Present situation of edible fungi industry in Sichuan
China's edible fungi production has accounted for more than 70% of the world's edible fungi production. With the gradual shrinking of edible fungi production in developed countries and the continuous development of edible fungi industry in China, edible fungi in China have become and will continue to become the leading products in the world agricultural products market. Under this historical background, Sichuan's unique climate resources, annual output of more than 1 100 million tons of crop stalks and rich rural labor resources have made Sichuan's edible fungus industry have great potential for further development. In 2004, among the nine provinces whose total output of edible fungi exceeded 500,000 tons, Sichuan ranked seventh after Henan, Fujian, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei and Zhejiang, and higher than Hubei and Shaanxi. In 2004, the total output of edible fungi (fresh products) in the province reached 530,000 tons, with an output value of 2 billion yuan and 48 million yuan in foreign exchange earned through export. At present, the varieties of edible fungi exported from Sichuan are Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes, Coprinus comatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Auricularia auricula and Tremella fuciformis. With the adjustment of economic structure and the restriction of labor costs and resources in the southeast coastal areas, China's edible fungi production base will gradually shift to the western provinces, and Sichuan is facing a historical opportunity for the rapid development of edible fungi industry.
Sichuan is one of the regions with the richest wild edible fungi resources in China. Tricholoma matsutake, boletus and Morchella are important export edible fungi products in China. After years of efforts, Morchella has made a breakthrough, but there is still a lack of research on the biological characteristics, resource arrangement, separation and purification of a large number of wild edible fungi such as boletus, chanterelle and termites. In order to realize artificial breeding and lay a foundation for further domestication, it is very necessary to carry out related research.
There is a certain foundation for the study of edible fungi in Sichuan. According to incomplete statistics, since the 1990s, more than 20 research achievements of edible fungi have been registered in our province, and 8 scientific and technological achievement awards have been won in the field of edible (medicinal) fungi, including the second prize of national invention 1 item and the first prize of provincial and ministerial level. At present, the research fields mainly involve the collection and utilization of resources, variety breeding, cultivation techniques, genetic analysis, rational utilization and processing of resources. The research funds are concentrated on the project support of the Ministry and the province. The research institutions include the Institute of Soil and Fertilizer of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University and other units. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the main cultivated varieties of edible fungi in Sichuan, such as Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinus edodes, Auricularia auricula, Tremella, Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus blazei Murrill, have been selected and widely used in production. At the same time, the breeding of high-grade rare edible fungi such as Agrocybe aegerita, Pleurotus nebrodensis and Pleurotus eryngii has also made great progress, and the wild rare edible fungi Morchella has been successfully cultivated in large areas in the field. These new varieties have created remarkable economic and social benefits, and changed the passive situation that new varieties of edible fungi in Sichuan have always relied on introduction.
In terms of breeding methods, the combination of traditional breeding methods and modern breeding techniques, the introduction of protoplast fusion technology and molecular marker-assisted breeding technology into the field of edible fungi breeding, effectively changed the shortcomings of low efficiency and blindness in the current edible fungi breeding, and laid the foundation for further clarifying the genetic background of large fungi and breeding breakthrough new varieties.
In terms of production and cultivation techniques, the combination of introduction and independent research has developed efficient production and cultivation techniques suitable for Sichuan's special ecological environment, such as ear-less cultivation techniques of auricularia auricula, double-film and two-stage bag cultivation techniques of Lentinus edodes, cultivation techniques of Ganoderma lucidum short-jointed wood clinker, field cultivation techniques of Agaricus bisporus in Sichuan, interplanting with dictyophora indusiana in corn fields, etc., which have improved product quality, reduced production cost and reduced labor intensity.
New progress has been made in salt (acid) curing, dehydration, canned water, processing technology of clean water in soft packaging, development of edible fungi health food, and research on submerged fermentation technology of edible fungi. In the aspect of deep processing, the extraction and purification technology of functional components such as ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and triterpenoids was also studied.