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First, from the perspective of community structure, the fable communities in Zhuangzi are mostly repetitive and chained; The fable community in Han Feizi is mostly parallel and turning.
The reason for the formation and appearance of the fable story community in China's early prose is closely related to the trend of the times that a single metaphor has developed into a metaphor and "being a teacher after learning a metaphor" [2](P 1065), and the motivation and intention of the creative subject to consciously write for the text and speak well. In order to enhance persuasiveness, critics often cite multiple stories for metaphorical argument and use fable community for image explanation. There are several fables in Zhuangzi and Han Feizi that form a community, but the relationship between them is quite different. The fable community in Zhuangzi is often repetitive or progressive, with the characteristics of vagueness and obscurity. Han Feizi's fable community is often parallel or turning, with clear characteristics.
The repeated fable community formed by repeated use of several similar fables is more common in Zhuangzi. Will be a number of fable stories according to the progressive relationship structure progressive fable community, "Zhuangzi? There are two examples in the article Happy Travel. In the first half, Kun Peng wrote the fable of spreading his wings and moving south. In the second half, he wrote Song's "according to the internal and external points, according to the realm of honor and disgrace", and in the second half, he wrote Liezi's "returning in five days". These three fables show different levels of freedom, one level goes further and further, but at the same time, they point out that everyone has something to do, which is not a real carefree journey, and then draw the conclusion that "the husband is righteous with heaven and earth, resists the debate of six qi, and if he swims endlessly, he will be evil." The fables written in the second half of the article around "man has no self, god is useless, and saints are nameless" also have a progressive relationship: "Yao makes the world yield" indicates that saints are nameless; The question and answer between Shouwu and Shu Lian shows that the man of God is useless; The argument between Keiko and Zhuangzi shows that it is useless to do nothing. In this way, an absolutely free human realm has finally been put forward.
Many fable communities in Han Feizi have obvious juxtaposition. Such as "everything is done? When demonstrating the principle of "believing and rewarding as much as possible", the first volume of Inside Tibet used eight points, such as "Wen Zi versus the King of Qi", "The King of Yue burned the palace", "Wu Qi moved to the south gate", "Li Kui shot the lawsuit", "worshipping disciples", "Gou Jian angered frogs", "Han Zhaohou hid pants" and "He and snakes". There are also some turning fable communities composed of positive and negative fables in Han Feizi.
Secondly, from the perspective of creative methods, the fable of Zhuangzi is full of romantic spirit, and the fable of Han Feizi shows realistic characteristics.
Mr. Gongmu said that reading the fable of Zhuangzi makes people feel profound and mysterious, and there is a whimsy of "going too far, drifting away"; Reading Han Feizi's fables makes people feel real and popular, and the debate is fierce and strange. There is a real feeling that "the heart is shocked and the heart is smart" and "there is no strength and flame". "If this feature of Zhuangzi's fables is called poetic romantic style, then this feature of Han Feizi's fables can be summarized as ... realistic style". [3] (P 100) This generalization is accurate and recognized. The fable "Zhuangzi" is full of rich fantasies, fictional plots and wonderful ideas, and has a strong romantic color. [4](P823) It often uses some "absurd" fables and images to express philosophy, so that the two can achieve harmony and unity. "In terms of rich, strange and magnificent imagination, few people can catch up with him and surpass him." [5](P 1 14) such as Zhuangzi? The Master of Health Care wrote, "What do you touch with your hands, what do you lean on your shoulders, what do you do with your feet, and what do you do with your knees? ",suddenly ringing, playing with a knife? And, of course, alto. The dance of mulberry trees is the first encounter of Chinese classics. " Its skill is really superb, which is very strange to write.
Generally speaking, Han Feizi's fables are not as grotesque as Zhuangzi's. Most fables are close to historical truth from structure to plot, from characters to language, and conform to the present situation of life. As Zhu said, the fable Everything is Wrong "has reached the height of the times" and "is a masterpiece of realistic fable literature with strong flavor of the times". [6] such as:
My son, the original stone given by Song Dynasty, is very rare, so I won't accept it. I said, "This treasure is also suitable for a gentleman, not for a person." Zi Han said, "I regard jade as my treasure, and I regard jade as my treasure." ("All done?" Yu Lao ")
This fable uses simple expressions to describe people and things in daily life. This is a compliment to Xiao Han for not coveting the precious original jade. It is more important to cultivate his noble quality than to obtain a piece of original jade. This fable is true and infectious, warning people that it is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation not to be greedy for money and pretentious. There are many such people and examples in both the long history and real life.
Thirdly, from the description means, the fables of Zhuangzi often use personification and exaggeration, which are flexible and diverse; All fables are done in an objective way, which is relatively simple.
The fable of Zhuangzi emphasizes literary talent and is lyrical. When describing things and portraying people, we often use bold and bizarre exaggeration. Such as: Dapeng's back, "I don't know its thousands of miles", "spreading its wings like hanging clouds" and "the soaring nine Wan Li"; The craftsman's stone can "make a fortune", so that people with "chalk noses like flies" can "do their best without hurting their noses"; Lvliang's husband swam freely in "three kilometers of water, four miles of foam", "a hundred paces away, singing again".
The most outstanding point of the fable Zhuangzi is that it pays attention to the description of characters and the expression of distinctive personality characteristics, and its "methods of describing characters are varied". [7] such as "Zhuangzi? The poem Li in Foreign Things shows that all Confucian scholars, big and small, are reciting Confucian dogma, but they are engaged in theft activities that violate their own creed. This kind of writing reveals the character's ideological character with the contradiction between his words and deeds, and exposes the hypocrisy and ugliness of Confucian scholars.
Comparatively speaking, although the fable of Han Feizi is occasionally exaggerated, on the whole, its emotional color is light and its narrative is objective, which makes it look simple and its image is not very vivid.
Fourthly, from the article style, the fable of Zhuangzi is absurd and vivid; How simple and simple the fable of everything is, and how solemn and steep it is.
"Zhuangzi", "Wang Yang's writing is unrestrained and his manners are graceful". [8] (P364) "Whether it is a long giant system or a story of ten numbers, concise and vivid language runs through it." [9] (P8 18) These evaluations are appropriate. Zhuangzi? The article "Wandering" is about animals, sometimes Kun and Peng, and sometimes Kun and pigeons blame quail; Write about plants, suddenly big toon, big bottle, suddenly five stones; Write characters, sometimes Peng Zu, Liezi, Song, sometimes Yao, Shouwu, Jieyu and Keiko. This article opens and closes vertically and horizontally. Although it is nearly 2,000 words, it is vivid and fascinating, and there is no sense of verbosity. The article writes that "the skin is like frost, graceful as a virgin, not eating grains, riding the wind and drinking dew, traveling around the world." A few words, weird. Zhuangzi? The master wrote dried fish "On the ground, in phase?" It is better to forget the Jianghu than to be wet. "In just a few words, there are stories, plots, images and interesting things!
Different from Zhuangzi's reverie, "Han Fei's fables are new but not complicated, and strange but not strange. The so-called new without bullying means that the reason is new without losing its correctness; The so-called strange but not strange means that although things are strange, they are not in vain. " [5] (P85) What Han Feizi did in his literary thoughts advocated emphasizing quality and using it, and opposed glitz. In Zheng Wu, the gorgeous and impractical style of writing is regarded as a great disaster of national subjugation, and it is pointed out that "those who are argumentative without seeking its use, who indulge in the beauty of literature without paying attention to its merits and demerits, can die." Therefore, the fable "Han Feizi" is short in length, concise in writing and good at description, and indeed has a solemn, plain and steep style.