1. The lag of enterprise informatization and the limitations of the network itself

The development of e-commerce in a country is related to the level of informatization construction. Although the Internet infrastructure in China has been greatly improved and the network coverage area has also been greatly improved, the network coverage rate is still low. There is still a long way to go before China can truly realize the popularization of network information and e-commerce.

At present, compared with some developed countries, the informatization level of enterprises in China is also in a backward state. Most enterprises have weak computer and network infrastructure and lack relevant professionals. Enterprise management has not really realized informationization. Because enterprise informatization construction includes two parts: on the one hand, the construction of infrastructure, that is, hardware and system software in computer, network and communication; On the other hand, it is the organization, management and application construction of information resources, that is, the comprehensive utilization of information resources and the construction of application software systems. At present, most enterprises in China only pay attention to infrastructure construction, but ignore the comprehensive utilization of information resources. Therefore, when enterprises import e-commerce systems, some enterprises often get into trouble because of the lack of foundation in the organization, management and application of information resources.

In addition, many consumers report that the goods they actually get are not the goods they fancy online. What's going on here? In the process of reducing a three-dimensional object into a flat picture, some basic information of the commodity itself will be lost. Only part of the information of artificially selected goods is input into the computer, so people can't get all the information of goods from the Internet, especially the most vivid and intuitive impression of goods.

2. Security issues in e-commerce transactions

Security is a traditional but one of the most urgent issues in e-commerce. There are two main aspects: first, the security of infrastructure; But protect business secrets and personal privacy. E-commerce based on the developed Internet will inevitably face various security risks, such as information leakage, tampering, deception, denial and so on. How to conduct online transactions, online payments and online data transmission safely on the open Internet and ensure that business secrets are not stolen is particularly important for e-commerce.

Because of the virtual nature of the network, there are no rules to follow, such as the authenticity of information, the legitimacy of customer identity, the integrity of supporting information, the undeniable payment information and the legitimacy of the whole online transaction. In particular, there are still security problems in security authentication and online payment! Can't completely eliminate people's doubts! It has seriously restricted the normal development of e-commerce. According to the statistical report of China Internet Information Center in July 2009, users think that the biggest problem existing in online transactions at present is that product quality, after-sales service and manufacturer's credit are not guaranteed, and the second place is that security is not guaranteed. Therefore, in the process of changing from traditional trading mode to electronic trading mode, the security of e-commerce transactions will become the focus of attention.

3. The main legal issues in e-commerce

The legal issues involved in e-commerce in China are firstly the legal issues of electronic contracts. Electronic contract is digital, which is essentially different from traditional written contract, which makes the identification and operation of electronic contract effectiveness very complicated. In China's e-commerce haircut, only Article 1 1 of People's Republic of China (PRC) Contract Law (hereinafter referred to as the Contract Law) stipulates that the written form includes "data message" and Article 33 stipulates that the parties may "request to sign a confirmation letter" when concluding a contract with data message. In addition, Articles 16 and 26 of the Contract Law stipulate the effective time of electronic contract, the effective time of acceptance and the place where the contract is established, but only the above points, the electronic contract still cannot be operated. In order to solve the legal problems of electronic contracts, relevant central departments and localities have promulgated some laws and regulations. This is undoubtedly an exploration and attempt to the legal issues of electronic contracts. But it will inevitably conflict with the infinity and freedom of e-commerce, and eventually hinder the development of e-commerce.

Second, intellectual property rights. The invisibility of e-commerce increases the difficulty of intellectual property protection. Everyone is familiar with copyright authorization, and it is easy to distinguish it, such as piracy of copyright owner's works or misappropriation of film and television works for profit without copyright owner's consent. However, there is no clear law about publishing or reprinting other people's works on the Internet. A prominent example is that some websites publish the author's works online for their own commercial purposes without the author's consent, while other netizens create economic benefits for the websites by visiting these works. For the website, it is actually profitable, but for the author of the work, Qi's work has been infringed.

4. Logistics bottleneck

In the development of e-commerce, logistics, information flow and capital flow always run through it. With the rise and development of online payment methods, the processing of capital flow and information flow can be realized by computers and network communication equipment, which should no longer be an obstacle to the development of e-commerce. Except for a few goods and services, logistics still needs to be delivered by traditional logistics transportation. At present, the logistics distribution problems that plague China's e-commerce mainly include: First, the lack of correct and full understanding of logistics distribution. While people attach importance to e-commerce, they don't pay much attention to the logistics distribution system oriented to e-commerce, which leads to the backwardness of the logistics distribution system and the inability to combine with e-commerce, which limits the advantages of e-commerce, such as rapidity, efficiency and convenience.

Secondly, China still lacks e-commerce logistics talents. Foreign logistics distribution education and training system is very developed. Many universities and research institutes offer logistics management majors, and some colleges offer postgraduate logistics courses to comprehensively carry out logistics distribution vocational education for the society. Comparatively speaking, China's education in logistics and distribution is still very backward. There are few logistics majors and courses in colleges and universities, and graduate education has just started, and vocational education is even worse.

Third, the efficiency of logistics distribution is low, and the standardization of logistics equipment is low. At present, most logistics distribution enterprises in China are developed on the basis of traditional enterprise mechanism, and the content of logistics services still stays at the level of storage and transportation, and few logistics distribution enterprises can provide comprehensive services. At the same time, the modernization level of transportation and warehousing is low, the construction and development of logistics distribution center are slow, and the professional operation level is not high, which leads to the low efficiency of logistics distribution.

5. The problem of imperfect social credit environment

In e-commerce transactions, when the two parties do not meet, the credit problem is particularly important. At present, both enterprises and individuals in China have not generally established a sound credit system, social credit is generally low, and cash transactions still dominate. Buyers are worried about whether they can receive the goods or satisfactory products after payment, and sellers are worried about whether they can receive the payment in full and on time after delivery. Mutual distrust between the two sides is the main reason why many online transactions can't be reached in the end. Although commercial banks in China have increased the issuance of credit cards, and some institutions are eager to establish credit season and credit companies, it is a long process to establish a credit society, so the credit problem will be the biggest obstacle to the long-term development of e-commerce.

Development prospect:

(A) E-commerce will gradually integrate with enterprise informatization.

At present, most e-commerce textbooks in China understand e-commerce as "online transaction", that is, e-commerce in a narrow sense. Many experts and scholars in the field of e-commerce understand "enterprise informatization" and "e-commerce" separately. The author thinks that compared with foreign enterprises, the informatization level of domestic enterprises is generally low, and the promotion of "generalized e-commerce" is more in line with the reality of China. E-commerce in a narrow sense generally has the following types: First, traditional commercial enterprises set up their own websites and sell goods, mostly for individual users, which belong to B2C e-commerce; Second, network companies set up e-commerce websites as intermediary roles between suppliers and consumers, individuals or enterprises, some of which belong to B2C e-commerce, some belong to B2B e-commerce, and some belong to C2C e-commerce; Third, production enterprises set up their own websites to purchase raw materials and sell products online, which mostly belong to B2B e-commerce; Fourth, service-oriented e-commerce, that is, online transactions are not products, but services, such as providing specific information for enterprises or individuals, helping enterprises or individuals to publish specific information, and conducting online fee-based distance education. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council proposed to take the road of "new industrialization" and promote industrialization with informationization. Many enterprises in our country are manufacturing enterprises, which are the main body of creating social wealth. From a big perspective, manufacturing enterprises selling products online itself belongs to the narrow sense of e-commerce. Even commercial enterprises need to use various information systems (such as MIS, ERP, CRM, SCM) in the background to improve their management level, except for online transactions at the front desk. It can be seen that "enterprise informatization" and "e-commerce" are closely related, and they will gradually merge.

(B) regional e-commerce will gradually improve.

In the past, discussions on the development of e-commerce were mostly from B2C, B2B and C2C, or from different industries such as retail, textile and tobacco. With the continuous development of regional informatization (including urban informatization) and the role of informatization in regional development, regional e-commerce will become a hot topic, especially in business-oriented cities and regional economic and trade cooperation.

Small commodity e-commerce accounts for a large proportion in quantity. Because the trans-regional long-distance logistics distribution of small commodities in China is not yet mature, most enterprises' goods distribution after online trading is limited to customers in urban areas, and cities like Beijing are generally limited to the Fifth Ring Road. Of course, there are also problems such as cost. Therefore, online city transactions are the mainstream of B2C e-commerce. In addition, from the perspective of economies of scale, the urban public e-commerce platform for urban and rural residents in this city or this region is a good form to promote the development of urban e-commerce, which is conducive to improving the quality of life and living standards of the people in this city.

From a more regional perspective, economic and trade cooperation is an important means to promote regional economic development. For example, in order to better develop the economic and trade cooperation among European countries, the European Commission has formulated the Directive on Several Legal Issues of Electronic Commerce in the Internal Market, which clearly states: "The purpose of this Directive is to ensure the good operation of the internal market, with the focus on ensuring the free flow of information and services among member States", which provides a legal basis for realizing paperless regional trade. At home, in June 5438+February, 2004, representatives of the "9+2" joint meeting of the information industry departments (bureaus) of all provinces and regions in the Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Circle deliberated and adopted the Action Framework for the Cooperation and Development of E-commerce in the Pan-Pearl River Delta Region, indicating that regional cooperation will be carried out in the field of e-commerce. The Bohai Rim region and the Yangtze River Delta region are also taking active actions. It can be predicted that in the information age, developing regional e-commerce will become an effective means to promote regional economic development.

(c) E-commerce and e-government will bring new business opportunities.

Since 1993, former US Vice President Al Gore first put forward the viewpoint of "developing e-government and reorganizing the US government" in "American National Competitiveness Review", the upsurge of e-government construction in the world has been one after another. In fact, e-government is an inevitable product of the rapid development of modern electronic information technology combined with administrative management and public services, and it is a new government working mode. Although e-commerce and e-government are two completely different categories, they are closely related in some aspects.

First of all, from the perspective of technical realization, e-commerce and e-government have many similarities. For example, e-commerce and e-government, computer network technology, database technology, mobile communication technology, information security technology, etc. The information systems of government and enterprises are almost the same from the point of view of software development, and both should abide by the software engineering norms and so on.

Secondly, in administrative institutions, both e-government and e-commerce are needed. As far as the current system is concerned, administrative institutions are still part of government departments, engaged in semi-administrative or non-administrative affairs. The reform of government institutions is the focus of current political system reform. Some government agencies will gradually divest and adopt an enterprise operation mode. They can't live without e-commerce. For those institutions that continue to stay in government departments, e-commerce and e-government will be closely combined because there are both administrative and commercial affairs.

Thirdly, G2B e-government is closely related to B2G e-commerce. On the one hand, enterprises, as the cells of the national economy, are the main supervision and service targets of the government; On the other hand, the government is also an important customer of enterprises.

Finally, public-private cooperation has become the development trend of e-government construction. There are a lot of visits to government websites, so it is feasible to carry out some commercial activities on government websites, which can bring some financial income. The e-commerce service platform of "government trust and enterprise investment" is also a good way of innovation, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. Especially in small and medium-sized cities, most of them are small and medium-sized enterprises. If local governments and private enterprises cooperate to establish an e-commerce platform to serve enterprises within their jurisdiction, enterprises do not need to build their own websites, which is conducive to the scale effect of e-commerce platforms.