Confucius (September 28th BC1year-April BC1year), surnamed Kong, was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period (now Qufu, Shandong) and his ancestral home was Li Yi (now Xiayi, Henan), an ancient thinker and educator in China.

Confucius initiated the wind of private schools and advocated benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. According to legend, Confucius once asked Laozi for gifts, with 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages. He led some disciples around the world for thirteen years, and revised the six classics of Poetry, Calligraphy, Rites and Music, Book of Changes and Spring and Autumn Annals in his later years.

After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their re-disciples recorded the words and deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled the Confucian classic The Analects.

2. Laozi

Laozi was born in Guxian County of Chu (formerly known as Chen) in 57 1 year BC (the first year, the second year of Lu Xianggong and the fifth year of Song Dynasty). According to Historical Records and Lao Zi Han Fei Biography, Li Er is a native of Qurenli, Guxian and Chu.

Guo Lanfang, a professor of philosophy at Peking University, wrote in the book On Laozi's Philosophical Thought: Laozi, whose real name is Li Mingyong, was born in Qurenli, Chugu County at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. He used to be the curator and librarian of the Zhou Dynasty, and was the predecessor of Confucius. Once he asked him out of courtesy.

Extended data

The Analects of Confucius is a collection of quotations from Confucius and his disciples, which was compiled by Confucius' disciples and re-disciples until the early Warring States period. The book * * * consists of 20 chapters and 492 sections. It mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and embodies Confucius' political opinions, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles.

This book is one of the Confucian classics, and it is also called "Four Books" with Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius. Together with The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zhouyi and Chunqiu, they are called "Four Books and Five Classics".

Tao Te Ching is a philosophical work of Lao Zi (Li Er) in the Spring and Autumn Period, also known as Tao Te Ching, Lao Zi's Five Thousand Words and Lao Zi's Five Thousand Articles. It is a work before the separation of pre-Qin philosophers in ancient China and an important source of Taoist philosophical thoughts.

Tao Te Ching is divided into two parts. The first part of the original text is the Tao Te Ching, and the second part is the Tao Te Ching, without chapters. Later, it was changed to the Tao Te Ching in the first 37 chapters, and the Tao Te Ching in the last 38 chapters, divided into 8 1 chapters. ?

The text of Tao Te Ching takes "morality" in the philosophical sense as the main line, and discusses the ways of self-cultivation, governing the country, using troops and keeping in good health, but most of them aim at politics. It is the so-called "inner sage and outer king", known as the king of all classics, with profound meaning and wide tolerance.

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