Get up slowly. You should wake up in the morning and rest for 5 minutes before getting up. Because the vascular elasticity of human body is the worst in the morning, sudden activity is easy to cause cerebrovascular diseases. People with coronary heart disease must lie in bed for a while before getting up to avoid angina pectoris and stroke. The high incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in winter is related to the sudden fluctuation of blood pressure. Therefore, for people with a history of hypertension, it is very important to keep blood pressure stable and prevent fluctuations. The key to keep blood pressure stable is to monitor blood pressure regularly and standardize medication. Patients with hypertension must adjust their antihypertensive drugs under the guidance of a doctor (the first medication in winter must be in the morning, not after breakfast).
3. Moderate exercise. Exercise according to physical and mental conditions, and do at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise every day. Be careful not to choose strenuous exercise such as mountain climbing, running and playing ball games. However, exercise should also have a certain intensity and be persistent, generally not less than three times a week, each time for 20 ~ 40 minutes. It is advisable to exercise without increasing the heart rate, or although the heart rate increases obviously, it will gradually return to normal after a short rest, and it is advisable to feel good about yourself without chest tightness, shortness of breath, cough and chest pain.
4. Reasonable nutrition. Dr. Wang Zhentao said that maintaining a balanced diet and nutrition is an important part of winter health care for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Quit smoking and limit alcohol, advocate a low-salt and low-fat diet, and the diet should be light and diverse. Eat more rice, flour and miscellaneous grains, fish, beans, eggs, milk, lean meat and other foods rich in vitamins and minerals, as well as fresh vegetables and fruits. Eat less animal oil, sugar, cream and coffee, don't drink cold water, don't eat cold food, and avoid spicy and greasy food. It is best to drink a cup of warm honey water before doing morning exercises or going to bed at night (diabetics can drink warm water). Not less than 6 glasses of water a day. This is convenient for diluting blood, ensuring relatively unobstructed blood vessels and reducing the onset of diseases. You can also drink green tea and a small amount of red wine in moderation.
5. Appropriate tonic. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, winter is the season when essence is hidden. At this time, due to the cold climate, the human body has higher requirements for energy and nutrition, and its digestion and absorption function is also relatively strong. Proper tonic can not only improve the body's disease resistance, but also lay the foundation for health in the coming year. Chinese medicine believes that the period from beginning of winter to beginning of spring is most suitable for winter tonic. How should patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases take supplements? Dr. Wang Zhentao pointed out that the tonic of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is different from that of ordinary people. The tonic of ordinary people is mainly "what is lacking". Patients should pay attention to the influence of their own diseases on their health, consider whether the tonic conflicts with treatment, the patient's acceptance of tonic and other factors, and make reasonable "food tonic" and "medicine tonic".
① "food supplement": for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases with symptoms such as chills, shortness of breath and fatigue, you can choose some mutton, chicken, rabbit meat, longan and bean products with warming effect; Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases with symptoms such as impatience, fever of hands and feet, anorexia, dry stool and edema. For those with internal heat due to yin deficiency, some products such as duck meat, goose meat, lily, yam, glutinous rice, mung bean, etc., which have the functions of tonifying deficiency, clearing heat, harmonizing viscera and benefiting waterways, can be appropriately selected. Mutton is warm, which can warm the spleen and kidney, stimulate appetite and strengthen the body. Longan contains protein and glucose needed by human body, which is easily absorbed and utilized by human body. Glutinous rice can strengthen the spleen and nourish the stomach, thus achieving the purpose of invigorating qi and nourishing blood. It is very beneficial to drink a bowl of longan porridge cooked with glutinous rice in cold season. Ginger and onion are rare winter supplements. Eating ginger regularly has always been considered as one of the keys to health care, especially to strengthen the cardiovascular system. Ginger is rich in gingerol, which can stimulate the heart and blood vessels to a certain extent, dilate blood vessels, make collaterals smooth and supply normally. Onion contains flavonoids and other substances, which plays an important role in lowering blood pressure, preventing thrombosis and protecting the main living organs such as brain and heart. In addition, diallyl disulfide and sulfur-containing amino acids contained in it can not only reduce blood lipid, but also prevent atherosclerosis, so it is an ideal food for preventing cardiovascular diseases.
② "Drug supplement": reasonable choice should be made under the guidance of a doctor. Ginseng, Radix Astragali, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Radix Angelicae Sinensis, which have the functions of invigorating qi, warming and promoting blood circulation, are more suitable for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as physical weakness, anorexia and mental fatigue. Cardiovascular patients with obvious deficiency of qi and blood can take Ejiao in winter; If you have symptoms of yang deficiency such as chills and backache, you can add black sesame and walnut kernel; People with weak spleen and stomach can add Chenpi Shanyao Decoction (Chenpi 10g, Yam 15g) to prevent stomach injury. The above products can be stewed chicken or duck, or boiled soup. Patients can find a doctor to prescribe according to their own situation. However, there are also some elderly people who accumulate heat, which is characterized by irritability, red tongue and yellow greasy fur, which are not suitable for drug tonic, and blind tonic will lead to excessive internal heat.
Dr. Wang Zhentao also pointed out that in winter, patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should pay more attention to maintaining a calm, optimistic and confident mood. Take part in more beneficial activities to reduce tension, anxiety and depression. If the elderly suffer from colds, coughs, headaches, palpitations and other minor illnesses in the cold winter, they should go to the hospital in time and be treated under the guidance of a doctor to prevent problems before they happen.