Lactating piglets should start eating earlier, for example, starting eating in seven days, domesticating and eating solid feed and high-quality feed, giving only a few grains per head on average at a time, and domesticating slowly, so as to cultivate healthy piglets and facilitate early weaning. Sometimes the feed is also called suckling pig feed, which is a kind of granular feed, and it is mature and contains a lot of lactose and whey powder, which is beneficial to the intestinal development of suckling pigs.
If the sow's milk is not enough, artificial feed such as artificial milk can also be used:
Before and after the age of 30 days, after weaning, use baoliao, which is also clinker or puffed material. You cann't use raw materials There are too many antigens in the raw materials. After feeding to the age of 60 days, after the end of the conservation period and entering the growth period, use the feed of Chinese pigs.
Third, artificial feed for piglets
Can be divided into: artificial colostrum, teaching tank materials, maintenance materials.
One example of artificial lactation formula: fresh milk or milk powder 1000ml, fresh eggs 1 piece, cod liver oil 5- 10g, glucose 20g, trace element salt solution 5ml, and multivitamins for pigs (added according to the product instructions). If possible, it is best to add 10% sow serum to artificial milk.
Artificial milk can also use formula milk powder, add a small amount of seasoning to make it liquid, heat it to about 35 degrees and take it. If piglets are sick, corresponding drugs can be added to artificial milk. Generally, piglets mainly get immune antibodies from breast milk two weeks before lactation, especially colostrum in the first three days. All piglets, especially weak piglets, must eat the colostrum of sows. This is the most critical technology, and it needs artificial assistance to let the weak pigs eat it.
Teaching materials can only be purchased from the market. Ordinary farmers do not have the conditions to produce teaching trough materials, for example, it contains a large number of immune-enhancing drugs, soybean meal is cooked at high temperature without soybean meal antigen protein, or it is produced from puffed soybean with whey powder. Biological agents such as high-efficiency enzymes, acidulants and microbial agents and intestinal microbial regulators such as mannan oligosaccharides are added.
It is also best to buy authentic big brand products from the market for maintenance materials.
(1) Before weaning (i.e. lactation stage)
① Basic knowledge
Absolute lactation is within 3 weeks. For sows with insufficient milk, artificial colostrum can be considered, which not only improves the weight gain, but also improves the survival rate. For weak piglets with light weight, artificial colostrum can be used, adjusted to a fluid state, and squeezed into the mouth of suckling pigs to swallow.
Before 2 1 year old, the nutrition of suckling pigs basically comes from sows. Therefore, it is the most critical to manage the feeding of sows. It is very important to provide enough nutrition and ensure feed intake for sows and ensure energy supply in feed. Especially in summer, high-energy raw materials such as oil need to be added to sow feed, because the feed intake of sows decreases in summer, and the energy concentration of feed has to be increased.
Generally, feed can be provided at 7 ~ 2 1 day. Don't expect to eat a lot of feed before weaning, because piglets prefer breast milk, so they won't eat a lot.
The purpose of trough feed is to let suckling pigs exercise their intestines and stomach from breast milk liquid feed, gradually adapt to the feeding method of solid feed, prepare for the future and reduce the stress reaction of weaning.
(2) The use of teaching trough materials.
A few or a small number of piglets are fed every day to lure food, 4-5 times a day, and the feeding times are less, so as to ensure the success of opening the feeding trough for piglets. After weaning, it gradually transited to seed-preserving feed 10- 14 days. Feeding mode:
How many tablets can be fed during iron supplementation and health injection?
After being mixed into paste, it is coated on sow nipples, which is convenient for piglets to eat when nursing.
For weak piglets, it can be made into paste according to the ratio of water to material of 4: 1.
Feed the piglets a little pellet feed first, and then stop breastfeeding for a while.
When teaching the trough to lure food, we can adopt the transition method from wet mixing to dry feeding, and finally change to dry feeding within 10 days after weaning, so as to facilitate the use of automatic bait feeder in large pig farms. However, if the small pig farm has a large labor force, it can always adopt wet feeding, and the humidity can be adjusted by the ratio of 1 ~ 1.2, so that the digestion and absorption rate of the feeding method are better.
(2) Weaning period
① common sense in weaning period
The weaning period is from the day of weaning to 7 ~ 10 days after weaning, and weaning can be done in 2 1 ~ 35 days. Some pig farms will put piglets on the maternity bed for about 7 days, especially in winter. It is necessary to slowly lower the temperature of the incubator to remove the temperature, about 3 degrees every day, and then move them into the nursery. At the same time, considering that the change of environment may be unfavorable to piglets, it stayed for 7 days.
The weaning period is generally 2 1 ~ 35 days. It is suggested that according to China's national conditions, it is better to wean at least after the age of 24. In the weaning stage, textbooks are still used, but some baby-care textbooks are mixed to adapt.
During weaning, it is necessary to mix the teaching trough material and nursing material, and change it into full nursing material after weaning.
(2) Teaching matters needing attention in the use of trough materials.
During the transition from teaching trough materials to protective materials, the ratio of protective materials during the transition period is1/7,2/7 ..................................................................................................................................., and attention should be paid to feeding less and adding more, and the materials should be properly controlled.
If it is a high-quality nutrient, it is recommended to eat it freely and ensure that there is an hour of empty slot time every day.
Precautions:
If the curing material is concentrated, it must be mixed according to the formula recommended by the manufacturer.
When crushing feed, corn and soybean meal must be finely ground. It is suggested to use a sieve below 1.2mm to facilitate the full absorption of nutrients. Cooked or puffed soybeans or soybean meal can be used if possible.
Ensure the quality of raw materials and prevent the use of moldy raw materials.
Clean the trough in time, maintain environmental hygiene and prevent feed pollution.
Pay attention to the cleanliness and heat preservation of pig drinking water.
(3) Maintenance stage
If weaned at the age of 28, start feeding nutrients at the age of 38.
① Curing temperature control
It is necessary to create a good and comfortable living environment for the normal growth and development of nursing pigs. The optimum environmental temperature for suckling pigs is 2 1 ~ 30 days at 28 ~ 30℃, 3 1 ~ 40 days at 27 ~ 28℃, 4 1 ~ 60 days at 26℃, and then at 24 ~ 26℃. The optimum relative humidity is 65% ~ 75%. Nursery should be equipped with a thermometer to keep abreast of indoor temperature and humidity.
Therefore, when preparing to accept weaned piglets, the temperature in the nursery should be kept in the most suitable temperature range (28 ~ 30℃) for newly weaned piglets before they are ready to enter pigs. Later, depending on the age, the temperature can be gradually reduced.
(2) Health care of pigs.
Piglets who have just moved to the nursery generally eat less, and even some piglets don't eat at all when they are weaned, so adding drugs to the feed can't achieve the ideal effect, but drinking water can avoid these problems and achieve better results. At the maintenance time of 1 week, Zhiyuan Jing 60 g+ high quality multivitamin 500g+1kg; Add 10% glucose per ton of water; Or add florfenicol 30g+ immune enhancers such as Astragalus polysaccharide, transfer factor and interferon+multivitamin 500 g+ glucose 1 kg, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of respiratory diseases. And do a good job of acetic acid fumigation in the pig house in winter, reduce the pH value in the pig house and prevent the invasion of acid-resistant pathogens.
(3) Feed pigs to repel insects.
Insect repellent mainly includes internal and external parasites such as ascaris lumbricoides, sarcoptic mites, lice, nematodes and so on. The suitable time for deworming is 35 ~ 40 days old. The parasites in the body are mixed with avermectin according to the calculated amount of 0.2 mg/kg body weight, or mixed with levamisole according to the calculated amount of 10 mg/kg body weight, and fed in the morning and then fed the next morning. Spraying pig surface parasites with 12.5% amitraz emulsion in water. Pay attention to thoroughly remove the feces discharged after deworming and properly handle them to prevent the worms or eggs in the feces from causing secondary pollution.
④ Immune protection of pigs.
Immunization of various vaccines is one of the most important tasks of nurseries. When injecting, the pig must be fixed first, and then injected in the right place. When different kinds of vaccines are injected at the same time, they should be injected on both sides, and flying needles are not allowed. Piglets in each column should be hung with immunization cards, and the date of transfer and inoculation should be recorded. The immune card moves with the movement of the pig. In addition, pigs of different ages should not be exchanged at will to avoid confusion in immunization work. Don't take too many vaccines in the nursery, mainly swine fever, pseudorabies and foot-and-mouth disease vaccines. Pigs with allergic reactions are put in an empty ring to prevent other piglets from squeezing and trampling, and they can recover slowly after a while. In case of severe allergic reaction, intramuscular injection of adrenal hormone is used for emergency rescue.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Feed intake and weight gain at each stage
(1) The pre-weaning stage is lactation.
This paper points out that weaning is from birth to 28 days old, that is, 0 ~ 28 days old.
In the current pig production, the average daily gain of newborn piglets during lactation is about 180 ~ 240 grams, which is equivalent to 4 ~ 6% daily gain.
Generally, feed can be provided at 7 ~ 2 1 day. Don't expect to eat a lot of feed before weaning, because piglets prefer breast milk, so they won't eat a lot.
According to the determination, the feed intake of piglets before weaning, that is, between 7 and 28 days old, will not exceed 700 grams. About 400 grams on average; If it is weaned at the age of 25 days, the average is only about 200 grams, and the maximum will not exceed 350 grams; If it is weaned at 2 1 day, the average is100g, and the maximum will not exceed 200g.
Feed consumption before weaning is related to whether breast milk secretion is sufficient (inverse relationship), weaning age (direct relationship), feed form (powder or granule, with more granules and less waste), feeding mode (dry feeding or wet feeding, more wet feeding), feed quality (direct relationship), daily management (direct relationship, such as poor management, a lot of feed waste) and so on.
Before weaning, because piglets eat breast milk completely, it is meaningless to calculate the feed-to-meat ratio of feed, and it is impossible to judge the quality of feed from the feed-to-meat ratio, because the breast milk secretion time is long, the feed-to-meat ratio will naturally be low, and vice versa.
This stage consumes about 400 ~ 700 grams of textbooks.
⑵ Weaning stage
This paper refers to the age from 28 days after weaning to 10 days, that is, 38 days, that is, 28 ~ 38 days.
① The feed intake on weaning day is related to the age of weaning day, and the feed intake on weaning day increases by 23g with each extension of weaning day.
② Weaning age is also related to the average daily feed intake after weaning. For example, the feed intake of weaned piglets at the age of 2 1 ~ 23 days is less than the average feed intake of weaned piglets at the age of 10 days after weaning. Therefore, it is suggested that China be weaned at least after the age of 24, generally at the age of 28.
③ The feed intake of weaned piglets aged from 24 to 29 days in the first 7 days after weaning is still that the later the weaning day, the greater the feed intake. Therefore, it is recommended to wean at the age of 28 days.
④ The feed intake of weaned piglets aged from 24 to 29 days was basically the same at the age of 10, but with the extension of weaning age, the feed intake at weaning age gradually approached.
⑤ Piglets with late weaning days have more uniform daily feed intake and weight gain after weaning.
⑥ The correlation between daily gain after weaning and weaning age is greater than that between daily gain and weaning weight.
The feed-to-meat ratio in weaning period fluctuates between 1.0 ~ 1.5, because the weaning period is very complicated, and the feed-to-meat ratio is at least related to weaning age, weaning weight, feeding management, feed quality, feed waste, environmental sanitation and temperature, piglet stress, etc. Any problems in each link will affect the daily gain and feed-meat ratio of weaned piglets.
Therefore, it is difficult to predict the daily gain and feed-meat ratio during weaning, which is of little significance.
Generally speaking, when weaned at the age of 28 days, if the weaning period is 10 day, the piglet weight is112 kg, and the feed-meat ratio is1.0 ~1.
During this 10 weaning period, each head consumes about 3 kg of teaching trough feed and 3 kg of breastfeeding feed.
(3) Maintenance stage
This article refers to the end of lactation from 38 to 60 days after weaning, that is, 38 to 60 days, ***22 days.
The weight of piglets increased from 65438±02kg to 24kg.
At this stage, all protective feed was used. During the 22-day protection period, the average daily gain was about 600g/day, the average feed-meat ratio was 1.5, and the consumption of protective feed was about 20kg.