1. If there are too many important function words in the classical Chinese of senior high school 18 and there are too many original sentences in the textbook, first give "must", "he", "household", "nai", "qi", "if", "what", "wei", "ye" and "one". The usage of function words in classical Chinese (super-detailed version) and 1 It is used as a conjunction. It can connect words, phrases and clauses to express various relationships. (1) It represents a coordinate relationship. Generally do not translate. Sometimes it can be translated as "you". For example, a crab kneels six times and has two claws. (2) Represents a progressive relationship. It can be translated as "he" or "and". For example, a gentleman is learned, but he cares about himself. (3) indicates the undertaking relationship. It can be translated as "just", "then" or not. Take it out of blue, but it's bluer than blue. ("encourage learning") (5) indicates a hypothetical relationship, which can be translated as "if" and "if". For example, those who are interested can expect the horse's head. (Feng Wanzhen) (6) indicates the modified relationship, that is, the linking adverbial. You don't have to translate it. For example, I've been thinking all day ... and occasionally as the subject, translated as "you". Weng Changquan, for example, will have to wait on his mother day and night if he moves to Beijing. (Remember Zhong Wang's Business Flight) 3. The disyllabic function word "gang" is placed at the end of the sentence, which means that the modal auxiliary words are limited and equivalent to "gang". For example, one person, one table, one chair and one fan. That's all. (Shi Shuo) and 1 together as prepositions. There are mainly the following situations: (1) tools and methods used to express actions and behaviors, which can be translated into "use", "take", "rely on", "according to what identity" and so on. For example. (Cao Gui Debate) All the other ships are inferior to each other. (Battle of Red Cliffs) Dazhong Cheng Fu Wu is Wei's private property ... (Monument to the Tomb of Five) (2) It acts as a guest, which can be translated as "ba". For example, Qin did not give Zhao Chengchi, and Zhao finally rejected Qin Bi. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) (3) No way. (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) When he was in command of the army, he was hungry and half dead. (Battle of Red Cliffs) (4) The time and place of introducing actions and behaviors are the same as "Yu", which can be translated as "in" and "from". For example, in December of the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong, there was a snowstorm in Beijing ... As for Taian. () Sometimes it can be translated as "leading" and "leading". For example, when the world changed, the king cut Hanzhong and made peace with Chu. ("Warring States Policy") (Childe) wanted to be a guest and died with Zhao. (Xin Lingjun stole the charm to save Zhao) 2. Used as a conjunction. There are many similarities between usage and "he", but it can't be used for turning relations. () can be translated into "and" "and" and so on, or it can be omitted. For example, if foreigners are nearby, there will be a lot of tourists ... (Traveling in the mountains) (2) It indicates the inheritance relationship, and the behavior before the "one" is often the means or way of the later behavior. It can be translated as "and" or omitted. For example, Yu and. It is often the purpose or result of previous actions. It can be translated into "er", "lai", "use" and "as a result". For example, writing Shi Shuo makes it last forever. (Shi Shuo) Take the money and send it away. (Monument to the Tomb of the Five) It is not appropriate to belittle yourself ... to block the road of loyalty and advice. Dare not add soldiers to ask Wei for more than ten years. The ancients ... were everywhere because of their profound thinking. ("You Bao Chan") (5) indicates a modified relationship, connecting adverbial and head language, which can be translated as "er" or omitted. For example, the trees are flourishing and the flowers are blooming in spring. (Tao Yuanming's "Wave upon Wave" leads to the result of the development or inference of things. For example, many people regard the book as a false surplus ... (Preface to Sending Ma Sheng to Dongyang) The surplus is to remember it, hide the simplicity of Li Yuan and laugh at Li Bo's ugliness. (Shi Zhongshan period) is based on 19 years, but the blade is new. ("Knowing Cows") means "doing". It can also be used to judge the word "yes". These words belong to the scope of notional words. Here are some usages used as function words. 1. Used as a preposition. Generally speaking, this sound is pronounced except passive. (1) The objects of actions and behaviors can be translated as "image" and "pair". For example, China people say, "Others are not humane enough." (The Story of Peach Blossom Garden) (2) indicates the substitution of action and behavior, which can be translated as "substitution" and "giving". For example, when it spread all over the world, it eliminated the residue and filth for the Han family ... (Battle of Red Cliffs) was dedicated to me. (Hongmen Banquet) (3) The time of action and behavior can be translated as "time" and "time". For example, in order to come, I asked you to tie a man across the king. (Yan Zizuo "Chu") 4 indicates action and behavior. All the noise in the world is for profit. (Preface to the Biography of Historical Records of Huo Zhi) ⑤ indicates the reason of action and behavior, which can be translated as "because" and "because". For example, I see it is difficult, I am afraid to take a warning, and I will act late. (6) indicates a passive relationship. Reading may sometimes have no initiative; Sometimes it is combined with "suo" to form "Wei suo" or "Wei suo". For example, those who insisted on blasphemy in the Yin and Zhou Dynasties would be laughed at by Tang Wu. (Wu Zhu) If they are not, they will be captured! ("Hong Men".

2. In classical Chinese, soldiers cut the plot, followed by the meaning of cutting hands and the meaning of soldiers. Sun Tzu's Art of War pointed out that "it is also good to defeat the enemy without fighting." So the soldiers attacked, cut back, cut back, and attack the city. "

In practical application, it can be divided into two categories and four levels. "Cutting" and "cutting" belong to the "no war" thinking; "Cutting soldiers" and "attacking the city" belong to the thinking of "cautious war". First, "going to the army to cut the plot" refers to a comprehensive operation that relies on strategic use, including political, economic, cultural and diplomatic means, and solves disputes in advance without waiting for the intensification of contradictions between the opposing sides. Second, the "second cut-off" refers to mobilizing the strength of the country and relevant countries to show their determination, producing overwhelming advantages or balance of power, supplemented by knowing the benefits, and achieving strategic goals through setbacks and compromises without resorting to force. Third, "two reductions" refers to the use of some military forces to solve the enemy outside the enemy's political and economic center of gravity, thus reducing the war losses to a minimum. Fourth, "attacking the city from below" refers to the last resort when the above three efforts fail, that is, seizing the enemy's strategic location and even all the territory. It must be admitted that in military confrontation, even if one side is in an advantageous and active position, it is not easy to achieve the goal of wiping out the enemy without fighting.

Soldier means, 1, weapon, weapon. 2, the army, soldiers. 3, war, military. 4. strategy. So soldiers and armies are the same,

3. The meaning of "soldier" in junior middle school classical Chinese is An: ① adjective, An: Enron, calm. From: Qing Fan Yin's "The Yue Proverb Attached to Poverty": "It is shameful to escape from hard work because of greed.

However, if you are used to flattery, you will be willing to live under others and be calm. Treat as usual, don't care.

Describe the face of difficulties without mind, calm mood.

Two adjectives, "safety", "stability" and "stability". The wind and rain are calm as a mountain. The hut was broken by the autumn wind.

Song ")

(3) Verbs, meaning "settle down" and "preserve health". Such as: food and clothing, husband dare to specialize. (Cao Gui Debate)

4 interrogative adverbs. Appear in interrogative sentences, before verbs, as adverbials. It is equivalent to "how" and "how". For example:

Jun 'an has something to do with Xiang Bo? ("The Hongmen Banquet")

There are thousands of luxury houses in Ande ... ("The Hut is Broken by the Autumn Wind")

⑤ interrogative pronouns. Used as an object in interrogative sentences, placed before verbs. Equivalent to "what" and "where". For example:

A. Is Pei Hongan there? ("The Hongmen Banquet")

Are you saying that this plan will be completed safely? ("Longzhong Dui")

Contrast: ① verb: approach: the story of the nuclear ship: compared with its knees, each one is hidden in the pleats at the bottom of the clothes.

Verb: Comparison: Longzhong Right: Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao is less famous and has fewer people.

(3) Verb: Compare, think it is the same as Longzhong Dui: Every time you compare yourself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi, you can't guarantee it.

(4) Preposition: And, wait until "Family": Than Chen, take six or seven hundred cars.

Meaning: ① noun: remote place. For learning: "There are two monks in Shu, one is poor and the other is rich."

2 adjectives: vulgar, vulgar. Cao Gui Debate: "Carnivores are contemptuous and fail to make long-term plans."

Adjective: frivolous. Peacock flies southeast: "people are mean and contemptible, which is not enough to welcome future generations."

4 verbs: despise, despise. "Diligence and training show health": "Confucius despises its tools."

Five modest words. Preface to Wang Teng Pavilion: "Dare to exhaust my sincerity."

Soldier: noun: weapon. In "Get more help from the Tao, get less help from the Tao", it is said: "The city is not high ... the soldiers are not strong and profitable." It also refers to military strength: "The south is settled today, and the armor is enough ..." 。