Ji Kang (223 ~ 262), whose real name is Ye Shu, was a writer, thinker and musician of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period, one of the representatives of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", who was known as Ji Zhongsan in the world. He is extraordinary in appearance and good at melody. His works include Changqing, Short Qing, Long Side and Short Side, which were collectively called "Jisi Square" and "Cai Wu Square" in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Formerly known as Xi, his ancestral home was Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). In order to avoid enmity, his ancestors moved to Luo County, Qiao County (now Linhuan Town, Suixi, Anhui Province), and because of Lushan Mountain in his family, he changed his surname to Ji. He lost his father in his early years and his family was poor, but he was still inspirational and diligent, and he was proficient in literature, metaphysics and music. He married Cao Cao's great-granddaughter Changle Pavilion. Si Mazhao wanted to win over Ji Kang, but Ji Kang tended to be on the royal side in the political struggle at that time and took an uncooperative attitude towards Sima Shi, so he was quite jealous. Zhong Hui, Si Mazhao's confidant, wanted to make friends with Ji Kang, but he was given a cold shoulder. Since then, he has made a feud. Ji Kang's friend Lu An was falsely accused by his brother as unfilial. Ji Kang came forward to defend Lu, and Zhong Hui advised him to take the opportunity to get rid of Lu and Ji. One of the evidences is "breaking up with Shanjuyuan". At that time, 3000 Thai students asked for pardon of Ji Kang and were willing to worship him as a teacher, but they were rejected. When he died, Ji Kang looked as cool as a cucumber. After playing Guangling San, he said: "Yuan Xiaoni wanted to learn Guangling San from me, and I learned it every time. Guangling San is now unique!" Die calmly, although the family background is Confucianism, but knowledge is not taught by teachers, only Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi speak well. Married into the Wei imperial clan, the official is scattered in the doctor, so it is also called scattered in the middle. Advocating the way of natural health preservation, he wrote the theory of health preservation, and advocated that "the more famous, the more natural." He made close friends with Wang Rong, Liu Ling, Xiang embroidery, Dan Tao, Ruan Xian and Ruan Ji, and was called "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Later, because of different interests, he went to be an official and took him as his own generation, and then wrote a book and broke up with Tao; Because of the estrangement from Zhong Hui, he was killed in Si Mazhao at the age of forty and became a general. Ji Kangshan is famous for playing the swan song Guangling San. There is San Ji in Jizhong, with Ji Kang in Jizhong compiled by Lu Xun as the essence. Like to strike while the iron is hot. Sun Deng once said: "The way of self-protection is insufficient". In the philosophy of life, his proposition is: not Tang Wu, but thin Zhou Li, the more famous, the more natural. Fierce and unrestrained. Interestingly, before Ji Kang was executed, the most reassuring arrangement for his children was to let them take refuge in Dan Tao (Juyuan Mountain). After Ji Kang's death, Dan Tao took good care of and raised his children. Deduct a story of "gentlemen are harmonious but different".

Ruan Ji

Ruan Ji (2 10-263) was a writer and thinker at the end of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. Black Sect, one of the seven sages of bamboo forest. Wei people, once a captain of the infantry, were called "Ruan Infantry" in history. Worship the learning of Zhuangzi and Zhuangzi, but take a cautious attitude to avoid disasters politically. With Ji Kang, Liu Ling and other seven people as friends, they often gather under bamboo forests and enjoy themselves, and are known as the seven sages of bamboo forests in the world. Ruan Ji is the representative of the "beginning sound", among which 82 poems about the bosom are the most famous. Ruan Ji expresses his feelings through different writing techniques such as metaphor, symbol and sustenance, and satirizes the present with the help of the past, thus forming a poetic style of "grief, indignation, sadness and obscurity". Besides poetry, Ruan Ji is also good at prose and ci-fu. Of the nine essays, the longest and most representative is Biography of Mr. Adult. In addition, there are six poems, such as Qing Si Fu and shouyangshan Fu. There are ode to a dove and ode to a monkey. Thirteen volumes of Ruan Ji Ji Ji Ji were recorded in Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi, but I'm afraid it has been lost. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Pu compiled Ruan Infantry Collection, collecting books of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties 130. The closest thing to the Yellow Festival is Notes on Ruan Infantry's Love Poems. According to historical records, because Ruan Ji was brilliant and famous at that time, Sima Group in power tried to win him over, but Ruan Ji and Sima Group were always at arm's length. Ruan Ji was once the official given to him by Sima Group-Dongping Taishou. He took office on a donkey. As soon as he entered the yamen, the partition wall was torn down. Ten days later, he rode away on a donkey, as if he were joking. Later, he took the initiative to hire officials and became an infantry captain. His motivation is to take a fancy to a chef who is good at brewing in the infantry battalion. There are 300 bottles of wine hidden in the camp. During his two official positions, he only drank and ate meat with Liu Ling every day, drank in the wine village all day and never expressed any political opinions. Later, Si Mazhao wanted to marry Ruan Ji's daughter to his son. Ruan Ji was drunk for sixty days, so that Si Mazhao didn't have a chance to speak, so he gave up. These things were quite representative at that time and had a great influence on later generations. In fact, in the process of Ruan Ji's growth, his thoughts and attitudes have changed greatly. Ruan Ji received a very orthodox Confucian education when he was a child. Ruan Ji, who had never been in contact with the real society and was only immersed in books, was still influenced by this until his youth. His real idea is that in today's chaotic world, only by educating people with Confucianism can we achieve the goal of saving the world. Who else can do this? His thoughts can be seen in his early work On Music. In this article, he believes that the world is in chaos and the world is not ancient. People can be saved through music, and people will be happy when they are happy. After the ambitious Ruan Ji went to the society, he gradually realized that Confucianism was only the tool of the ruler, and it was impossible to achieve peace and realize his good wishes. So he had to turn to the school of Laozi and Zhuangzi very sadly, because in the world of Laozi and Zhuangzi, in the world of bamboo forests, although he can't "level the world", he can be independent, keep his mind free and beautiful, and he is also happy. However, Ruan Ji did not fully adapt, especially after Sima Jia launched the "High Ping Ling coup" to usurp power, Ruan Ji chose to completely indulge himself and escape. He often drives his own car, strolls around at will, and cries when he gets to the poor road. He's in pain. This is the saddest pain.

Shan Tao

Dan Tao (205-283) was a famous Juyuan, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". People from Huaixian County (now Wuzhi West, Henan Province) in the Western Jin Dynasty. I was lonely in my early years and my family was poor. Good theory of Lao zi and Zhuang zi, making friends with Ji Kang and Ruan Ji. Dan Tao is leaving his job and wants to ask Ji Kang to take his place. Ji Kang wrote to break up with him. At the age of forty, it was a princess book. Dan Tao turned a blind eye to Sima Yi and Cao Shuang's struggle for power and profit, and stayed out of the world. After Sima Shi came to power, he wanted to be attached to him and was promoted to a scholar. In addition to his doctor, he moved to the official department of Shangshu. Si Mazhao took Zhong Hui as an insurrection in Shu, and the Western Expedition and Ren Tao as marching chariots and horses. Zhao Jin was made public, and Tao advocated that he should be a prince. It is said that Wei proclaimed himself the emperor, made himself a great hero, added Che as a captain, and became the new boss. Out of Jizhou secretariat, the town of Bayinqu, collecting more than 30 talents. As a servant, he was moved to the official department of Shangshu, the prince of Shaofu, and the left servant. Every time an official chooses, he first follows the will of Emperor Wu of Jin and makes comments in person, which is called "Mountain Announcement". Because of my old habit, I have resigned many times and I am not allowed. After worshipping Si Tuleideng, he resumed his resignation and returned to China. There are ten volumes, which have been lost, and there are series books today. Although Dan Tao is the oldest of the seven sages of bamboo forest, he became an official very late. At the age of 40, Tao started a princess book with outstanding achievements and went to work in Henan, the state capital of Xiaolian. Biography of Dan Tao in the Book of Jin He first became an official about six years ago, but he ran away soon. Dan Tao's first official career was very short. At the beginning of eight years, he began to travel around bamboo forests with Ji Kang and Ruan Ji. After only a few years of seclusion, Dan Tao began his second official career. Dan Tao's second official career was related to marriage. Zhang Chunhua was Sima Yi's original wife, the biological mother of Sima Shi and Si Mazhao, and was later posthumously named Queen Jin Xuanmu. His career life in the next 30 years still played a huge role in the society at that time. He selected a large number of talents for the Jin Dynasty at that time, and was very strict with himself when he was an official. In the political atmosphere at that time, it was not easy for him to adhere to his discipline on bribery.

Dan Tao is the backbone of Sima's regime, so all the scholars in the past dynasties criticized him from orthodoxy, and even were honored as "two ministers" by later generations. But it is unfair to judge Dan Tao's evaluation in this way, because when he was an official, he did not persecute Cao Shi members, let alone kill honest people, but vigorously promoted talented people, which had a great positive effect on society. I paid homage to Zhao Xiangxiang and sent the ministers of the official department, such as Shangshu, Wendy and Tao Shu, saying: The first step is elegant, and I am too short of reading. 200,000 yuan has been paid today. As can be seen from the Biography of Dan Tao in the Book of Jin, Dan Tao did not live a luxurious life like some bureaucrats, but was elegant and clean. He selected talents for the court, not out of selfishness, but for the election. Before and after the election, there were almost a hundred officials around, and there was no brain drain; All the mentioned projects are as they say. Only Lvliang is used for imperial edict, which is different from the general will and does not use troops. Guangming is also looking for a bribe and a loser. It can be seen that Dan Tao is very different from the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest in being an official, and his active official career does have a gap with others. Three times, Ruan Xian was remonstrated as an official minister. Although Ji Kang wrote "Dear John" with him, Ji Shao, Ji Kang's son, was later dissuaded by Dan Tao and entered the official career. Dan Tao's official career lasted nearly ten years. Since the age of forty, he has served as a princess book and hero. He lived in seclusion because he foresaw Cao Shuang's murder, but was recalled soon after. Later, he became an official in Ma Zhaozhong, the third generation of Sima Yan's political power, and became the right-hand man of Sima's regime. Different from Ruan Ji Ji Kang, he seldom opposed Sima Shi's thought in his life, but closely revolved around Sima Shi's regime and became Sima Shi's Jin Dynasty. In his career, the most important positions are Shangshu Provincial Official Department, Shangshu Provincial Official Department, Shangshu Provincial Official Department and Shangshu Provincial Official Department. These positions belong to the official department, and their functions and powers are mainly to appoint officials and personnel, belonging to the central department. It is necessary to be familiar with the complicated personnel relations in the officialdom, and at the same time, it is necessary to be knowledgeable, which is just the right place for Dan Tao, who has always been proud of his political knowledge. The difference with other six sages: Although Dan Tao advocated Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi when he was young, he joined the ranks of the seven sages of bamboo forest, but he was not a romantic writer or an indifferent politician in essence, but a gentleman who adhered to secular etiquette. Dan Tao's character is basically that he may not be a person who can really enjoy himself. He is still in the world of mortals and has the ambition to make a name for himself. It is only because of his profound political knowledge that he avoided the world at the height of political struggle. Once the opportunity comes, he will still be an official. His friendship with Ji Kang and Ruan Ji is also an occasional spark. Therefore, in Ji Kang's "Breaking Up with the Mountain", he wrote, "The first step makes more sense than the other, and I blame many things for my frankness." The so-called "resourcefulness" tells the truth. Make a supplement to the paragraph "Break up with the mountain gathering source". In fact, Ji Kang wrote "Breaking up with Shan Juyuan" on another level in order to better protect his good friends. With this breakup letter, he won't get into trouble with his good friend because he doesn't cooperate with the government. Later, Ji Kang was killed. Before he died, he entrusted his child to Dan Tao, leaving a sentence: "Chrysanthemum Garden is here, you are not alone." Dan Tao is generous and thrifty. He doesn't ask much of an official and treats his friends honestly. Later generations only know one, but don't know the other, which is far-fetched.

Xiang Xiu

Xiang Xiu (about 227-272) was born in Huai, Hanoi (now southwest of Wuzhi, Henan). One of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest in Wei and Jin Dynasties. From officials to assistant ministers of Huangmen, they are all regular attendants of scattered riding. He wrote two articles, Zhuangzi, which invented curiosity and aroused Feng Xuan, Qiu Shui and Zhi Le, but he died before he finished writing his notes. After Guo Xiang's Narration and Generalization, it is not a book. Lost in his early years, the existing Zhuangzi Zhu can be regarded as Xiang and Guo's * * * works. He advocated the unity of "Zoroastrianism" and "Nature" and the unity of Confucianism and Taoism. Everything is free and easy, but "up and down" is also out of "nature", and we can't seek "freedom" to violate "bright focus". Good at poetry and songs. His mourning for Ji Kang and Lu An's "Thinking of the Old" is very sad and famous. He also irrigated the gardens in Yang Shan with Lv An to support himself. Ji Kang's home is in Yang Shan, which shows that the three of them have close contacts. But farming is not their hobby. In exchange for rural work, once you have leisure, you can travel with each other in nature, escape from the dark cage of politics and gain spiritual freedom. Although the three of them are so close, Xiang embroidery is different from Ji Kang and Lu. Ji Kang is arrogant and uninhibited, Lu is free and easy, and Xiang embroidery loves reading, so it is often laughed at by them. The exchange of three hearts can be seen from Xiang embroidery's "Thinking of the Old": "I am not rebellious when I am close to Ji Kang and Lu, but I am sparse and open-minded." According to Biography of the Book of Jin, Xiang Xiu loved the study of Zhuangzi, but he loved reading and studied Confucianism since childhood. When he was twenty years old, he wrote an essay on Confucianism and Taoism. It can be roughly guessed from the thoughts in his later work "Notes on Zhuangzi" that this article is to reconcile Confucianism and Taoism with the thoughts of Liu Ling, Bolun and Guo Pei (now Huaibei City, Anhui Province). One of the seven sages of bamboo forest, he is good at drinking and tasting wine. At the end of Wei, he joined the army for Jianwei. At the beginning of Jin Wudi's reign, he called for countermeasures and emphasized inaction, so he was exempted. He opposed Sima's dark rule and hypocritical ethics. In order to avoid political persecution, he became addicted to alcohol and pretended to be crazy. Once a guest came to visit, he was naked. When the guest asked him, he said, I take heaven and earth as my residence and my room as my clothes. Why did you get into my pants? His bohemian behavior shows a denial of moral standards. There is only one article, ode to wine virtue. He is only 1.40 meters high. He is not only short, but also extremely ugly. But his temperament is heroic, broad-minded and informal. I don't socialize with people at ordinary times, I'm taciturn, and I don't care about the world at all. He just had a good time with Ruan Ji and Ji Kang, and met them talking and laughing, so he joined the ranks of the Seven Sages. In terms of official position, he joined the army as Jianwei. It is said that during the Taishi period, he submitted his opinion for the first time, advocating inaction, but it was dismissed as useless. At that time, all his peers got high positions, and only he was removed from office. After becoming an official, Liu Ling drank heavily every day and finally died of alcoholism. On the contrary, in the troubled times when literati are easily killed, it is a great fortune to die. According to the biography of the Book of Jin, he often rode a deer cart with a pot of wine in his hand, ordered his servant to run after the cart with a hoe, and said that if I was drunk, I would bury it on the spot. "He is an alcoholic, so he is a degenerate. Once, he got drunk and quarreled with the people in the town. The other party rolled up his sleeves angrily and prepared to punch him. Liu Ling said quietly, I have a body as thin as a chicken rib, and there is a place to put my brother's fist. Hearing this, the other party laughed and finally put down his fist. Liu Ling was ill and thirsty, so she asked his wife for wine. The woman donated wine and destroyed the utensil, sobbing, "You drank too much. If you are not a doctor, you must stop it! " Ling said, "Very good. I can't help it. I hope ghosts and gods swear by themselves. You can have wine and meat. " The woman said, "I respect my life. "Give wine and meat to God, please swear. Ling knelt down and made a wish, "Sheng, she was named after wine; One glass of wine, one welcome, five games. Be careful not to listen to women. " He introduced wine into the meat, but he was already drunk. On one occasion, he was so drunk that he asked his wife to take the wine. His wife cried and spilled the rest of the wine on the ground and broke the bottle. She advised him tearfully, "You drink too much. This is not the way to keep fit. Please stop! " Liu Ling replied, "good! But I can't stop drinking myself. I must swear out before God. I want to trouble you to prepare wine and meat for the gods. " His wife believed it and obeyed his orders. So Liu Ling offered wine and meat to the altar and knelt down to tell him: "Born Liu Ling, named after wine; One glass of wine, one welcome, five games. Be careful not to listen to women. " Say that finish, took the wine and meat, and drunk. From this incident of cheating wine and meat, we can see his funny, intelligent and bohemian side. Not only people, but also ghosts and gods. As for drinking, all the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest like to drink, but Liu Ling is famous for drinking alone, which shows that he can drink a lot. Like Ruan Ji, his drinking may be forced by dark politics and dirty society, but he can really indulge in the chaotic world of wine country, unlike Ruan Ji and Ji Kang, who are full of resentment and even vomit blood after drinking. The way he drinks is also extremely heroic. Alcoholism naturally brings debauchery in behavior. Liu Ling is an alcoholic, and his thoughts are very close to those of Zhuangzi. Liu Ling often indulges in drinking, regardless of etiquette, and does whatever he wants. I learned something from Ji Kang and Ruan Ji, such as debauchery, absurdity, cynicism, lack of knowledge and courage, and being drunk all day. He is naked and often undresses and drinks at home. "Liu Lingheng binge drinking, or stripped naked in the house. Everyone laughed at it. Ling said, "I take heaven and earth as my building and my room as my clothing. Why did you come into my house? When a guest comes into the house looking for him, if someone laughs at him and Liu Ling boasts, he will proudly say, "Heaven and earth are my house, and the interior is my underwear. Why did you get into my crotch? "In addition, he also showed this situation in his masterpiece Ode to Wine Virtue. Liu Ling wrote a ode to wine virtue, which was from her heart. "Living in dirty troubled times, but unable to save the society at that time, Liu Ling had to abandon himself. At the same time, Ruan expressed his hatred of hypocritical ethics and his inner pursuit of natural innocence through his drunken words and deeds. Some adults regard heaven and earth as time, ten thousand periods are a moment, the sun and the moon are a moment, the eight droughts are a court, there is no trace, and the curtain is on the ground, which means this. Hold the bottle when you stop, and the pot when you move. Only wine is business, how to drink it is business, and how to know the rest. A gentleman named Chu Shi got wind of me and talked about it, but he gnashed his teeth with anger and talked about etiquette, which was the beginning of right and wrong. So, Mr. Fang held the trough, washed the mash with a cup, crouched on the basket, bent his pillow in a bad mood, carefree, happy and ceramic. When you are drunk, you wake up. After listening to the electro-acoustics, I turned a blind eye to the shape of Mount Tai, unaware of the cold and heat, the feeling of lust, overlooking everything, how to disturb like duckweed in Jianghan, how to wait for the side to win like an ankle and a moth to throw herself into the fire. The main idea of this article is: "There is a so-called adult gentleman who takes the universe as his home and thinks that 10 thousand years is only a blink of an eye." He can go wherever he wants, whether it's ok or not. Only wine is his pleasure, and he doesn't look at other pleasures. Hearing his comments, the gentry such as your son and Chu Shi didn't glare at him or criticize him politely. But Mr. Wang continued to pick up the glass in his hand, brushed off the turbid wine that fell on his beard and got drunk. He doesn't feel cold or hot, and he has no desire for profit. He regarded all the miscellaneous things in the world as duckweeds drifting on the river. "This kind of outlook on life is nothing more than the thought of" blessing and misfortune, life and death "of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi. The Book of Jin said that he: "Although dizzy, his machine should not be bad. I have never been interested in writing style, but I wrote an article "Ode to Wine Morality". In the article, he entrusted his pursuit of spiritual freedom to the so-called "Mr. Adult" and attacked Chu Shi, a noble son and gentry in hypocritical secular ethics. The full text is full of unrestrained satire. Although Ruan Ji hated that society, he had to live in the bureaucratic society of Wei, especially with the autocratic Sima family, which made him full of anguish. It became a sharp and happy curse (Biography of Mr. Adult). On the other hand, Liu Ling was not satisfied with officialdom from the beginning, and was not accepted by bureaucratic society. Therefore, his contempt for the owners in Ode to Wine Virtue is full of ridicule and ridicule.

Ruanxian

Ruanxian

Ruan Xian, born in Wei's family (now Henan) in the Western Jin Dynasty, was named Zhong Rong. One of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Ruan Ji's nephew and Ruan Ji are also called "big and small Ruan". Li Guan rode an assistant minister to level the satrap. Open-minded and informal. He was good at playing the straight-necked pipa, and later changed his name to Ruan Xian for short. Ruan Xian is not only good at playing, but also good at composing music. It is said that he wrote the popular piano music "Three Gorges Liu Quan" in the Tang Dynasty. In the poem of the same name, Li Jilan wrote a poem "Recalling the past and making Zhong Rong listen to it". 1950 The portrait of Ruan Xian, played by Ruan, was unearthed from the tomb of the Southern Dynasties in Xishanqiao, Nanjing, with a focused expression. Ruan Zhongrong lives in the south with the infantry, and Zhu Ruan lives in the north. Rich in the north and poor in the south. On July 7, Bei Ruansheng was drying clothes, all gauze Luo Jinqi; Zhong Rong hung a big cloth calf with a pole in the atrium. People are still strange, answer: "I can't avoid customs and talk to you!" " On July 7th, Ren's birthday has the custom of drying clothes. Ruan Xian was born in a poor family, so he hung calf nose pants in the yard (shorts, clothes worn by the poor, and celebrities in Wei and Jin dynasties like to wear calf nose pants in summer, indicating free and easy), which naturally showed the informality of Ruan Xian Renda. But it also shows that Ruan Xian's family is poor, but his superior family status and the status of the gentry have not been reduced. Ruan xian did not avoid customs, but he did something different. At this time, he is actually just a teenager, but his style is comparable to Ruan Ji, who is famous for "crying at the end of the road" and is his uncle. Together, they are called "Ruan Dayu". Although there is a generation gap between uncles and nephews, they are informal and often travel together like friends. The unruly lifestyle is really different. Like Ruan Ji, Ruan Xian despised etiquette all his life. On the one hand, of course, it is because they advocate the theory of Laozi and Zhuangzi and despise all kinds of so-called red tape; On the other hand, it is also a practical protest against the contemporary dignitaries. Because the political mainstream at this time is dominated by etiquette, advocating "ruling the world with filial piety", which is different from Cao Cao's "being heartless and unfilial, but having the skill of ruling the country with soldiers", and taking the abandoned etiquette as an excuse to consolidate power. Ruan Ji once said angrily, "Is ethical code for our generation?" At the same time, Ruan Xian, dressed in mourning, rode a donkey to chase a Xianbei maid, who secretly loved her. Ruanzhong was honored to have a humble maid from her aunt's family. Her mother mourned and wanted to move far away and stay in Yunchu as a maid. Send it and leave. Zhong Rong, wearing heavy clothes, chased the donkey and rode very tired, saying, "We must not lose this race!" " "That is, the mother of remote collection. Ren Birthday, a traditional etiquette system that transcends ancient times, is actually a great irony to the dignity of etiquette. Because the etiquette at that time had lost its original meaning. At that time, etiquette was very strict, and Ruan Xian's indulgence, drinking and having fun hindered his career more or less. All Ruan people can drink and are allowed to go to the * * * set in the middle of the world. They don't repeat the usual considerations. They sit around and drink to each other with wine in a big jar. A group of pigs came to drink and went straight to the table to drink. After reading this article, Ren's birthday article shows that pigs are actually the life of all things in the world, so why should they be distinguished? When I think of Zhong Rong's grand occasion of drinking with a group of pigs for an urn, I can also appreciate his heroic spirit of "heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything is one with me". Ruan Xian's "big" is arbitrary and arbitrary, which is different from Ruan Ji's "big" because of his helplessness to secular etiquette. These are their two differences. However, in the famous religious society, these behaviors have a positive effect on impacting etiquette and liberating personality. Because some etiquette people at that time were mean and dishonest, and the informality of celebrities just exposed and protested the hypocrisy of etiquette. Therefore, informality is only one aspect of its performance, and it is also another aspect. The mountain owner praised Ruan Xian as an official, saying, "If you have no desire, you will not move. The appreciation article (Biography of Ruan Xian in the Book of Jin) says: "Selected classics, the cloud says:" Ruan Pu has no desire and knows the turbidity, so he is unmoved. If you are an official, you will die. " "This is a high opinion of Ruan Xian. Although Ruan Xian is informal, he can be chaste and abstruse, and he is not moved by foreign things. This is the quality of Zhuangzi's metaphysics. The more famous it is, the more natural it is. This shows that informality is its manifestation, chastity is its inner world, and this is the spiritual essence of celebrities. If you are only informal, you are just crazy and you can't be a real celebrity. Unfortunately, Emperor Wu of Jin was still addicted to the wine country under the connivance of Ruan Xian, and did not reuse it. Among the seven sages of Ruan Xian and Xun Yu, besides Ruan Ji and Ji Kang, Ruan Xian is also an outstanding musical genius. Although listed as one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", his literary works have not been handed down, but are known to the world for their musical achievements. Yan Yanzhi said, "What's the use of the arrival sound? Knowing that he is performing in a golden melody means praising his high musical attainments. Xun Xu was good at explaining the sound, and he understood it as soon as he spoke, so he tuned the music, and the music was elegant and harmonious. Every time he was in the right meeting, he made fun in the temple and tuned the merchants in the palace, all of which were harmonious. Ruan Xianmiao's reward was called divine solution, and the gangs had a good time, but their hearts said it was not harmonious; Yes, there's nothing to say. I was scared, so I went out and made the beginning of the platform life. A Fu Tian gets a jade ruler every week after plowing in the wild, which is the ruler of the world. Xunzi tried to correct the bells and drums, stones, silk and bamboo he had handled, but they all felt short. So Fu Ruan knew God. Ruan Xian's interpretation is higher than Xun Xu's, and Ruan Xian really knows phonology. He criticized Xun Xu out of kindness, hoping that he could find his own shortcomings and correct them. However, Xun Xu boasted himself, his heart was high, and he thought his musical attainments were invincible. In the face of Ruan Xian's accusation, he regarded it as sowing dissension and slandering Ruan Xian in front of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty. But because of this, Ruan Xian gained a place in the music history of China. It can be found that "wine and pleasure" are the two spiritual pillars of Ruan Xian's life. If another Ruan Xian said Ji Kang was a famous contemporary pianist, then Ruan Xian was a great pipa player at that time. During the reign of Wu Zetian, someone once got a bronze musical instrument in an ancient tomb, which was as round as a lute, similar to the musical instrument played by zhongruan, the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest. Chao Chang Shao Qing Yuan Hangchong thought it was made by Ruan Xian in the Jin Dynasty, so he ordered his subordinates to make it with wood according to the shape of this bronze ware, and the pop-up sound was elegant. Besides, Ruan Xian himself is good at playing this instrument, so this instrument was once called Chinese Pipa or Chinese Pipa. Ruan Xian is divided into big, medium and small Ruan, but they are all the same, just different in size.

Wang Rong

Wang Rong (234-305) was born in Linyi (now Shandong). Minister of the Western Jin Dynasty, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Born in a rich family, young and smart. Also good at talking are Ruan Ji and Ji Kang. On a trip to a bamboo forest, I tasted it later and said, "The mundane things have returned, which is disappointing. He is the most vulgar of the seven sages. Among the seven sages, Wang Rong is the youngest. He is twenty-nine years younger than Dan Tao, twenty-four years younger than Ruan Ji and eleven years younger than Ji Kang. Wang: "I have lived with Ji Kangkang for 20 years and have never seen his joy. "You can know that when Ji Kang was tortured to death, Wang Rong was twenty-nine years old, and Wang Rong knew Ji Kang at the age of nine and was very close at the same time. Wang Rong met Ruan Ji when he was fifteen. His father Wang Hun is an official. He and Ruan Ji are colleagues and close friends. I also live in Shang's official residence with my father. Every time Ruan Ji visits Wang Hun, he will say a few words and go to Wang Rong's room. It took a long time to talk about it. Ruan Ji said to Wang Hun, "He is so handsome that you don't deserve him. Talking to Arong is much more interesting than talking to you. " Nevertheless, Wang Rong is quite different from Ruan Ji and Ji Kang in temperament and ambition. During the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, he successively served as Huang Menlang, Chang Shi, Hedong Taishou, Jingzhou Secretariat, and entered Anfeng County. Later, he moved to Guangluxun and Shangshu in the official department. Hui Di, an official of Stuart. I am obsessed with fame and fortune and have nothing to say about it. Sex is extremely greedy and stingy, and the countryside is all over the States, without accumulation. Every time I gnash my teeth and count day and night, if it is insufficient. The Rong family has good plums and often sells them, but they are afraid of others' planting and often sell them, so they are ridiculed by the world.