Medicinal diet is the product of the combination of China's traditional medical knowledge and cooking experience. It is a food and drink with dietotherapy function, which is made of medicine and food as raw materials and processed by cooking. It "combines medicine with food", which not only takes medicine as food, but also gives food medicine; It not only has nutritional value, but also can prevent and treat diseases, strengthen the body and prolong life. Therefore, medicated diet is a special diet with both medicinal efficacy and delicious taste. It allows consumers to nourish their bodies and treat diseases while enjoying delicious food.
In order to achieve health, besides paying attention to the adjustment of daily living habits, the adjustment of diet can also achieve the purpose of health preservation. China's life experience for thousands of years has experienced Shennong's herbal classics, dietotherapy materia medica and even compendium of materia medica. The combination of food and medicine has evolved into a culture of "homology of medicine and food". In the development of medicine in China, prevention is the first, and the way of prevention is to follow the principle of natural treatment. Moreover, Chinese medicine attaches great importance to "the right medicine", so before choosing the right Chinese medicine for food supplement, we must first understand the physique, so as not to make the choice too biased and lose its meaning.
How to know the constitution can be roughly understood from the performance of life, which is generally divided into three types (1): the constitution of heat syndrome will have symptoms such as tension, excitement, hyperactivity, inflammation and congestion. In daily life, people are thirsty, like cold drinks, urinate less and show yellow and red color, constipation and so on. Their spirits are easily excited; The constitution of cold syndrome is flaccidity, atrophy, decline, weakness, anemia and other symptoms In daily life, the mouth is not thirsty and likes hot drinks, and urination is mostly light-colored. Women's physiological cycle is slow and they are depressed. (2) Deficiency constitution: People with positive constitution are full of energy, strong in speech, full of physical strength, sweating and prone to constipation; However, people with deficiency syndrome are weak, weak, sweaty, prone to diarrhea and pale. (3) constitution of dryness-dampness syndrome: people with dryness-heat constitution are short of water, prone to thirst, dry cough and constipation, and women have less menstruation; There is too much water in the body with wet constitution, which is prone to symptoms such as hypertension, edema, abdominal sound, excessive phlegm or diarrhea.
Knowing the constitution, we must know the nature of medicine (food) in order to prove medicine (food). According to the cold and heat of constitution, medicine (food) is also divided into (1) tonic properties: tonic medicine (food) can enhance people's resistance and increase people's vitality, which is suitable for people with weak constitution, but it is easy to cause constipation for people with excessive constitution. Antidiarrheal drugs (food) help to excrete the virus, and can improve constipation, congestion, inflammation and other symptoms of people with excessive physique, while those with weak physique may have diarrhea due to excessive consumption, making their physique weak and reducing their resistance to viruses. (2) Warm and cool: Warm medicine (food) can make the body generate heat energy, increase vitality, and improve the body function of decline, atrophy and anemia. People with warm constitution will be overexcited or excited after eating, resulting in insomnia, redness, congestion and constipation; Cold medicine (food) can calm the mind, reduce temperature and diminish inflammation in the body, improve hyperactivity, inflammation, excitability and congestion, and eliminate symptoms such as insomnia, swelling and inflammation. If people with cold constitution eat too much, the symptoms of cold syndrome and anemia will be more serious. Among the daily fruits and vegetables, warm foods such as leek, onion, garlic, pepper, ginger, pepper and other spicy seasonings, pumpkin, kohlrabi, litchi, guava, papaya and so on. And cool food such as celery, spinach, Chinese cabbage, water spinach, tomato, radish, towel gourd, bitter gourd, cucumber, kelp and watermelon. You can usually choose the right fruits and vegetables to eat in moderation, but you still have to eat them.
1- 1 vegetables
1- 1- 1 rhizome
(1) Potato Potato, also known as potato, is a tuber of Solanaceae, which is native to Chile and Peru in South America and is widely planted all over the world. Mainly harvested in summer and autumn, it can be used as a staple food or as a vegetable. Potatoes are sweet and have the functions of invigorating qi and spleen, diminishing inflammation and detoxifying. They are suitable for treating duodenal ulcer, chronic stomachache, habitual constipation and skin eczema. Can be used for treating gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, chronic stomachache, habitual constipation, nausea and skin eczema. Potatoes are rich in starch, protein, phosphorus, iron, inorganic salts, vitamins and other nutrients. When eating potatoes, you should pay attention to the fact that potatoes contain solanine, which is usually very small. Once germinated, the solanine content in bud eyes, roots and green ulcerated places will increase sharply. This is a toxic alkaloid, which will cause human poisoning if eaten carelessly, so sprouted or festered potatoes are not edible.
(2) Sweet potato
Sweet potato, also known as sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato and sweet potato, is the root tuber of sweet potato in convolvulaceae. The origin of sweet potato is America. In the Ming Dynasty, it was discovered in Luzon (now the Philippines) by an overseas Chinese named Chen Zhenlong in Changle County, Fujian Province. Sweet potatoes are fragrant and delicious, and the yield is extremely high. This is a good food crop, which was transplanted back to China. Sweet potato has the effects of strengthening the spleen and stomach, nourishing the heart, eliminating sores and reducing swelling, and can be used for treating dysentery, damp-heat, jaundice, nocturnal emission, stranguria, blood deficiency, irregular menstruation, diarrhea due to accumulation of alcohol, and infantile malnutrition. In folk, sweet potato is often used to treat eczema, poisonous insect bites, night blindness and other diseases. Sweet potato is rich in sugar, protein, inorganic salts, fat, vitamins A, C, carotene and other nutrients. There are many varieties of sweet potatoes, which can be generally divided into edible roots and edible stems and leaves. It should be noted that sweet potato will produce acid in the stomach, and patients with gastric ulcer and hyperacidity should not eat it. After eating sweet potatoes, people with allergies may have symptoms such as skin flushing, rash, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, severe fever and even coma, so people with allergies should pay attention. Sweet potato with black spots can make people toxic, and its toxicity is caused by black spot virus, which is not easy to be destroyed by steaming, boiling and baking at high temperature. After eating raw and cooked sweet potato with black spots by mistake, the poisoning symptoms are: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and so on. In severe cases, the body temperature rises or even dies.
(3) Garlic
Garlic, also known as gourd garlic, melon garlic and soybean garlic, is the bulb of garlic in Liliaceae. Garlic is mild and spicy, and has the effects of reducing qi, dispersing granules, expelling wind and cold, detoxifying and dispersing carbuncle. Can be used for treating diarrhea, hematemesis, edema and other diseases. Allicin contained in it has bactericidal and anticancer effects, and allicin can stimulate the secretion of gastric juice, stimulate appetite and help digestion. Garlic oil can reduce blood lipid and is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Garlic contains protein, lipids, sugars, vitamin B, vitamin C and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron. When eating garlic, you should pay attention to people who have fever all over and have poor sleep at night (especially women with obvious menopausal disorders and people who have lost too much blood after major surgery) and people with fever in eyes, mouth, teeth, throat and tongue should not eat it. People with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer or chronic gastritis had better not eat it, because garlic can stimulate gastric mucosa and increase gastric acid. After eating, if you feel hot and thirsty, it means that you have eaten too much, so you should reduce the dosage or not eat at all.
1- 1-2 leafy vegetables
(1) Chinese cabbage
Chinese cabbage, also known as cabbage, cauliflower, chicken feather and oil cabbage, is the tender stem and leaf of Cruciferae herb cabbage. Chinese cabbage is sweet in taste and light in nature. It has the effects of clearing away heat, relieving annoyance, inducing diuresis and detoxicating, and can be used to treat constipation, peptic ulcer bleeding and other diseases. The minerals contained in it can promote bone development, accelerate human metabolism and enhance the hematopoietic function of the body. Nutrients such as carotene and nicotinic acid are also important substances to maintain life activities, and a large amount of crude fiber can promote intestinal peristalsis, help digestion and keep defecation smooth. Besides being rich in minerals, carotene and nicotinic acid, it is also rich in vitamins, sugar, protein and fat. Because Chinese cabbage is slightly cold, people with weak spleen and stomach and loose stools should not eat more or cold food, and boil it for too long to avoid nutrient loss.
cabbage
Cabbage, also known as cabbage, cabbage, cabbage and glassware in Taiwanese, is the stem and leaf of cruciferous cabbage. Originated from the Mediterranean coast, it was introduced to China in about14th century, and was planted in this province when the Dutch occupied it. It is one of the vegetables in the world. The main stem of Chinese cabbage is thick and short, and the outer leaves are about 10. The heart leaves begin to grow from the inside out and wrap around each other to form leaf balls, and the tighter the cold leaf balls are, the more oblate they become. Cabbage tastes sweet, has the functions of benefiting the spleen and stomach and relieving pain, and can be used to treat epigastric pain, lethargy, acute abdominal pain and other diseases. It is rich in vitamins, sugar and other ingredients, among which vitamin A is the most, and contains a small amount of K 1, U, chlorine, iodine and other ingredients. Especially K 1 and u are anti-ulcer factors. Therefore, eating cabbage regularly can relieve mild ulcer or duodenal ulcer, and is suitable for people of any constitution to eat for a long time. In addition, some chemicals containing sulfides are special components of cruciferous vegetables, which have anti-cancer effects. Among them, cabbage, carrot and cauliflower are the most famous, and they are called the three musketeers.
1-2 fruit
(1) guava
Guava, also known as Lan Caihe Ba, is native to tropical America and cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Taiwan Province Province was planted as early as 200 years ago. It was planted on an exotic species. Excellent varieties were introduced from Hawaii and Asia from 19 15 for trial planting, and some excellent varieties were selected from seedlings. Cultivated varieties are pear, Thailand, 20th century, crystal and pearl. Pear-shaped fruit is full, not easy to soften, with sugar content of 10~ 12, crisp pulp, good flavor and excellent quality. It is the fruit of Psidium guajava of Myrtaceae. Sweet and astringent, it has astringent, antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory and hemostatic effects. Guava leaves and fruits can be used as adjuvant food for children and diabetic patients with acute and chronic enteritis, dysentery and dyspepsia. Fresh leaves can be used externally to treat traumatic sprain, traumatic bleeding or chronic carbuncle. Guava is rich in vitamins, sugar, amino acids and other ingredients. However, it should be noted that habitual constipation, postpartum constipation and constipation caused by physical weakness after illness should not be taken.
(2) Loquat
Loquat was called "no summer fan" in ancient times, also known as "virtual orange", which was named because its leaves were shaped like pipa. It is a mature fruit of loquat in Rosaceae. Loquat is sweet, cool and slightly sour, and has the effects of relieving cough and resolving phlegm, moistening lung and promoting fluid production, regulating stomach and lowering adverse flow. Can be used for bronchitis, hoarseness, thirst, dry throat, retching and eating less. Loquat is rich in sugar, vitamins B, C, fat, protein, sodium, potassium, iron and phosphorus. However, it should be noted that people with diarrhea due to spleen deficiency should not take it. The kernel of loquat contains highly toxic hydrocyanic acid, which can make people poisoned if eaten by mistake.
1-3 dried fruits
(1) chestnuts
Chestnut is also called big chestnut, chestnut, hairy chestnut and ginseng fruit. It is the kernel of Castanea mollissima of Fagaceae. Chestnut is sweet, has the functions of tonifying kidney, strengthening bones and muscles, and promoting blood circulation, and can be used to treat diseases such as diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, soreness of waist and knees, diarrhea and bloody stool. It is rich in protein, fat, starch, carbohydrates and vitamins. Both fresh chestnuts and dried chestnuts can be eaten. It can be eaten raw, fried and boiled, and can also be used as ingredients for dishes, soups, soups, rice porridge, cakes and so on. Or fried and ground into chestnut powder to make cakes, and cooking is also good. However, it should be noted that overeating is easy to cause indigestion, and people with spleen deficiency and dampness are not suitable for eating.
(2) peanuts
Peanut is also known as longevity fruit, papaya, groundnut and chitose. It is the seed of peanut. Peanut is sweet, and has the effects of invigorating spleen and stomach, moistening lung and resolving phlegm, nourishing and regulating qi, clearing throat and benefiting throat. Can be used for dry cough, nausea, beriberi and other diseases. Most of the fat contained in peanut coat is unsaturated fatty acid, which has the functions of lowering cholesterol and moistening skin, and contains lecithin and cephalin, which are important substances needed by nervous system and can make people smart. Peanut skin contains more vitamin B 1. Peanut is rich in protein, fat, riboflavin, lecithin, vitamins and trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus and iron. However, it should be noted that aflatoxin is easily produced in damp and moldy peanuts, which can lead to liver cancer. Peanut contains more protein and fat, so you should not eat too much at a time, especially for people with fever, weak stomach and diarrhea in loose stool.
1-4 meat
1-4- 1 poultry
(1) Chicken
Chicken, also known as Candle Night, is the meat of pheasant and one of the most eaten meats by the general public. There are many kinds of chickens in Taiwan Province Province, which are generally divided into broiler, imitation chicken and native chicken. Chicken is sweet, has the effects of nourishing, strengthening spleen and stomach and strengthening bones and muscles, and is suitable for the elderly, physical weakness, tuberculosis, impotence, gastroptosis and other diseases, such as gastrointestinal weakness. Chicken is rich in protein, vitamins and other ingredients, and it is a kind of meat with high protein and low fat. Vitamin B 12 contained in vitamins can maintain the health of nervous system and eliminate restlessness. Black-skinned chickens, commonly known as black-bone chickens, have strong therapeutic functions.
(2) Duck
Ducks are called emus in ancient books. Duck meat is the meat of domestic ducks, which is sweet in taste and cold in nature, and has the functions of nourishing the body, benefiting qi and nourishing the heart, and harmonizing the stomach. Duck meat is commonly used in folk, which can nourish yin, tonify deficiency, induce diuresis and reduce swelling, and is especially beneficial for people with low fever, physical weakness, eating less loose stool and edema. The nutritional components of duck meat include protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, vitamin B 1, B2, sugar and so on. However, because duck meat is cold, patients with upper abdominal pain, diarrhea, low back pain, dysmenorrhea and other symptoms caused by cold should not eat duck meat, and those with yang deficiency and spleen deficiency and unknown exogenous diseases should also avoid eating duck meat.
1-4-2 livestock
Pork is an important raw material for Chinese food. It can make hundreds of different styles of dishes and is a favorite food for the general public. However, pork contains fat and cholesterol, arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and the elderly and infirm should not eat more.
(2) cattle
Beef is the meat of cattle or buffalo, which is sweet and nutritious. Its protein content is twice that of pork, and it has the effects of invigorating the middle energizer, strengthening the spleen and stomach, and strengthening the bones and muscles. Beef has a low fat content, which is five times lower than pork, and is rich in cholesterol, amino acids, vitamins and trace elements. Because of its remarkable fitness effect, it is safer for patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease, and it is a real fitness food. However, people suffering from scabies, eczema and itching should eat carefully.
1-4-3 fish
(1) carp
Carp belongs to CYPRINIDAE. Carp is sweet and warm, and has the effects of preventing miscarriage, promoting lactation, eliminating dampness and promoting diuresis. Can be used for the treatment of dysuria, edema, cough and asthma, jaundice, polydipsia, edema of pregnancy, fetal distress, and galactorrhea. Carp is rich in protein, fat, minerals and vitamins, and it is a healthy food that is not easy to raise cholesterol. Generally speaking, it is better to make a light soup or take it with some Chinese medicines. But carp is easy to eat raw because of parasites, and it is not suitable for people with scabies, eczema and itching.
(2) Eels
Eel is the meat of eel or sea eel, belonging to the family Anguilla. Eel is sweet and has the function of nourishing and tonifying deficiency. Eel is rich in protein, calcium, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin A, vitamin E, EPA, DHA and other nutrients, which can provide us with the nutrients we need in life. In addition, eels are also rich in minerals and vitamins, among which DHA helps to improve eye vision (such as night blindness and amblyopia). It can greatly promote brain power and prevent premature delivery. EPA can prevent myocardial infarction, cerebral vascular embolism and arteriosclerosis. Vitamins have the functions of anti-aging, making skin tender, maintaining youthful appearance, accelerating the recovery of burns and scalds, supplying oxygen to the body, making the body last, relieving fatigue, strengthening bones and preventing osteoporosis. Collagen can repair skin wrinkles, increase skin elasticity and delay aging.
1-4-4 Crustaceans
(1) shrimp
Shrimp is crustacean, crustacean, crustacean, crustacean, crustacean, crustacean or crustacean. Both seawater and fresh water. There are many kinds of shrimp, such as shrimp, white shrimp, rice shrimp, prawn and lobster, which are very common and have high economic value. Shrimp is sweet, salty and warm, and has the functions of tonifying kidney, strengthening yang, promoting lactation and detoxifying. It is often used to treat kidney deficiency, impotence, weakness and various sores. Shrimp meat is rich in protein, vitamins, trace elements and nicotinic acid, especially protein, vitamin A, phosphorus and calcium. Shrimp skin has sedative effect and is often used to treat neurasthenia. Shrimp skin has a strong lactation function, and shrimp skin is rich in phosphorus, and calcium is especially beneficial to children and pregnant women. People suffering from scabies, eczema and itching should use shrimp with caution.
(2) crabs
Crabs, also known as Bo Huang, Su Guo, Turtle, Rice Crab, Hairy Crab, Portunus Crab, Blue Crab, etc. , belonging to the crab family, can be divided into fresh water production and seafood production. Crabs are salty and cold, and have the functions of clearing away heat, dispersing blood and breaking wounds. It can be used for treating bone and muscle injuries, scabies, lacquered sores, burns, etc. Crabs are not only delicious, but also nutritious. It is a high-protein tonic, and is also rich in vitamin A, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other elements. However, crabs should not be used for cough and diarrhea caused by exogenous cold pathogen, spleen and stomach deficiency and cold, or those who have suffered from stroke.
1-5 level
(1) meter
Rice is a plant belonging to Gramineae and Oryza, which is divided into japonica rice, indica rice and Java rice according to varieties, and japonica rice, indica rice and glutinous rice according to rice quality characteristics. The rice produced by indica rice is called indica rice, which is long, thin and flat, with weak viscosity and large expansion. Indica rice in Taiwan Province Province is commonly known as Milai, and rice produced by japonica rice is called japonica rice. Rice grains are thick, short, wide and thick, with strong viscosity and small expansion, which are mostly used to make rice cakes. Japonica rice in Taiwan Province Province is commonly known as Penglai rice, and the rice produced by glutinous rice is called glutinous rice. The shape of rice grain is similar to that of japonica rice, and its viscosity is stronger than that of japonica rice, which is suitable for wine making. 164 1 year, Christian missionaries in Taiwan Province province began to teach Pingpu rice in Kerry. 1752, Zheng Chenggong's army brought more rice varieties, such as Redmi, Wumi and MC Davi. And in the lower reaches of Gaopingxi, the "double winter" rice with two harvests a year was developed; After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 (1926), after Japan occupied Taiwan Province Province, a Japanese rice variety "Penglai Rice" was planted in Bamboo Lake in Taipei. Its rice quality is soft, the grain is smooth and the yield is high. After 1960 s, agricultural improvement flourished, and more and better varieties and rice quality characteristics appeared. Rice is sweet and light, and has the effects of tonifying the middle energizer, lung and stomach. Can be used for treating thirst, polyuria, spontaneous sweating and diarrhea. The nutritional value of rice is quite comprehensive and balanced, and it is rich in protein, fat, vitamin B, minerals and fiber, and rice bran contains 0. Rice bran oil can be extracted from 7-3% fat, and germ is rich in sugar, which is the main source of heat. When eating rice, it should be noted that glutinous rice is sticky and difficult to digest, and people with weak spleen and stomach and indigestion should not eat more.
1-6 Hua Lei
(1) Jasmine Jasmine, also known as Xiaonanqiang, Mulihua, Huanhua and Fuli, is the dried flower of Jasmine of Oleaceae, originally from India or Arabia, and the time of its introduction into China is unknown. Jasmine is sweet and cool, and has the effects of clearing away heat, relieving exterior syndrome, inducing diuresis and relieving depression. It can be used to treat dysentery, abdominal pain and other diseases, and can also be used as raw materials for food and cosmetics. Jasmine contains volatile oil, which is the source of its fragrance. Jasmine root is bitter and poisonous, which can cure traumatic injury and is suitable for external use.
(2) Lilac
Clove, also known as clove, clove, Queena Ding, chicken tongue, bougainvillea, bougainvillea, is the bud of clove tree in Myrtaceae. Clove is pungent and warm, and has the effects of warming the middle warmer, reducing adverse reactions, warming the kidney and strengthening the stomach, expelling wind and cold, relieving pain and spasm, and stopping vomiting. Can be used for treating epigastric cold pain, hiccup, emesis, chronic dyspepsia, uterine pain, hernia pain and other diseases. Clove contains volatile oil, vanillin and other components, among which clove oil is a commonly used medicine for treating toothache in clinical dentistry.