Xiaoman solar terms folk custom
1, offering sacrifices to Che Shen
Sacrificing the car god is an ancient small custom in some rural areas. In related legends, "Car God" is a white dragon. In Xiaoman season, people will put fish, incense sticks and other items on the waterwheel for worship. The most interesting thing is that there will be a glass of white water during the sacrifice, which will be poured into the field during the sacrifice, meaning to bless the lush water source.
2. Sacrifice silkworms
According to legend, Xiaoman is the birthday of the silkworm god, so when Xiaoman is in the solar term, there is a silkworm blessing festival in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. China's farming culture is a typical "male ploughing and female weaving", and the raw materials of female weaving are mainly cotton in the north and silk in the south. Silk needs to be spun from cocoons, so sericulture is extremely prosperous in rural areas in southern China, especially in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.
Silkworms are pampered "pets" and are difficult to feed. Temperature, humidity, cold, mature, dry and wet mulberry leaves will all affect the survival of silkworms. Silkworms were regarded as a "godsend" in ancient times because they were difficult to raise. In order to pray for the forgiveness of "natural things" and the harvest of sericulture, people hold a silkworm prayer festival when they release silkworms in April.
There is no fixed date for praying for silkworms, and each family will hold a "silkworm release" on the same day, but the difference is no more than two or three days. Many places in the south have built "Silkworm Mother Temple" and "Silkworm Temple". Silkworm farmers should bow down to "Mother Silkworm" and "Silkworm God" at the Silkworm Prayer Festival, offering wine, fruit and rich dishes. In particular, we should make a cocoon of flour, tie a straw mountain with straw, and cover it with a "cocoon of flour" to symbolize the harvest of silkworm cocoons.
The patriarch summoned all the families, fixed the date and arranged the preparations. At the dawn of Xiaoman, he lit a torch to eat wheat cakes, wheat cakes and wheat balls. The patriarch took the drum gong as the signal, and everyone took the hammer as the signal. They set foot on the pre-installed waterwheel, and dozens of cars marched together to pump the river into the field until it dried up.
3. Xiaoman moved three cars.
Xiaoman Festival is in early summer, and it is cocooned, so it is just waiting for reeling. In the south of the Yangtze River, from the day when she was full, silkworm women used a silk reeling car to cook cocoons and began to silk reeling, and took rapeseed to Snoely to extract oil. During the drought, they used water trucks to scoop water into the ground, which is called "small man moving three cars" by the people.
4. Look at the yellow tip of wheat
In Guanzhong area, every year when the wheat is about to mature, the married daughter will go to her parents' house to meet the preparations for the summer harvest. This custom is called "Look at the yellow ears of wheat", which is very poetic. Son-in-law and daughter, like a festival, expressed their condolences to their parents with gifts such as buns, apricots and cucumbers. As the agricultural proverb goes, "the wheat is pointed yellow, and the woman cares for her mother." If she removes the shackles, her mother will take care of her enemies. " Before catching the summer, my daughter went to ask her parents about the preparation of the wheat harvest and catch up with Xia Hou. My mother went to visit her daughter again and cared about her work. And Xiaoman cried, much like a country girl's name.
5. Busy meetings in summer
In some places, summer busy parties are also held, the main purpose of which is to exchange and buy production tools, buy and sell livestock, buy and sell grain and so on. The duration is usually 3-5 days, and then you will sing big dramas for entertainment.
Health knowledge of solar terms in Xiao Man
1, it's cold
As the saying goes, "a small man is successful, and rivers and mountains are full." After a small full day, the temperature rises gradually, and the rainfall also increases obviously, so that the water in the human body gradually increases. In the peak season, we should prevent dampness. At this time, you can eat some foods that dispel dampness and strengthen the spleen. Winter melon, coix seed, lentils, etc. They are all foods for clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, which have the effect of promoting fluid production and quenching thirst, and have certain relieving effects on diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, adverse urination and rheumatic joint pain. In addition to food supplement, people with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold can also take Ophiopogon japonicus, chrysanthemum, honeysuckle and other Chinese herbal medicines in water.
When we entered Xiaoman, the weather became hot. At this time, you can eat watermelon, kelp, mung beans and other foods to cool down. Watermelon, kelp and mung bean are all cold foods. It is not advisable to eat on an empty stomach or eat too much at once in the morning. When cooking soup with kelp and mung beans, you can add dried tangerine peel and ginger, an isothermal food.
2. Pay attention to damp heat
Pay attention to "prevention before illness" in the peak season. When the temperature rises in Xiaoman season, the first thing to prevent is fever. The pace of urban life is tense, white-collar workers often stay up late and work overtime, and their diet is irregular. In addition, Chongqing's spicy and greasy diet will cause excessive internal heat in the human body over time. In this way, the superposition of external heat and internal heat will lead to a series of heating. Such as: mental stress, excessive heart fire caused by insomnia, aphtha and so on. During the small full season, citizens can drink warm water to promote metabolism and internal heat discharge.
Secondly, when the rainfall increases, we should also prevent wet disease. The hot and humid weather in Chongqing is easy to cause dermatoses such as beriberi, eczema and leg ulcers. In life, besides paying attention to diet, it is best to wear clothes with good permeability, cotton and light color. This can not only prevent excessive heat absorption but also be breathable and moisture-proof.
Step 3 adjust your mood
When I was young, the wind and fire were fierce and people were easily restless. At this time, we should adjust our emotions to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension and cerebrovascular accidents caused by violent mood swings. The ancients said that the main fire in summer should be in the heart, and the mind should not be overly excited in summer. At this time, you can take part in some outdoor activities, such as playing chess, calligraphy, fishing and so on. And you can also do morning exercises. Walking, jogging, playing Tai Ji Chuan, etc. They are all suitable, and don't do too strenuous exercise, so as not to sweat and hurt Yin and Yang.
Why is there a small full and no big full?
Generally speaking, the sun is considered full when it reaches 60 degrees of the yellow meridian between May 20th and 22nd every year. Twenty-four solar terms: "In mid-April, things are small and full."
From the agricultural point of view, "Xiaoman" is not only related to the fullness of wheat grains in the north, but also to the abundant rain in the south. At this time, the winter wheat summer sowing crops in northern China entered the filling stage, the seeds were gradually full, and the harvest was just around the corner.
In the south, as the saying goes, "the river is full". With the increase of rainfall, rivers and lakes in the south of the Yangtze River are often rich in water. Otherwise, it means catching up with the dry and rainy year. Therefore, the word "full" here means more rain.
Xiaoman season is a busy farming season. At this point, silkworms begin to cocoon, which means that sericulture families are busy reeling. "Jia Qinglu" mentioned: "Xiaoman first came here, and the silkworm woman cooked cocoons, treated the reeling of cars and worked day and night."
Among the 24 solar terms, there are slight heat and great heat. There is a slight cold and a "great cold". But there is a small full, but there is no "big full".
Folklore experts explained that severe cold, slight cold and intense heat are extremely cold and extremely hot periods. Because the duration of cold and summer is long, which is equivalent to two solar terms, and people just spend winter and summer on cats, so they are divided into two connected solar terms.
"But during the spring planting and autumn harvest, the agriculture is busy, there are many things, and the solar terms themselves have distinct characteristics. There is no need to name two solar terms that are connected in size.