Knowledge points of biological plant tissue culture in senior high school 1, matters needing attention in plant tissue culture:
(1) Precautions during inoculation: ① The inoculation room should be disinfected; ② Sterile operation; ③ Cross contamination should be prevented during inoculation; ④ Cover the bottle mouth immediately after inoculation.
(2) Before inoculating explants, the inoculation room and inoculation box must be disinfected, and the explants should be disinfected:
① One day before inoculation, four corners of the inoculation room were fumigated with formaldehyde solution and potassium permanganate.
② Spraying Lysol with sprayer in the inoculation room 1 hour before inoculation; Tables and chairs are also used for Su Shui wiping; The inoculation box was fumigated with formaldehyde solution and potassium permanganate.
③ Sterilize the sterilization room and inoculation box with ultraviolet lamp.
④ Before inoculation, the operator washes his hands with soap, dries them, and then wipes them with alcohol cotton balls.
⑤ Disinfect the explants with sodium hypochlorite solution.
2. In the process of dedifferentiation of plant organs, tissues or cells in vitro to form callus, the required conditions are: ① disinfection and sterilization; ② A certain concentration of phytohormones; ③ Suitable temperature; (4) Adequate nutrition.
3. Factors affecting plant tissue culture: ① preparation of culture medium; ② Selection of explants; ③ the use of hormones; ④ disinfection; ⑤ Temperature, pH and light.
4. Application of plant hormones in plant tissue culture: The key hormones in tissue culture are auxin and cytokinin; When auxin and cytokinin are used at the same time, the ratio of their dosage affects the development direction of plant cells; Use cytokinin first, then auxin, and cell division. 5. The seedlings differentiated during plant tissue culture need to be transplanted. When transplanting, the sealed membrane of the culture bottle should be opened for a period of time, so that the test-tube seedlings can grow in the culture room for a few days; When transplanting, the root culture medium should be washed with running water; Finally, the seedlings need to be transplanted to a sterilized new environment for a period of time, and then transplanted to the soil after the seedlings grow vigorously.
Knowledge expansion of biological plant tissue culture in senior high school 1, plant cell totipotency
(1) Concept: Any cell with all genetic information of an organism has the potential to develop into a complete organism.
(2) Principle: Cells contain all the genetic information of this species.
(3) totipotent expression conditions: it has a complete cell structure, is in an in vitro state, and provides some suitable external conditions such as nutrition and hormones.
2. Cultivation of new crop varieties
(1) haploid breeding:
① Process: plants (AaBb) obtain pollen (aB, ab, Ab and AB) through meiosis; In vitro anther culture of pollen (the technology is plant tissue culture); Obtaining haploid plants; Colchicine treatment was carried out at seedling stage; Normal homozygous diploid plants (aaBB, aabb, Aabb, AABB) were obtained.
② Advantages: obviously shorten the breeding cycle.
(2) Mutant utilization: Mutants will appear in tissue culture, and new varieties will be screened from useful mutants (such as screening mutants with disease resistance, salt tolerance and high protein content).
3. Production of cell products: Tissue culture of cells that can produce products beneficial to people, so that they can produce cell products in large quantities. Current situation: It is the last process to cultivate transgenic plants and plant somatic hybridization to cultivate new plant varieties.
4. Advantages of plant tissue culture:
(1) The reproduction of plants is not limited by the growing season.
② No virus.
③ The culture period is short.
④ Callus can be made into special biochemical products in tissue culture.
⑤ It can be propagated in a short time to save endangered plants.
⑥ Induce and differentiate into required organs, such as roots and buds.
⑦ Solve the problem that some plants have few or no seeds. For example, banana tissue culture can be used to obtain manual work to promote planting.
5. Production of culture medium: Prepare MS solid culture medium? Sterilization of explants? Inoculation? Cultivate? Transplant cultivation. Broth medium is mainly organic nutrition, while MS medium needs to provide a lot of inorganic nutrition. The operation flow of preparing MS solid culture medium: when preparing mother liquor, the concentrations of major elements and trace elements in inorganic matter are 10 times and 100 times respectively; Hormones, vitamins and a small amount of organic matter can generally be made into mother liquor with a mass concentration of 1mg/mL; The sub-packed culture medium is sterilized with high pressure steam together with other instruments.