1888, William II ascended the throne, disagreed with Bismarck on many issues, and gradually became disheartened in Bismarck's cruel power struggle. 1890, 75-year-old Bismarck submitted his resignation to William II and officially retired. 1898 83-year-old otto von bismarck died in his hometown manor, and finished his memoir Thinking and Memories in his spare time. Although Germany was unified in his later political career, Bismarck, the bloody prime minister, still had to face many internal and external troubles. Domestic issues As far as domestic issues are concerned, at first, in the "cultural struggle" from 187 1 to 1877, they attacked each other and finally ended in mutual compromise. Then at 1878, he immediately began to "encircle the left" and promulgated extraordinary laws to suppress the Social Democratic Party. But at the same time, he also formulated many measures to protect workers, making Germany the first country in the world to have labor legislation, although many of them are superficial. Diplomatic issues On diplomatic issues, Bismarck did not want any foreign wars since the reunification of Germany, so that Germany could recuperate and cultivate its national strength. So unlike other European countries, he didn't plunder a lot of colonies. But he was worried about French retaliation, so he adopted an alliance policy and isolated France. First, 1873 concluded the "Three Emperors Alliance" with Austria-Hungary and Russia. However, in 1879, Russia withdrew due to the conflict of interests with Austria-Hungary in the Balkans, and Bismarck immediately renewed the Covenant with Austria, which was called the "German-Austrian Alliance" in history. But Bismarck was worried that Russia would switch to France, so he signed a reinsurance treaty with Russia in 1887. 1882 triple alliance was signed with Italy and Austria-Hungary. 1877, when the Russian-Turkish war broke out, Russia defeated Turkey and signed the Treaty of San Stefano, but this harmed the interests of Britain and France and other powers, so the powers invited Bismarck, who did not participate, to mediate. Results 1878, Berlin Conference was held in Berlin. In the meeting, he sided with Austria, but remained neutral on the surface, which made Russia a big loser. As a result, German-Russian relations deteriorated and Russia withdrew from the san huang League. These problems have been puzzling Bismarck's later reign, and even made him feel restless. The editor of this paragraph retired from politics on March 9 1888. William I is dead, and his son Frederick? 6? 1 William succeeded to the throne and was called Frederick III. However, he died 99 days after he ascended the throne. As a result, his son William II succeeded to the throne at the age of 29. The youthful emperor didn't want to be controlled by Bismarck, so he disagreed with Bismarck on many issues. Bismarck was 73 years old and had been in power for 26 years. As a result, in a series of power struggles, Bismarck gradually understood the truth that a dead rabbit cooks a dog and was disheartened. On March 1890, he submitted his resignation to William II and officially retired. After Bismarck's death, otto von bismarck lived in Friderichs Lu Manor near Hamburg and wrote his memoir Thinking and Memories. Finally, on July 30th, 1898, Bismarck, the world-famous iron and blood prime minister, passed away quietly at the age of 83.