Asarum Asarum is a dry whole herb of Asarum in Aristolochiaceae. Schmidt var. Datura (Maxim. )Kitag。 ，Asarumsieboeldimiq。 var。 Seoulense Nakai or Asarumsieboeldimiq. China's. The first two species, commonly known as "Liaodong Asarum", are mainly produced in the northeast; Asarum is mainly produced in Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong and Zhejiang provinces. Dig a pit in summer when the fruit is ripe or in early autumn, remove sediment and dry in the shade. Cut into pieces and eat raw.
This medicine is Xin Wen. A little poisonous. Return to lung, kidney and heart meridian.
It has the effects of relieving exterior syndrome, dispelling pathogenic wind, relieving pain, inducing resuscitation, warming lung and promoting fluid production.
App application
1. Cold and cold. This product is pungent and fragrant, and has the effects of relieving exterior syndrome, dispelling cold, expelling wind and relieving pain. Suitable for patients with exogenous wind-cold and severe head and body pain. It is often used with drugs such as Notopterygium root, Saposhnikovia root and Angelica dahurica to dispel wind and relieve pain, such as Jiuwei Notopterygium root decoction (this matter is hard to know). Because it can not only dispel wind and cold, but also dredge nasal orifices, it is suitable for people with stuffy nose and runny nose caused by wind-cold common cold, and is often used with herbs such as Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Fructus Xanthii. In addition, asarum not only enters the lung meridian to disperse exterior cold, but also enters the kidney meridian to dispel interior cold evil. Combined with Herba Ephedrae and Radix Aconiti Lateralis, it can treat exogenous yang deficiency, aversion to cold, fever, anhidrosis and adverse pulse, such as Herba Ephedrae, Radix Aconiti Lateralis and Herba Asari Decoction (Treatise on Febrile Diseases).
2. Headache, toothache and rheumatalgia. This product is pungent, relieves depression, reaches the top, unblocks nine orifices, is good at expelling wind and cold, and has strong analgesic effect, especially suitable for various cold pain syndromes such as wind-cold headache, toothache and joint pain. For shaoyin headache, cold foot and deep pulse, it is often combined with Duhuo and Chuanxiong, such as Duhuo Asarum Decoction (treating syndrome by pulse); It is often used with Chuanxiong, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Notopterygii Rhizoma to treat headache caused by exogenous pathogenic wind, such as Chuanxiong Tea Powder (Heji Formula); If the pain is treated, it will be like a broken, slightly tendon and tight wind-cold headache. It should be combined with Chuanxiong, Ephedra and Fuzi, such as Asarum Powder (Puji Formula). For toothache due to wind-cold, Asarum can be used alone, or decocted with Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Fructus Piperis Longi. For toothache caused by stomach fire, it should be used together with plaster, coptis root, Cimicifuga rhizome and other drugs for clearing stomach and purging fire. If you have dental caries and toothache, you can gargle with the honeycomb soup that kills insects and relieves pain; Asarum can not only dispel the cold pathogen of shaoyin and kidney meridian, but also search rheumatism between bones and muscles to relieve pain. Therefore, it is often combined with Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, Herba Taxilli and Radix Saposhnikoviae to treat wind-cold-dampness arthralgia and cold pain in waist and knees, such as Radix Angelicae Pubescentis Jisheng Decoction (Formula).
3. Deep nose. This product is pungent and fragrant, dispelling wind, removing dampness and resolving turbidity, and dredging nasal orifices. It is often used to treat nasal congestion, runny nose, headache and other nasal diseases such as rhinosinusitis. It is a good medicine for treating rhinosinusitis, and should be used together with herbs such as Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Fructus Xanthii and Flos Magnoliae for dispelling cold and inducing resuscitation.
4. Cold lung with cough and asthma. This product can dispel exogenous cold, warm lung and promote fluid production. It is often combined with herbs for dispelling cold, dispersing lung and warming phlegm to treat cough and asthma due to wind-cold or cough and asthma due to cold drink. It is used to treat exogenous wind-cold, aversion to cold, fever, anhidrosis, asthma and cough, excessive phlegm, etc. It is often used with Herba Ephedrae, Ramulus Cinnamomi and Zingiberis Rhizoma, for example, Xiaoqinglong Decoction from Treatise on Febrile Diseases. If cold phlegm stops drinking and shoots the lung, and qi goes against the cough, chest tightness and shortness of breath, it can be combined with Poria, ginger, Schisandra chinensis and other herbs, such as Linggan Wuwei Jiangxin Decoction from Synopsis of the Golden Chamber.
Usage and dosage: decocted,1~ 3g; The powder is taken 0.5 ~ 1g each time.
Pay attention to the use of headache due to yin deficiency and hyperactivity of yang, but don't use it for dry lung injury and dry cough. Does not apply to veratrum nigrum.
Asari, Herba Ephedrae and Ramulus Cinnamomi are commonly used drugs for relieving exterior syndrome and dispelling cold, and they can all be used to treat colds. However, ephedra has a strong sweating effect and is mainly used to treat severe wind-cold cold syndrome; Ramulus Cinnamomi has mild sweating and relieving exterior syndrome, and can be used for all colds, no matter whether there is no sweating in the exterior or sweating in the exterior. Asari is pungent and warm, and can express itself in the interior. Its sweating power is not as good as ephedra and cassia twig, but it is better than dispelling cold. Appropriate compatibility is also often used to treat exogenous yang deficiency caused by yin deficiency caused by cold.
Ancient book abstracts
1. Shennong Herbal Classic: "Cough, headache, brain movement, joint contracture, rheumatic arthralgia, muscle death. Nine tricks to improve your eyesight. "
2. "Materia Medica goes without saying": "Asarum alone can't cost more than half of the money. If it is too boring, you will die. "
3. Compendium of Materia Medica: "Herba Asari, ginger and cinnamon can dispel the cold of dirty houses, Radix Aconiti Lateralis can dispel the cold of various diseases, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis can dispel shaoyin headache, Jing can prevent wind and disperse collaterals, and Qin, Lian and Ju are thin, which is also the most effective method to cure wind, fire, toothache and all kinds of stagnation heat."
Modern research
1. chemical composition: this product contains volatile oil, and the main components are methyl eugenol, asarone and safrole. It also contains N- isobutyl dodecylamine, racemic noraconitine, sitosterol and stigmasterol.
2. Pharmacological effects: the volatile oil, water and alcohol extracts of Asarum have antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, anticonvulsant and local anesthetic effects respectively; Large dose of volatile oil can make the central nervous system excited first and then inhibited, showing certain toxic and side effects. In vitro tests inhibited the production of hemolytic streptococcus, Shigella dysenteriae and aflatoxin. The alcohol extract of asarum can resist the respiratory depression caused by morphine. Racemic aconitine has the effects of strengthening heart, dilating blood vessels, relaxing smooth muscle, enhancing lipid metabolism and raising blood sugar. The safrole contained in it is highly toxic, carcinogenic and easy to be destroyed at high temperature.
3. Clinical study: ① For the treatment of recurrent oral ulcer, use asarum 10g, add water 1000ml, decoct for 5 ~ 10min, take 60ml of liquid, gargle orally for three times, each time/kloc-0 ~15min, and then spit out after gargling. After the ulcer surface heals, the drug can be stopped for up to 2 weeks (China Folk Therapy, August 2000 (11): 44). ② To treat impotence, soak 5g of asarum and 7g of leek seeds in 200ml of boiling water for 65438 00 minutes, and then drink tea frequently, with 65438 0 doses per day. Avoid sexual intercourse during treatment (Shizhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Research,1998,9 (3): 204). ③ Take a proper amount of Asari leaves, soak them in 75% ethanol, knead them into balls, and stuff them into healthy nostrils. For comfort, you can also grind the same amount of Asari and Borneolum Syntheticum into powder, wrap it tightly with gauze, and stuff it into healthy nostrils once a day for 1 ~ 2 weeks. Those with speech disorder caused by apoplexy sequelae should use this method to dispel cold, enlighten the mind and strengthen the brain. ④ Grind Asari (1.5g), Radix Aconiti (3g) and Impatiens balsamina (0.9g) into fine powder and apply it on the root of the tooth. After 3 minutes, they were numb and used for dental anesthesia (journal of traditional chinese medicine, 1993, (7):39 1). In addition, Asarum is also used to treat bradycardia, epilepsy, Meniere's disease, non-ejaculation, testicular swelling and pain, female infertility, urticaria and so on.
4. Adverse reactions: large dose of Asari volatile oil can excite the central nervous system first, then inhibit the central nervous system, slow down voluntary movement and respiration, make reflex disappear, and finally die of respiratory paralysis. In addition, asarum has a direct inhibitory effect on myocardium, and excessive use can cause arrhythmia. The main symptoms of poisoning are headache, vomiting, irritability, sweating, stiff neck, thirst, elevated body temperature and blood pressure, slightly dilated pupils and flushing. If not treated in time, it can quickly turn into a spasm state, with clenched teeth, upturned corners, unconsciousness, limb convulsions, urinary incontinence, and finally die of respiratory paralysis. The main causes of asarum poisoning are: first, the dosage of single powder is too large, and second, the decocting time is too short when the dosage is too large. Therefore, it must be used in strict accordance with the prescribed usage and dosage to ensure the safety of medication. The general treatment of asarum poisoning is: early vomiting and gastric lavage; When symptoms such as spasm and mania appear, diazepam or barbital sodium can be used; Urinary catheterization or oral dihydrogram urine plug during urinary incontinence.
Efficacy of Herba Asari
(1) relieving asthma and resolving phlegm
Asarum can relax bronchial smooth muscle and show antiasthmatic effect.
In vitro experiments show that the volatile oil of Asarum has obvious antagonistic effect on bronchospasm caused by histamine and acetylcholine, and methyl eugenol, a component of the volatile oil, also has obvious relaxing effect on trachea of pulse rats.
(2) Sedation and analgesia
The volatile oil of asarum has obvious central inhibitory effect.
Small dose can make animals quiet and tame, reduce voluntary activities, and large dose can make animals sleep, which has obvious anticonvulsant effect. Asarum decoction also has analgesic effect. Its strong analgesic effect is an important pharmacological basis for its treatment of head and body pain and toothache.
(3) cooling and reducing fever
Oral asarum volatile oil has obvious antipyretic effect on experimental fever in rabbits caused by warm needles, tetrahydroβ-naphthylamine, typhoid and paratyphoid mixed vaccine, and also has obvious antipyretic effect on fever in rats caused by beer yeast. It can also lower the body temperature of normal rats.
(4) Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic
Asarum volatile oil has obvious anti-inflammatory effect by oral administration or injection.
For example, Asarum has obvious inhibitory effect on joint swelling of rats caused by inflammatory factors such as carrageenan, yeast, egg white and formaldehyde, and can resist auricle swelling of mice caused by croton oil, inhibit skin edema of rats caused by antiserum, increase capillary permeability caused by histamine, and inhibit proliferation of plastic rings and cotton balls. It still has anti-inflammatory effect on adrenalectomy rats.
(5) strengthening the heart
Asarum has cardiotonic, anti-myocardial ischemia and anti-hypertension effects.
In vitro experiments show that the volatile oil of asarum has obvious exciting effect on the hearts of rabbits and pulse rats, showing positive inotropic effect and positive frequency effect, and can increase coronary flow. Asarum can improve the mean arterial pressure, peak left ventricular pressure and coronary sinus flow in dogs with experimental cardiogenic shock.
(6) Antibacterial and antiviral
The ethanol extract and volatile oil of Asarum have certain inhibitory effects on Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi in vitro, and the decoction also has inhibitory effects on Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Salmonella typhi. The volatile oil of asarum has inhibitory effect on Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and other fungi, and the effective antibacterial component is safrole. α -asarone can inhibit the proliferation of respiratory syncytial virus.
(7) local anesthesia
50% asarum decoction can block the sciatic nerve impulse conduction of toad, and the effect is reversible. Its anesthetic effect is close to 1% procaine. The volatile oil has the effects of surface anesthesia and infiltration anesthesia. 50% asarum tincture also has local anesthetic effect when applied to human tongue. It can be used for local anesthesia in clinic.