Dietary health care is an important part of health care culture, and what to eat and how to eat are the basic problems of dietary health care. Knowing how to eat is good for your health, you can find the entrance to the road to longevity. This question was answered as early as Huangdi Neijing. As the earliest extant classic of traditional Chinese medicine, Neijing not only recognizes that diet is the material basis for human survival, but also finds that diet also affects human health and affects the occurrence, development and prognosis of diseases. This paper puts forward the idea of balanced diet such as "moderate diet" and "moderate cold and heat", and puts forward the principles and methods of diet therapy after illness, which still has important guiding value for today's health care.

A balanced diet is a guarantee of health.

Neijing pointed out: "Yin Pingyang is the secret, and the spirit is the rule; Yin and Yang are separated and refined. " It is pointed out that the harmonious balance of yin and yang is the basis of human health. At the same time, it is pointed out that "heaven eats people with five flavors, and the earth eats people with five flavors". Five flavors and five flavors are necessary conditions for maintaining life, among which five flavors (namely diet) are necessary conditions for maintaining the balance between yin and yang and the basis for ensuring good health. In this regard, Neijing proposed that if you want to live a long and healthy life, you should follow the principles of "harmony of five flavors", "moderate diet" and "moderate cold and heat".

1. 1 harmony of five flavors-balanced nutrition and mixed ingredients.

Clinically, people often ask us, "Doctor, what do you think is suitable for me to eat?"? Which foods are better for me? " See how the Neijing answers.

There are many kinds of food-Neijing says: "Five grains are tonic, five fruits are helpful, five animals are beneficial, five dishes are filling, and the smell is fine." We should emphasize the consumption of cereals, meat, fruits and vegetables to cultivate healthy qi and maintain or repair body functions. The "five" here refers to the specific five categories of grain, fruit, meat and vegetables, and it is also an imaginary number, emphasizing that the edible varieties are miscellaneous and good, providing us with comprehensive nutritional elements. Scientific findings show that if you want to stay healthy, you should eat more than 30 different foods every week, and in a longer period of time, you should make corresponding adjustments and change the types of food. The more kinds, the more balanced the better. Accordingly, we can't restrict ourselves from eating or only eating certain foods or health care products because of the need of disease prevention and health care.

Don't be partial to five flavors-while cooking various diets, you should also be partial to five flavors: sour, bitter, sweet, pungent and salty. Because "five flavors enter, acid enters the liver, pungent enters the lungs, bitter enters the heart, salty enters the kidney, and sweet enters the spleen, that is, five enters." It is also said that "five flavors of husband enter the stomach, and each is happy." Acid enters the liver first, bitter enters the heart first, sweet enters the spleen first, pungent enters the lung first, and salty enters the kidney first. Gas increases for a long time, and things often happen; He died of anger, and the reason for his death was also. " It is pointed out that different tastes of food have reinforcing and reducing effects on different viscera, such as sour food corresponding to liver and spicy food corresponding to lung. When eating one or several flavors of food, it may lead to the enhancement and pathological changes of the corresponding zang-fu organs, so it is emphasized that "five flavors are harmonious" and a certain type of food or taste cannot be partial.

1.2 Moderate diet-regular quantitative, regular life.

We have to eat every day. Now when it comes to the principle of diet, we can think of the phrase "eat well in the morning, eat well at noon and eat less at night". This sentence is a brief summary of diet and health preservation, and also embodies the principle of "moderation in diet" put forward in Neijing. Restraint means not only timing three meals, but also quantifying them. Neither should be too hungry or too full.

Spleen and stomach are the foundation of the day after tomorrow and the source of qi and blood biochemistry. If the diet is irregular, it is easy to damage the spleen and stomach, affect the biochemistry of qi and blood, and further lead to other visceral dysfunction and lesions. It is necessary to "learn from Yin and Yang, count tricks, eat regularly, live regularly, and do not act rashly" to ensure that "form and spirit are one, and return at the age of 100" (Su Wen's On Ancient Naivety). Therefore, the diet should be controlled, the meal time should be fixed, people should not be hungry and full, and life should be regular and quantitative, so as to ensure the normal transportation and transformation of the spleen and stomach, active blood and biochemistry, and sufficient vital qi.

1.3 moderate cold and heat-no burning, no surging cold.

In addition to "harmony with five flavors", Neijing also specifically discusses the influence of cold and hot food on the body. For example, Lingshu Shi Zhuan warns people that "those who eat and drink have no scorching heat, and there is no cold", and Su Wenyin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun says: "Shui Gu's cold and heat are harmful to the Sixth Hospital." Eating too cold and too hot will damage the oral esophagus, even the spleen and stomach, and even the internal organs. Secondly, it is pointed out that in the state of disease, the cold temperature of diet should also be adapted to people, places and times. For example, it is put forward that "cold is far away, cold is far away, warm is far away, hot is far away, and diet should be the same", and it is pointed out that people with fever should not eat hot food in summer, and those with deficiency cold should not eat cold food in winter.