Can help digestion and promote metabolism. Drinking wine can increase the content of gastric acid and promote the absorption of minerals such as calcium, magnesium and zinc in food. Wine has a positive preventive effect on diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, and has a good effect on the control of diabetes. Supplementing human body heat, the calorific value of wine is equivalent to that of milk. Moderate drinking is good for health and can achieve the effect of beauty and health care. A small cup of semi-dry red before going to bed at night can also improve the quality of sleep and achieve the effect of removing bags under the eyes and losing weight. Wine is rich in vitamins, which can improve human immunity and enhance anti-cold ability. Wine is the most important processed product with grapes as raw materials. Wine has become a high-grade consumer product because of its cultural connotation. In China, its consumption has soared. Because wine comes from grapes, it retains most of the original nutrients of grape fruit, such as sugar, protein, inorganic salts, trace elements, organic acids, pectin, various alcohols, vitamins and so on. In the process of brewing and steeping grapes, not only new components different from grapes are produced in wine, but also the original nutritional components of most grapes in wine are increased accordingly (see Table 2), forming the unique flavor and nutritional value of wine. The volume fraction of alcohol in wine is low, about 7%~ 13%. Regular drinking can inhibit platelet aggregation, relieve stress [15], prevent the generation of reactive oxygen species, regulate metabolism, promote blood circulation, prevent cholesterol from rising, and at the same time play a role in diuresis, liver protection and anti-aging. The content of essential amino acids in wine is very close to that in human blood, and it is easy to be absorbed and utilized by human body. The content of zinc in wine is moderate, especially red grapes and red wine, which is suitable for human needs. Moreover, the content of ve and Vc in wine is high, which can benefit the skin and beautify the face; Wine can also help digestion. At present, the most effective phenolic substance in wine is resveratrol (with high medical and health care value). In the brewing process, resveratrol enters the fermented juice from the peel. Because of the different soaking time of peel, the resveratrol content in red wine is higher than that in white wine [17- 19], and grape products are much more diversified than other fruits. People also process grapes into raisins, grape juice, grape seed drinks, grape seed oil and other common products according to the needs of life, storage and transportation requirements of processed products, nutrition and health care functions and other factors. The nutritional components of most processed products are basically the same as those of grape fruits, but due to the influence of processing technology and product morphology, the nutritional components have changed accordingly. Taking raisins as an example, raisins come from grapes, but the content of sugar and iron increases after drying, which has the characteristics of good storage and convenient transportation. It is proud that, as the fourth largest flowering plant and 1 sequenced tree species in the world, the development of grape functional genomics will definitely improve the nutritional quality of grapes to the research level of molecular biology, thus injecting new impetus into the better development of grape industry. Grape has been in the first place in the world fruit production for a long time, and its yield and cultivation area are second only to citrus after the 1990s.
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. because
It is rich in minerals, amino acids and protein.
Nutrients have always been called "the king of fruits" in the fruit industry. China is rich in grape resources, with a total cultivated area of 4118.67 million hm2 in 2007.
The total output of grapes is 6.27 million, and the output of T wine is 66 1, 5 1, 000. The annual growth rate of T wine is as high as 37 1.05%, and the per capita annual wine consumption is 0, 1.5 1.05%, with an annual growth rate of about/. With the rapid development of China's economy, the change of people's eating habits and food structure, and the improvement of consumption grade, the consumption market of grape industry has been expanded from the aspects of appearance characteristics, nutritional value, medicinal value and cultural connotation of grapes and wine. The progress of science and technology has accelerated the new development or discovery of the nutritional composition and value of grapes, and the nutritional or medicinal products developed from this have emerged as the times require, such as grape seed oil, resveratrol capsules, procyanidins and so on. Although the grape industry has developed rapidly in China, most domestic consumers' understanding of the nutritional composition and value of grapes and wine is still at a relatively unfamiliar or incomplete stage. Therefore, the nutritional composition and value of grapes and the main characteristics of processed wine are comprehensively expounded in this paper, which will provide useful help for better understanding and utilization of grapes and developing grape industry.
1 nutritional components of grapes
Grapes are not only delicious, but also nutritious. According to measurement
It is certain that grape fruit contains 15%~25% glucose and fructose, 010/%~ 01%pectin, 0 13% ~ 165438 and other conventional nutrients. 0 13%~0 15% of various minerals, vitamins, amino acids, protein, crude fiber, etc. It also contains resveratrol (1%) and polyphenols (0 15%), which have been fully recognized in recent years.
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(see table 1). Due to grapes
There are differences in the types of nutrients contained in different tissues and their corresponding development values. The table lists the information of nutritional components in the whole fruit, and introduces the peel and seeds respectively. The role of sugar, protein and other ubiquitous nutrients has been neglected. Among the conventional nutrients, the content of soluble sugar not only makes grapes unique in flavor, but also contains far more calories than apples, pears and other fruits. ? In grape fruit, peel and seeds are also rich in nutrients (see table 1). For example, the pericarp contains resveratrol, anthocyanins and amino acids.
Ning, flavonoids, pectin, soluble dietary fiber [2]
Wait; Fruit seeds contain proanthocyanidins, grape seed oil, crude protein, crude fiber carbohydrates and ash.
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Wait a minute. Especially resveratrol and grapes in grape skins.
The content of proanthocyanidins in seeds is higher than that in other parts of grapes and most other fruit trees, which has extremely high medicinal value and has become an important nutritional and medicinal commodity in the world. In addition, the newly developed grape seed oil has attracted worldwide attention as a high-grade nutritional oil for infants and the elderly abroad and a high-grade health care oil for air workers and pilots.
Wine composition:?
1.80% water. This is pure water in the biological sense, which is taken directly from the soil by vines. ?
2.9.5- 15% ethanol, which is the main alcohol. After sugar fermentation, it is slightly sweet, giving wine an aromatic taste. ?
3. acid. Some come from grapes, such as tartaric acid, malic acid and citric acid; Some are produced by alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation, such as lactic acid and acetic acid. These main acids play an important role in the acidic flavor and balanced taste of wine. ?
4. Phenolic compounds. 1 to 5 grams per liter, mainly natural red pigments and tannins, which determine the color and structure of red wine. ?
5. 0.2 to 5 grams of sugar per liter. Different kinds of wine have different sugar contents. ?
6. Aromatic substances (hundreds of milligrams per liter) are volatile and varied. ?
7. Amino acids, protein and vitamins (c, B 1, B2, B5, B6, B 12, etc. They will affect the nutritional value of wine. ?
Therefore, moderate drinking is beneficial to human health, which can protect blood vessels, prevent arteriosclerosis and lower cholesterol. ?
8. Resveratrol is a very good antioxidant, which can not only help beauty, but also prevent some viruses from invading. ?
The efficacy of wine:?
1, red wine is the only alkaline alcoholic beverage, which can neutralize acidic substances such as big fish and meat, rice and wheat that modern people eat every day. ?
2. American medical experts have confirmed that red wine is rich in vitamins and minerals, which can replenish blood, reduce cholesterol in blood and prevent heart disease and hypertension. ?
3. Red wine can promote blood circulation and prevent coronary heart disease. ?
4. Antioxidants contained in red wine can resist cancer and aging, and prevent platelets from clotting into blood vessels. ?
5. Red wine is rich in phenolic compounds, which can prevent arteriosclerosis and maintain vascular permeability. ?
6. Red wine is rich in tannic acid, which can prevent tooth decay and radiation damage. ?
7. For women with mild anemia, drinking red wine can invigorate qi and promote blood circulation, beauty beauty, make the skin elastic, and also make the oil in dishes disappear, and promote the digestion ability of the stomach. ?
8. Drinking 2-3 glasses of red wine every day can greatly reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, and drinking before going to bed can also help sleep. ?