1. Preface of prescription includes: name of medical institution, outpatient or inpatient medical record number, prescription number, department or ward and bed number, cost, patient's name, gender, age, clinical diagnosis, date of issuance, etc. , you can add items required by your major.
2, narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs of category I prescription printing paper is light red, marked "Ma, Jing No.1" in the upper right corner.
3, outpatient pharmacy to achieve large window or counter dispensing, inpatient pharmacy to implement a single dose dispensing. Outpatient medicine distribution methods generally include independent method, running water method and combination method, while ward medicine distribution methods include prescription distribution, small medicine cabinet and medicine placing system.
4. Drugs that need special management, such as narcotic drugs, need special personnel to be responsible, lock the counters, register special account books, special prescriptions and account books.
5. Adding amino acid solution to glucose solution and adding fat emulsion after confirming that there is no precipitation is the key process to prepare a uniform and delicate parenteral nutrient solution.
6. Parenteral nutrition (TPN) is now on the market. 24 hours, no more than 48 hours. If it is not used immediately, the mixture should be stored in a refrigerator at 4℃.
7. Explosives and toxic substances must be kept in a special warehouse, and the management of "five pairs" shall be implemented, that is, two people shall keep them, two people shall keep them in double locks, two people shall send and receive them, two people shall receive them, and two people shall keep accounts.
8. Wearable drugs include atropine sulfate, codeine phosphate, magnesium sulfate and caffeine.
Must test 9. The medicinal water contained in China Pharmacopoeia includes drinking water, purified water, water for injection and sterile water for injection. Among them, purified water refers to pharmaceutical water made from raw water by distillation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis or other suitable methods, without any additives.
10, when the mixture contains drugs that are easily oxidized and deteriorated, an appropriate amount of antioxidants (sodium thiosulfate, sodium pyrosulfite and sodium sulfite) and preservatives can be added as appropriate.
1 1. The six steps of drug consultation service are: defining questions, classifying questions, obtaining additional information, consulting literature, answering questions and following up consultants.
12, transdermal therapeutic system mainly works through the skin into the blood system, avoiding the adverse reactions caused by oral medication.
13. If serious and dangerous adverse reactions occur after taking the medicine, you should see a doctor in time. For example: constipation lasts for more than 3 days; When blood pressure rises, it will cause dizziness, headache or blurred vision, tinnitus and frequent nosebleeds; In any case, if you have any eye diseases after taking the medicine, you must contact your doctor.
14, the symptoms of poisoning are easily confused with the symptoms of the disease itself, such as convulsions caused by phenytoin sodium poisoning and convulsions caused by epilepsy; When using digoxin and procainamide to control arrhythmia, overdose can also cause arrhythmia, which is also difficult to distinguish.
15. Drug factors: the biological characteristics, physical and chemical properties, dosage form, route of administration and the interaction between drugs and other factors will affect the effectiveness of drug treatment; Physical factors: the patient's age, weight, sex, mental factors, pathological state and time factors can have an important impact on the drug treatment effect.
16. The combination of statins and fibrates can cause rhabdomyolysis.
17, atropine can inhibit gland secretion, prevent secretions from blocking the respiratory tract and causing aspiration pneumonia, and can be used for administration before anesthesia.
Advantages of high-frequency detection center 18 and centralized monitoring system: The results are more reliable than those of voluntary reporting system, and the missing rate is lower, which can be used to calculate the incidence of ADR and conduct epidemiological research. Disadvantages: high cost, abundant manpower and material resources, limited monitoring range, weak representativeness and great difference in results.
19, a drug can enhance the sensitivity of tissues or receptors to another drug, which is called sensitization. For example, hydrochlorothiazide, a potassium excretion diuretic, can reduce the blood potassium concentration and make the heart more sensitive to cardiac glycosides, which is prone to arrhythmia.
20. In principle, the elderly not only use the least amount of drugs for treatment, but also start treatment with the lowest effective dose, or gradually increase from a small dose in order to find the most suitable dose. The general adult dose is 1/2 ~ 2/3 or 3/4, and it is best to individualize the dose.
2 1, when the elderly use fat-soluble drugs, the fat content increases, the half-life is prolonged, and the blood drug concentration decreases.
22. During pregnancy, gastric acid secretion is reduced, gastrointestinal activity is weakened, so that oral drug absorption is reduced, peak time is delayed and bioavailability is reduced.
23. When choosing antibiotics for patients with nephropathy, erythromycin, penicillin and cephalosporin can be selected (especially the third generation cephalosporin has less nephrotoxicity). Aminoglycoside antibiotics are nephrotoxic and should not be used.
24. Calcium antagonists can relieve angina pectoris by improving coronary blood flow and reducing myocardial oxygen consumption. Calcium antagonists are the first-line drugs for variant angina pectoris or angina pectoris with coronary artery spasm as the main factor.
25. Angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist: Xsartan.
26. Verapamil is the first choice for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
27. Patients with heart failure accompanied by atrial tachycardia can consider amiodarone as the first choice for the treatment of atrial tachycardia.
28. Carbamazepine, sodium valproate, oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine belong to the first-line drugs for the treatment of partial seizures of epilepsy.
29. Intravenous diazepam is the first choice for status epilepticus.
30. Common gastrointestinal motility drugs are metoclopramide, mosapride and domperidone.
3 1. The main representative drugs of biguanides are metformin and phenformin. Pharmacological effects: Inhibit liver glycogen heterogenesis (fat and protein transform into glucose), reduce the output of liver glycogen from cells to blood, increase the sensitivity of tissues to insulin, and increase insulin-mediated glucose utilization.
32, gout treatment, commonly used drugs are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin and sodium salicylate are prohibited) and colchicine. If the above two drugs are ineffective or inapplicable, glucocorticoid can be considered.
33. Oral preparations are the first choice for iron deficiency anemia, and iron preparations are the first choice because of their high iron absorption. Ferrous succinate is an oral ferrous preparation, and iron dextran and iron sorbitol are iron preparations.
34. In view of the obvious toxic and side effects of some anti-tumor drugs, which can cause harm to human body, the application of anti-tumor drugs should be cautious and reasonable, and the following basic principles should be followed: ① weigh the advantages and disadvantages to maximize the benefits; ② Clear purpose and orderly treatment; ③ Doctor-patient communication and informed consent; ④ Appropriate, standardized and reasonable treatment; ⑤ Familiarity with diseases varies from person to person; ⑥ Adverse reactions should be handled with caution; ⑦ Actively encourage clinical trials.
35. Treatment principle and drug treatment of nitrite poisoning: giving large doses of vitamin C as a reducing agent can promote the reduction of high hemoglobin to normal hemoglobin. It is best to use it with methylene blue.
36. Literature is the original literature, which refers to the literature that directly records the theories, experimental results, observed new discoveries and creative achievements created by researchers. The most common are papers published in journals and reports read out at academic conferences. Secondary literature is a further processed product formed by screening, compressing and organizing scattered primary literature. Secondary literature is a tool for managing, searching and utilizing primary literature, which does not contain detailed information required by users. Document retrieval tools in the form of catalogue, index, abstract and title record are secondary documents; Three documents refer to monographs, summaries, comments, progress reports, data manuals, yearbooks, guides, encyclopedias and textbooks compiled by summarizing and synthesizing the contents of the first document on the basis of rational utilization of the first and second documents.
37. Propylthiouracil inhibits thyroid function in infants; Chloramphenicol can cause neonatal bone marrow suppression; Phenytoin can cause nystagmus in infants; Bromocriptine inhibits milk secretion; Aspirin affects the platelet function of infants.
38. The prescription of narcotic injection for patients with cancer pain and chronic moderate or severe non-cancer pain shall not exceed 3 days, and the dosage of sustained and controlled release preparation shall not exceed 15 days.
39. The packaging containers of toxic drugs for medical use must be marked with the words "poison" in white on a black background.
40. Four checks: investigate the prescription, check the drugs, check the incompatibility, and check the rationality of the drugs.
4 1, the ordinary prescription shall not exceed 7 days, and the emergency prescription shall not exceed 3 days.
42. Changes in solvent composition of injections: Some injections contain non-aqueous solvents for the purpose of dissolving drugs or stabilizing preparations. If these drugs are added to the aqueous solution, the drugs will precipitate due to the change of solvent properties. For example, chloramphenicol injection (containing ethanol and glycerol) can precipitate chloramphenicol when added to 5% glucose injection or sodium chloride injection.
43. The dosage of poison or precious drugs is generally small, so it is suitable to be mixed with glass mortar after grinding to avoid waste or injury.
44, diazotization-coupling reaction is mainly suitable for the identification of drugs with aromatic primary amino groups or after hydrolysis.
45. Sustained-release tablets and controlled-release tablets must be swallowed as a whole, and cannot be chewed or broken, otherwise the sustained-release or controlled-release effect will be lost.
46. General principles of drug therapy: effectiveness, safety, economy and standardization.
47. Oral administration is the first choice for children.
48, antihypertensive drugs need long-term or lifelong application.
49. Propylthiouracil is the first choice for hyperthyroidism in pregnant women.
50. Sealing: refers to sealing the container to prevent dust and foreign objects from entering.
Sealing: refers to sealing the container to prevent weathering, moisture absorption, volatilization or foreign matter from entering.
Melting or sealing: refers to melting or sealing the container tightly with suitable materials to prevent the invasion and pollution of air and moisture.
Cool: refers to the temperature does not exceed 20℃.
Shade and dark place: refers to the place where the temperature does not exceed 20℃.
Cold place: refers to the temperature of 2 ~ 10℃.
The characteristics and contents of the examination for junior nurses;
The characteristics of nurse examination proposition: first, the examination content focuses on internal medicine nursing, surgical nursing and basic nursing, and these three courses should be mastered emphatically; Second, the proposition tends to be clinical, paying more attention to the combination of specific knowledge points and clinical cases.
The examination for junior nurses consists of four subjects: basic knowledge, professional knowledge, relevant professional knowledge and professional practical ability. Some of the contents involved in each subject are roughly as follows:
(1) Basic knowledge: etiology and pathogenesis of clinical common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases.
(2) Professional knowledge: clinical manifestations, nursing problems and nursing measures of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases.
(3) Relevant professional knowledge: auxiliary examination and treatment points of common and frequently-occurring diseases in clinic.
(4) Professional practice ability: basic nursing theories and operation techniques.