Gymnosperms are widely distributed in the northern and southern hemispheres, especially in the northern hemisphere, almost all of which are distributed from low altitude to high altitude and from low latitude to high latitude. Although the number of families, genera and species of gymnosperms is far less than that of angiosperms, the coverage area is roughly the same. In high latitude and high altitude areas with cool to cold climate, almost all of them are simple forests or mixed forests formed by gymnosperms.

Angiosperms are the most evolved, diverse, widely distributed and adaptable groups in the world today. Angiosperms can occupy almost all extreme habitats and characterize them-forests, grasslands, deserts and many aquatic habitats.

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Except for a few groups, gymnosperms all have biflavonoids, and the common ones are amentoflavone, hormone, ginkgetin, xanthophyll and astaxanthin. Flavonoids are common, such as coriander, kaempferol and myricetin.

Alkaloids only exist in Cephalotaxus, Ephedraceae and Celastrus, and can be used as medicine. Some genera and species of Cycadaceae, Taxodiaceae and Podocarpaceae are available for viewing, while others are mostly tall trees with straight trunks, high timber yield and excellent materials, which are used in architecture, furniture and industry, accounting for more than 50% of the world's timber supply.

Some tree species can cut rosin and extract turpentine; The seeds of some tree species are edible; Some tree species are fast-growing afforestation trees or landscaping trees; Born in the upper reaches of rivers, it is a water source forest; Born on a steep mountain slope, it can prevent rain from washing away.

In China, gymnosperms are mostly important timber trees for forestry management, and they are also raw materials such as fiber, resin and tannin. A few kinds of branches, leaves, pollen, seeds and root bark can be used as medicine.

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