1. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions (1)B The imperial court gave him a gold thread, but Su Shi declined. Remarks: Rejected. (2)B A 1 I 2； B use and take; C 1 thinks that ② I, D 1 table accepts ② but. (3)C's mistake of "asking for an official position for himself", Su Shi didn't ask Han Qi for an official position. The original text is "try two theories, return to the third class, and get straight to the history museum." Shi said, "the public can be said to love others with virtue." 4 "compare the crown" to twenty. "Broadcom", proficient; "Genus", write; "Good", I like it. Translation: At the age of twenty, I am proficient in classics and history, writing thousands of words every day, and I like Jia Yi and Lu Zhi's books. "Shake" shakes people's hearts; Preposition object and. The translation is: enrich the people, the people are not living well, who will keep me? If all the rich people leave this city, they will shake people's hearts. Then who will I defend this city with? Answer: (1) B (2) B (3) C (4) When I was twenty years old, I was proficient in classics and history. I write thousands of words every day. I like Jia Yi and Lu Zhi's books. If all the rich people leave the city, they will shake people's hearts. Then who will I defend this city with? Su Shi was born in Meishan, Meizhou. At the age of ten, his father Su Xun went to four places to study, and his mother Cheng personally taught him to read. When he hears about the success or failure of ancient and modern times, he often focuses on the key points. Cheng was very excited when he read the biography of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Su Shi asked, "If I become Fan Pang, will my mother agree?" Cheng said, "you can be. Can't I be Fan Pang's mother? " By the age of 20, he was proficient in classics and history, wrote thousands of words every day, and liked Jia Yi and Lu Zhi's books. Shortly after reading Zhuangzi, he sighed: "I used to have opinions that I couldn't say, but now I see this book, and I am in my heart." In the second year of Zhiping, he entered the imperial court and was sentenced to Wen Gu Academy. When he was a vassal, Yingzong heard about his reputation and wanted to call him into the Hanlin Academy as an old example of the Tang Dynasty. In the future, naturally, he should bear the great responsibility in the world. The key is that the court should cultivate him and make all the scholars in the world respect him. I want the court to use him and then ask him to reuse it. Then all the people have no objection. If he is suddenly reused now, the scholars in the world may not think it is right, but it is just enough to make him suffer. Yingzong said, "How about writing him a suicide note?" ? Han Qi said: "Juzhu is similar to the patent in Zhi Zhi, so it can't be granted immediately. It's better to award it to him in the upper part of the pavilion and invite him to take the exam. Yingzong said, "I wonder if he can be admitted to the teacher?" ? "Han Qi still didn't agree. Tried two compositions, was ranked third, and got the position of straight history museum. Su Shi listened to Han Qi and said, "The Han Palace can be said to be convinced by virtue. "When Su Xun died, the court gave him gold silk, and Su Shi declined and asked for an official position, so he gave Su Shi Guanglucheng (to Xuzhou for his post), and a flood burst its banks and flooded Cao Cun. As long as I am here, the water will never rush into the city, and the rich will be driven back to the city. When Su Shi arrived at Wuwei camp, he said to the governor, "The river is coming into the city, and it is urgent. Even the Royal Guards should do their best for me. " The commander said, "If you are too defensive to escape, we villains will certainly obey you." So he led the people out of the city with cups and bells and walked from the southeast. But the city did not sink. Su Shi lives on it and doesn't go in when he passes by the door. He asked officials to guard all the places, and all the soldiers went out of the city. He made a wooden embankment to prevent the flood from coming again, and the court appreciated him very much.

2. Ask for two poems by Su Shi and reward Wang Jiangnan.

Su Shi

Spring is not old, the wind is fine and the willows are oblique. Try to see it on the detached stage, half the city is full of flowers. Fog and rain darken thousands of people.

After a cold meal, I woke up but felt uncomfortable. Don't miss the old country for the old friend, try new tea with new fire. Poetry and wine use time.

Brief analysis

Spring is not old, people are not old. Is everyone who stands on the stage of business and leisure "detached"? The wind is described as "thin", indicating that it blows lightly and cold; The more touching the oblique outline of willow branches, the clear water around the city is reflected in the fundus; Colorful spring flowers are shining all over the city. Look at the thousands of scales of eaves tiles, misty in the fluttering rain shadow. That scene can't hold a detached heart.

Hezi is nostalgic for Mianchi.

Notes on the title or background of a book.

Look at the seven episodes of Dongpo. In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1), the author went to Shaanxi and passed by Mianchi (now Henan). His brother Su Zhe sent the author to Zhengzhou, and then returned to Kaifeng, the capital, but it was difficult to send him as soon as possible, so he wrote a song "Huai Mianchi sent Zhan Xiong" as a gift. This poem is the author's harmony poem.

original text

What is life like everywhere? It should be like Hong Fei stepping through the snow.

I accidentally left my fingers and claws in the mud, and Hong Fei was driving that complicated thing!

The old monk is dead and has become a new tower. There is no reason to look at the old topic with a broken wall.

Do you remember today's bumpy past? The road is long and the donkey hisses.

In the first four sentences of this poem, Su Shi made some comments on life. In Su Shi's view, not only the concrete life is uncertain, but also the whole life is full of unknowns, just like the swan goose occasionally stops in the snow during the flight, leaving traces, but when it snows in Hong Fei, everything no longer exists. So, is there a force that dominates this behavior? .

Life is unknowable, which does not mean that life is objective; Although the past has disappeared, it doesn't mean it doesn't exist. Take the experience of riding a donkey on a mountain road and bumping on a difficult and rugged mountain road, isn't it an experience, an experience and a wealth of life? Therefore, although life is impermanent, don't give up your efforts; Although many things are accidental, we should not give up the search for inevitability. This is Su Shi: not only delving into the details of life, but also full of optimism, and his whole outlook on life has been displayed in miniature here.

Ji Yun once commented: "The first four sentences entered the law in a single line, and the Tang people were conservative; The artistic conception is the true color of Dongpo. " The so-called "Tang people's old style" is generally similar to Cui Hao's Yellow Crane Tower. As the seven laws, we should fight each other, but this is straight, not specific. Su Shi's second sentence at this time can also be regarded as antithesis, but its literal meaning is direct connection and connection, so it is "one-way entry into the law." "Artistic conception is unrestrained" means that it is not only elegant in word, magnificent in writing, but also rich in connotation, intriguing and not seeking success. This is Su Shi's "true colors".

Who knows that Su Shi's Ode to the Native is hungry, but I have to stop before I am full. When my stomach is empty, even when I enter the room, I will sit down and help myself day and night, but I am taking pictures and making myself look like a puppet. I often say to myself, if I don't waver, if I don't have a chance, I will fall into hell, such as Shang Jun law, such as Sun Wuling. This heart is silent, this body is upright, disdains being banned, and naturally does not move. If you count to thousands, or you can't count, there is a method. This method is powerful and it is accompanied by everything. Once occupied, you can't get out, and suddenly you feel this interest. From Mao Qiao, 84,000 clouds evaporate and rain disperse, without beginning, and so on.

For example, a blind man suddenly has eyes. Why do you ask for directions at this time? An old man, that's all.

4. Have a well-thought-out plan for the original text (Su Shi) and a well-thought-out plan for the translation of classical Chinese.

Before a painter paints, he already has the image of bamboo in his mind-he has a well-thought-out plan/strategy.

[Original]

Bamboo is born, one inch cute, but the leaves are awkward. Since snakes are covered with snakes, even those who find the ten swords are born with them. Now painters are doing it one by one. When the leaves are tired, there will be no bamboo! Therefore, painting bamboo must be done on the chest first, and the pen must be familiar. When people see what they want to draw, they are anxious to follow the painting and shake it so as to catch up with what they see. For example, if a rabbit falls, it will stand up and die. (Selected from the Collected Works of Dongpo, Volume 49)

[Notes]

Germination: sprout, meaning raw bamboo shoots.

Agkistrodon halys: cicada sloughs its skin.

Hey: cicada shell. Snake ring: a horizontal scale under the belly of a snake. Both describe the shape of bamboo at birth.

Draw a sword: describe bamboo pulled out of its sheath like a sword.

Search: In ancient times, eight feet was the search.

Yes: just.

From: copying.

One: the image of a generation.

Trembling: pen-lifting is completed in one fell swoop.

Vibration: moving. Straight: straight. Sui: Done.

Rabbit ups and downs: As soon as the rabbit appeared, the stork rushed down to catch it.

Vertical: relax.

[translation]

When bamboo first appeared, it was only an inch tall, but the nodes and leaves were there. From the state of cicada molting to 80 feet tall like a drawn sword, it is always there. Now people who draw bamboo are painting one by one, piling one by one. Where can there be complete and fresh bamboo? So when painting bamboo, you must have a complete bamboo image in your mind. When he picked up the pen and studied it carefully, he saw the image of bamboo he wanted to draw. He quickly got up and followed, took a pen, and left the paper in one go, in order to catch up with what he saw, like rabbits jumping and running, storks diving and catching, and disappeared after a little relaxation.

5. Appreciation of Ancient Poetry "Looking at the South of the Yangtze River" Su Shi's old poems in spring enjoy the years while drinking —— Appreciation of Su Shi's "Looking at the South of the Yangtze River"

Spring is not old, the wind is fine and the willows are oblique.

Try to see it on the detached stage, half the city is full of flowers.

Fog and rain darken thousands of people.

After a cold meal, I woke up but felt uncomfortable.

Don't miss the old country for the old friend, try new tea with new fire.

Poetry and wine use time.

In the autumn of the seventh year of Xining in Song Shenzong (1074), Su Shi moved from Hangzhou to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong). In August of the following year, he ordered someone to repair the old platform in the north of the city. His brother Su Zhe titled it "Transcendence" and took the meaning of "Although I have a glorious view, I am detached". At the end of spring in the ninth year of Xining, Su Shi boarded Lisaotai, looked at the misty rain in spring, and felt homesick, and wrote this work. This heroic and graceful poem, through the complex changes of spring scenery and the author's feelings and demeanor, expresses the poet's open-minded and detached mind and attitude towards life. The first part of the poem is about the suburban scenery in late spring when I was on stage.

First of all, with the attitude of spring willow in Spring Breeze-"the wind is thin and the willow is oblique", it points out the seasonal characteristics at that time: spring dusk is not old. The sentence "Try it" simply says that you are overlooking, and "a flower city with half-filled spring water" is set in the middle of the sentence, and the front picture is spread out with spring water and spring flowers. Then take "misty rain darkens thousands of households" as the conclusion, condescending, saying that misty rain hangs over thousands of households. In this way, the city has a panoramic view. The author writes about scenery, paying attention to the strong contrast in color, and vividly conveying the color changes in different time and space in spring through the contrast between light and shade.

The next part is about feelings, which is closely related to the scene written in the last part. "After a cold meal, I wake up after drinking, but I feel anxious", which further points out the boarding time. Cold food, two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day, is said to be a memorial meson push. From this day on, the fire will be banned for three days; After the cold food, it is called "new fire" to rekindle. It is pointed out here that "after cold food". On the one hand, after the cold food, you can start a "new fire". On the other hand, after the cold food, it is Tomb-Sweeping Day who should go home to sweep the grave. However, at this time, I want to return. The above two sentences are full of emotion, full of twists and turns, which reflects the author's endless yearning for his old country and friends. In order to get rid of homesickness, the writer of "the old country is not an old friend, and the new fire tries new tea" takes tea as his own self-dismissal, which not only implies the poet's hard-to-get-rid of depression, but also expresses his self-psychological adjustment to get rid of this depression.

Poetry and wine take advantage of the time ",which further shows that we should be detached from things, forget everything in the world, seize the opportunity, and entertain ourselves by poetry and wine." "Time" refers to a good time, which corresponds to the "spring is not old" mentioned in the opening paragraph. The whole word revolves around the word "detachment", and at this point, it has entered the highest realm of "detachment". This realm is the concrete embodiment of Su Shi's mood and ci realm during his stay in Mizhou.

The word "love" comes from the scene, and the scene blends. Images of late spring, such as oblique willows, terraced fields, springs, city flowers and misty rain, as well as details of burning new fire and trying new tea, vividly and delicately express the author's subtle and complicated inner activities and the warm homesickness of wanderers. The combination of writing foreign scenery and expressing homesickness is so seamless that the author's profound artistic skill can be seen.

I hope it helps you. Note: This article is not original and is reproduced from the folder of the singing fisherman [Su Shi].

6. Ask Su Shi to translate Japanese metaphors in classical Chinese:

People born blind don't know the sun. Ask people with eyes what the sun looks like. Someone told him, "The sun looks like a copper coin." Knock on the coin and you will hear it. One day (he) heard the bell and took the ringing bell as the sun. Someone told him, "The light of the sun is like a candle." You can know the shape of a candle by touching it with your hand. One day, he tried to figure out a piccolo shaped like a candle and regarded it as the sun. The difference between the sun and the ringing clock and the whistling piccolo is too far, but the person who was born blind doesn't know that there is a big difference between them, because he doesn't see it with his own eyes but asks others for knowledge about the sun.

Abstract "Tao" (truth, law, etc. It is more difficult to understand than the sun. People who are not familiar with the Tao are no different from blind people who were born without knowing the sun. Knowledgeable people told him that even with clever metaphors and good inspiration, they could not make these metaphors or teaching methods better than explaining the sun with copper plates and candles. From comparing the sun with a copper plate to a copper bell, from a candle to a musical instrument piccolo, is it over? Therefore, some people in the world who talk about "Tao" explain it according to their own understanding, and some speculate subjectively without understanding it, which are all disadvantages of learning Tao.

In this case, is it impossible to find this "Tao" in the end? Mr. Su said: "Tao can come naturally step by step through its own modest learning, but it cannot be forced without learning." What is "want"? Sun Wu said: "Generals who can fight can attract the enemy without being attracted by the enemy (in a passive position)." Xia Zi said: "Artisans from all walks of life sit in shops and workshops to complete their business of manufacturing and selling products;" Talented people study hard and let that road come naturally. "Not forced, but let it come by itself. This is Wisdom! "

There are many people who can dive in the south and live with water every day. At the age of seven, you can wade across the river, swim on the water at the age of ten and dive into the water at the age of fifteen. Divers can dive into the water for a long time, how can they be sloppy? It must be understood through the law of water activity. If you live with water every day, you can master its laws at the age of fifteen. Born without water, you will still be afraid even when you see a boat in your prime. So the warriors in the north asked the divers in the south for diving skills and tried them in the river according to what they said. There is no one who hasn't drowned. Therefore, instead of studying hard honestly, those who insist on it are people who learn diving in the north.

In the past, the selection of talents was about the rhythm of poetry and fu, so scholars combined Confucianism and Mohism and became famous legalists instead of seeking Confucianism. Nowadays, talents are selected by learning, so scholars only know how to stick to righteousness and don't know how to study hard. Wu, a Bohai native, is interested in studying Confucian classics in a down-to-earth manner. He is about to go to Beijing to take the Jinshi exam headed by the Ministry of Rites. I wrote a Japanese metaphor to encourage him. I hope I can help you! ~