that is, people were encouraged to donate grain to the country to fill the grain depot at the border.

According to the amount of donations, the state will give people different questions or atonement.

In this way, rich people will buy farmers' food.

Farmers' income not only increased their enthusiasm for farming, but also increased until the frontier fortress had sufficient grain reserves.

Next, the grain reserves of counties and cities will also be enriched.

At that time, Emperor Wen stipulated that as long as the county's reserves were enough for one year, the county could exempt farmers from land rent.

This policy not only enriches the granary of the country, but also ensures the income of farmers, killing two birds with one stone.

The battle between Jingdi and Jingdi repeatedly urged officials to give priority to encouraging farming and mulberry, and allowed farmers living in areas with poor soil to move to places with fertile land and rich water resources. ,

Farming and renting land to landless farmers, and twice banning the use of grain to make wine and feed horses.

During the reign of Emperor Wendi and Emperor Jingdi, the price of rice dropped the most.

In recent years, prices have become lower and lower, and society has become more and more stable, which has laid a good foundation for the development of other undertakings.

In terms of industry and commerce, in 158 BC, Emperor Wendi ordered the opening of mountains and rivers that originally belonged to the country, allowing private mining of minerals and the utilization and development of fish and salt resources.

In addition, Wendi also abolished the system of customs clearance by ship. Generally, countries have checkpoints in border fortresses or military towns. Anyone who goes in and out of the checkpoint must show his certificate, which was not heard until the twelfth year. Wendi abolished the entry and exit regulations, enabling businessmen to enter and leave freely, thus promoting the development of commodity economy.

Emperor Han Jingdi and Xiongnu and other neighboring nationalities opened their markets and made remarkable achievements in developing border trade.

With the steady development of agriculture, industry and commerce, Emperor Wenjing has always maintained a non-aggression and peaceful relationship with neighboring ethnic minorities in order not to disturb the stable life of the people. Wendi Deng not only tried to repair the cracks that existed before.

It was also in 65438 BC+062 BC that he married the Huns.

Although the Xiongnu violated the agreement and repeatedly invaded the border, he just ordered to strictly abide by the border and did not take the initiative to attack and dispatch troops to avoid disturbing the people.

This series of measures has made people's lives gradually stable and rich, but on the other hand, it has also encouraged powerful businessmen.

Because the land occupied by powerful landlords has been tested by the tax exemption certificate, they benefit the most, while wealthy businessmen are the biggest beneficiaries of the policy of running out of water.

They began to use the perfect handmaiden to live an obsessed life, madly annexed land and forced some farmers to go bankrupt.

In order to protect farmers' rights and interests and safeguard social fairness and justice.

Wenjing No.2 Imperial Capital has taken strong measures, and Wendi has adopted their suggestions to change customs, which is probably the wind of being strong and hiding shame.

It is strictly forbidden to be overbearing, privately casting money, emphasizing agriculture and benefiting business, and so on.

When Emperor Han Jing was in power, he not only inherited his father's style of governing the country, but also continued to implement the national policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce. He also adopted Chao Cuo's suggestion and took more severe measures to crack down on powerful countries, and the whole country gradually presented a scene of peace and prosperity. In addition, it is worth mentioning that Emperor Wendi abolished libel and heresy shortly after he ascended the throne.

Besides, Wendi Deng and Du Jing are very frugal. During Dai Wen's 23 years in power, he didn't use manpower and financial resources to expand the palace garden, nor did he increase the number of vehicles, amusement facilities and services.

He wanted to build a terrace, but when he learned that it would cost one hundred dollars, he gave up. He also said that 100 yuan is equivalent to the sum of ten properties of a middle-class family.

I inherited the offensive left by my late emperor, and I often feel ashamed. How can I spend 100 yuan to build a terrace?

In order to reduce the burden on the people, he also reduced his own expenses and laid off guards.

When Emperor Jingdi was in office, he refused to accept luxury goods presented by local governments and prohibited local officials from buying gold jewelry, otherwise he would be punished as theft.

The emperor was so thrifty, aristocratic bureaucrats dared not be too extravagant, and the people did not have too heavy a burden, thus achieving the goal of sharing interest with the people.

From Emperor Wendi's accession to the throne to the last years of Emperor Jingdi, the political stability, the wealth of the people and the strength of the country, and the state treasury were more than enough to eat.

It has been piled up outside the granary. There are many copper coins in the warehouse, and the rope for wearing money is rotten. The amount of loose money cannot be calculated.

The country is prosperous and the people are happy, showing a scene of prosperity.

Historically, the management of cultural scenes in the19th century was not only the first prosperous period of China's autocratic imperial society, but also laid a solid material foundation for the later conquest of Xiongnu by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Of course, on the other hand, in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, landlords actively gained more benefits because of the policy of keeping healthy and raising children.

Therefore, during the reign of Wenjing, the synchronous development of land was also developing day by day.

In order to achieve political stability, Emperor Wen restricted the power of the princes with the same surname, but basically adopted a palliative attitude, which eventually led to the chaos of the Seven Kingdoms in the Jingdi period.

When Wen Jing's rule achieved stable economic development and ushered in the recovery of the Western Han Dynasty, the inaction politics he pursued also completed his historical mission. Emperor Wu of the Northern Han Dynasty replaced it with a positive and promising ruling policy.