Necrosis of femoral head is also called "avascular necrosis of femoral head". Clinical research shows that the root cause of femoral head necrosis is poor blood circulation and interruption of blood supply. The blood vessels at the femoral head of human body are relatively small, which are easy to be damaged or blocked, affecting the blood supply near the femoral head, reducing the blood volume of the femoral head tissue and hindering the regeneration of bone cells, thus causing necrosis and forming a vicious circle. So what factors are related to femoral head necrosis?

1, alcohol

Long-term heavy drinking, alcohol accumulation in the body, leading to increased blood lipids, increased blood viscosity, slow blood flow, can block blood vessels, causing bone necrosis. The doctor pointed out that drinking 200ml per day and three times per week for more than 10 years is more likely to cause femoral head necrosis.

2. Hormones

Hormones that cause necrosis of femoral head mainly refer to glucocorticoids. For example, drugs used to treat some immune diseases, allergic diseases and skin diseases also contain such hormones. In addition, the occurrence of this necrosis is related to the way and dose of hormone intake and individual differences.

3. Trauma

Trauma such as intra-capsule fracture of femoral head, femoral neck fracture, dislocation of hip joint, acetabular fracture and compression fracture of femoral head can damage blood vessels around femoral head, partially lose blood nutrition, and block blood supply, leading to necrosis of femoral head.

4. Congenital dysplasia

Congenital dislocation of hip joint, congenital abduction contracture of hip joint, dysplasia of proximal femoral head, increased intra-articular pressure or blood supply disorder leading to chondromalacia of epiphysis, local tissue congestion and edema, leading to necrosis of femoral head.

5. Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a common bone disease in middle-aged and elderly people and needs to be prevented. Generally, it will be manifested as weakness of lower limbs, inability to bear weight, and easy fracture. This is also the cause of ischemic femoral head necrosis.

Common symptoms of femoral head necrosis

1, pain

Early pain begins with dull pain and intermittent pain. Most of the pain is acupuncture-like, dull pain or sore discomfort, which often radiates to the groin area, the inner thigh, the back of the hip and the inner knee, where there is numbness.

2, dysfunction

The main manifestations are unfavorable flexion and extension of hip joint, difficulty in squatting, inability to stand for a long time, obvious limitation of abduction and internal rotation, difficulty in squatting and leg lifting, inability to bend over to wear socks when getting up in the morning, difficulty in squatting in the toilet, and unfavorable bending of legs when going up and down stairs.

Step 3 limp

It is generally manifested as shortening claudication, which is caused by hip pain and femoral head collapse, or by late subluxation of hip joint. Intermittent claudication mostly occurs in the early stage, especially in children, and the signs of patients will change obviously.

4. Symbols

Local deep tenderness, adductor tenderness, four-character test positive, Gaga S sign positive, Allis sign positive test positive. Abduction, external rotation or internal rotation are limited, the affected limb can be shortened, muscle atrophy and even signs of subluxation. Sometimes axial pain is positive.

5.x-ray manifestations

Fine or discontinuous bone, cyst, sclerosis, flattening or collapse of femoral head.

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