Titles are distinguished from crowns by different chapter clothes (dresses with pictures and texts as the grading standard): crowns and jewel tops above lord protector are supplemented, and then auxiliary clothes (court clothes) are used. Embroidered with gold thread and colored silk thread, sewn on the chest and back) and peacock feathers on hats to distinguish their grades. Do not enter the crown coral roof below eight points. The purpose of grading is to distinguish them from the people, and to let them know their identity and promote their self-love.
The annual salary of different knight ranks varies greatly. The first-class prince of Heshuo, with an annual salary of 65,438+0,000 taels of silver and 5,000 taels of Mi Lu. The salary of the third-class king in Duoluo County is 5200 taels of silver, that of Mi Lu is 2500 taels, that of the sixth-class Gushan Beizi is 1300 taels of silver, and that of Mi Lu is 650 taels.
The annual salary of the first-class prince of Heshuo is more than 50 times higher than that of the first-class civil servant.
Prince/kloc-knighthood at the age of 0/5 was proposed by Zongrenyuan and approved by the emperor. The pro-prince was 20 years old, and the emperor was invited by Zong Renfu to take the exam and was sealed. Under the prince and above the general Feng En, one son attacked the knight, and the rest had to take the test of riding and shooting and Manchu, and were knighted respectively.
The titles of members of the royal family are determined according to the size of military service and personal relationships. Those without titles are called idlers.
For those who have made outstanding contributions, their descendants can be replaced by hereditary titles, such as the six kings of Rui, Li, Zheng, Yu, Su and Zhuang, the kings of Keqin and Shuncheng, and their titles can be replaced by hereditary titles. They are called the iron hat kings. The descendants of others attack the title, or keep the title, or lower the level until the twelfth. Yong Huang, the eldest son of Emperor Gaozong, died in the fifteenth year of Qianlong and was appointed as the Prince. After his death, his eldest son Miande attacked the prince and was later reduced to the county king. In forty-one years, he was promoted to the town owner, in forty-nine years, he was promoted to Beizi, and in fifty-one years, he died. His son Yichun attacked Viscount Bei and died in the first year of Daoguang. Yi Chunzi attacked Bei Viscount with tin and died in the first year of Daoguang. Zi Pu attacked Zhen Gong.
After entering the customs, the examination and selection system was implemented for any official. The imperial court intended to pave the way for the imperial clan to enter the official and facilitate the opening of the door. In the tenth year of Shunzhi (1653), the Eight Banners were ordered to set up their own religious schools. None of the children of the royal family were knighted, and they all entered school at the age of 10. Choose Manchu and Chinese officials to teach classics. After Qianlong, Manchu and riding and shooting are also included in the teaching scope. In the thirty-sixth year of Kangxi (1697), the imperial examination was held, but in the thirty-ninth year, he stopped this kind of examination for fear that stereotyped writing and learning poetry would be contaminated with the customs of the Han people. During the Yongzheng period, Zongrenfu set up a pen-paste exam, which made them gradually upgrade from the pen-paste exam. In addition, in the second year of Yongzheng (1724), left and right wing religious studies were established in Jinyu Hutong and Curtain Hutong to teach royal children. After nine years of Qianlong (1744), imperial clan students took the exam once every five years, and the ranking was decided by the emperor. Prince Yi and his family will be awarded Jinshi in the year of the exam. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, imperial examinations and imperial examinations were resumed. Only 1 eight-part essay and 1 first five-character and eight-rhyme poem were tested in one day. Chongyi's Miscellaneous Notes on the Ruling and Opposition since Daoxian said: "I feel that Luo Qi's hometown and conference exams are the same as those in Manchuria, but the imperial clan exams are different from those in Manchuria. On the first day or the second day after the big show, one article and one poem will be tested. I'm still in Hiram's hospital. I finished it in only one day. Ten people take one, there are odd zeros, less than five people don't take it, and five people take one. My hometown took seven or eight exams, two exams, and then three. "
After the Manchu family with four generations living together entered the customs, the dynasty also stipulated the lack of imperial clan. According to the regulations of Zongren House, there are 1 person in the house and 2 people in the hall, all of which are lack of imperial clan. In addition, some imperial clan vacancies are also used in six departments, hospitals and other institutions. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, in order to solve the official position problem of imperial clan members, the court appointed 90 guards and selected them from the imperial clan. During the Yongzheng period, the Manchu official of the imperial clan mansion was abolished by half, allowing the imperial clan staff to supplement it. During the reign of Qianlong, there were four imperial clan advisers who were promoted to the rank of secretary. During the Jiaqing period, in addition to the special examination of imperial clan translation classics, imperial clan officials were added in Liubu and Lifan courtyards to expand the channels for imperial clan officials.
Imperial clan enjoys special privileges in judicial affairs. The imperial clan was governed by the internal family law of the imperial clan during the period of Commissioner. After entering the customs, the imperial clan returned to Zongren House. Zongrenfu was established in the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652) following the Ming system. It is above the cabinet and six ministries. The imperial clan is in charge of the royal genealogy, compiling the jade plate (royal genealogy) on time, determining the aristocratic salary of the imperial clan, warning the members of the imperial clan to reward and punish their merits and offering sacrifices to the first emperor. Zongrenfu formulated the rules of Zongrenfu. There are 26 provisions in the "Regulations 1 * * *": For example, if Wang hits a general officer, the imperial clan and Jueluo criminals can be punished, and those who commit the crime of whipping the staff can be punished; If you commit the crime of cangue, you can fold it into a circle and ban the empty room; Those who commit a crime for the first time for three years or two and a half years are banned from entering for one year. In the forty-seventh year of Qianlong (1782), General Fengyi rushed to the forehead, killed his employees and was banned for 80 days. But if the supreme ruler regards the imperial clan members as mortal enemies, it is cruel to deal with them. For example, Empress Dowager Cixi's treatment of Su Shun, Zai Yuan and Duanhua was cruel enough.
Minor crimes will not change clan members. In addition to these preferential treatments, there are some restrictions and prohibitions, such as not resisting communication and not allowing Wang and others to spread it without authorization. The prince and the idle royal family are not allowed to leave the capital for forty miles, to be foreign officials or to do business. These regulations are designed to make them look "expensive".
Economically, imperial clan didn't have many privileges during the period of Commissioner, and those without official positions were forced to serve. After entering the customs, the dynasty took care of the imperial clan in every possible way. In addition to giving them a part of the enfeoffment land, the imperial clan also gives them millions of dollars in subsidies every year. There are special subsidies for marriage: marry and have children 100 Liang, and renew marriage for 50 Liang. There is material encouragement to have children. When children reach the age of 65,438+00, they receive two monthly subsidies of grain, rice and silver, 22 taels of silver, until they reach the age of 20. Relying on the land and subsidies enfeoffed by the dynasty, members of the imperial clan ate all day and did nothing, becoming parasitic groups. Some people can't make ends meet, they have many wives and children, and the dynasty subsidies are not extravagant enough. They sold all their fields. During the Qianlong period, Emperor Qianlong "missed the poverty of the imperial clan, so that he lost everything and could not support himself. Because of his life, he ordered the imperial clan to give him a detailed pension." According to the degree of poverty, the poorest people are rewarded with 320 taels of silver, and the second one, half, is ordered to redeem the land for sports. In addition, there is no subsidy for weddings and funerals. In addition, the imperial court often banquets imperial clan. "Every year on New Year's Day and Shangyuan Day, we personally choose princes and grandchildren. And in Gan Qing Palace and Fengsan Selfless Hall, we held a banquet (private banquet) for Wang, Baylor and Gongqu. They all use high chairs, one for two, write poems and drink, and be polite to their families. " Similar banquets were held in Qianlong nine years, Qianlong forty-seven years and Jiaqing nine years. Among them, there were 3000 members of the imperial clan in the banquet in Qianlong forty-seven years.
Many people in the imperial clan have developed an arrogant attitude, because the dynasty indulged them and the people please them. Not only are they not close to the Han scholar-officials, but even the Manchu relatives with higher status are unwilling to live under their rule. Some members of the imperial clan also do bad things. One thing mentioned in Xiao Ting's Miscellaneous Notes, Abuse of Powerful People, is an example: "During the Yongzheng period, there was a western chair in an imperial clan. When I saw Xiao Ai in the street, I was taken away, sat in the chair, and acted immorally."
The imperial clan also produced some literati. Zhao Kun (1776- 1829), the author of Xiao Ting Zalu, is very famous. After Daishan, the second son of Nuerhachi, he was made a minister in Jiaqing seven years and a prince Li in ten years. His Miscellaneous Notes on Xiao Ting preserved a great deal of information about politics, military affairs, economy, culture, laws and regulations of the Qing Dynasty before the early Daoguang period, which is an important material for studying the Qing Dynasty. But in the twentieth year of Jiaqing, he was accused of insulting the minister and torturing his own manor owner, and was banned for three years. Other poets include Zhao Wen, the great grandson of Prince Raoyu, and Zhuangzi, a Buddhist, who wrote Zi Shi Zhuang Chao. Duncheng (1734- 179 1) and Dunmin (1728- 1796) are both poets. The former includes Four Songtang Collection and Wren Pen, while the latter includes Mao Zhai Shi Chao. Their poems live in the late Tang Dynasty, which is quite interesting. Yong Zhong, the 14th descendant of Kangxi, said: "Poetry is elegant, calligraphy is vigorous, and it has A Jin flavor."
There are also people with Tao Yuanming's character in the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the imperial clan. Cheng Shu, who attacked the general of the auxiliary country, was not favored by the common people and resigned as a farmer at the age of 40. There is room in the official residence. He grows fruits and vegetables with a mud basket and a hoe. Learn to keep in good health in your later years, eat less and more meals every day, and spit it out when you eat something sweet.
It is worth mentioning that a large number of ministers and military commanders were approved in the imperial clan. There were many military commanders in the early Qing Dynasty. Biography of the History of the Qing Dynasty records 49 members of the imperial clan, who have repeatedly made outstanding achievements on the battlefield and become princes in the decades since the founding of the People's Republic of China. These 49 royal princes, except Daishan, Azig, Dourgen, Duoduo, Haug, Gil Harang, Man Gourtay, Ni Kan, Borg, Abatai, Yue Tuo, A Min, Luck Dehun, Chu Ying, Du Du, Babutai and Dege, are all familiar to people. There are also Shuosai, Sahai, Yarhachi, Vekeda, Murhachi, Bayara, Fingu, Chani, Harchuhong, Batha, Udahai, Bohoto, Gulmahong, Fulata, Murhu, Sabi, Subutu, Wen Qi and Asha. Dourgen presided over the court for eight years with the Regent. In the more than 200 years after the Qing Dynasty, the number of civilian military commanders from imperial clan was far less than that in the early Qing Dynasty. The biographies of the Qing Dynasty were only 2 1 person: Manggu Town, a middle-class family of four, served during the Qianlong period; Xing Zhao and Hengrui who worked in Jiaqing during the Qianlong period; And Yingjie, Zheng Jing and Xi En who worked from Jiaqing to Xianfeng. Among these 2 1 people, Yijing, Yishan and senior citizens are notorious for their performance in the Opium War.