Liu Gongquan's calligraphy was very famous in the Tang Dynasty at that time, and there was a saying among the people that "Liu Zi is a thousand dollars". His calligraphy is vigorous and vigorous, and his words are rigorous and meticulous. As far as the characteristics of Chinese characters are concerned, they are famous for their thinness and strength. The regular script written is beautiful and strong, and the running script and regular script are the most exquisite. Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is called "Liu Style" because of its unique works.
His handwriting is even, thin and hard, steadily chasing the north of Wei River, colorful and beautiful, vigorous and well-organized, and has the name of "Yan Gu". "Books are expensive, thin and hard, and the spirit is clear." Compared with his face, his regular script is slightly flat and thin, so it is called "Yan Gu".
Liu Gongquan's crown of success is not only woven by hard thorns, but also picked on the shoulders of giants. He is good at absorbing the wisdom and achievements of all calligraphers and turning them into his own calligraphers.
(1) Quoted from Zhong Shu and Wang Shu. Liu Gongquan's hammer book can be found in the Diamond Sutra. Liu Xie has pointed out something. Tang people know more about the "two kings", but Liu Gongquan can learn the king's books in a way that looks like a god. Ceng Yun and Wang Shizhen: Liu Gongquan "wrote a book and post" Preface to Lanting Collection ".Although he was far away from Yin Shan Room, he should be able to learn from the gods and leave traces." However, Dong Qichang is the closest friend. He saw from Liu Gongquan's book Learning the King that his form was separated from the king, and that God and the king were United. Realizing that the pen was weak, he turned from Liu Fa to the right army (Learning the King in Books). In fact, from Liu Gongquan's cursive script, we can see that some works have both the blood, charm and charm of the king and the appearance of the king's book. Learning from Wang Shu's calligraphy is one of the sources of Liu Shusheng's life.
② From Europe and Chu. Liu Shu is translated from the works of Ou Yangxun and Chu Suiliang, and there are many critics. Mi Fei believes that Liu. Kang Youwei said: "Honesty is the change of Europe." Kang Youwei also thought it was a thin and hard school, and then Chu Suiliang and Liu Gongquan all belonged to this school (Yi). Liu Xizai thinks that Liu is closely related to Europe and Chu, that is, Yizhou Temple Monument is a collection of Liu Shucheng for later generations, but it is majestic and graceful, similar to Duke Chu's (artistic outline). Ou Shu's bones and muscles are exposed and his structure is cautious. Chu Shu's pen is flexible, smooth and beautiful, which gives Liu Gongquan useful enlightenment.
(3) From Yan Shu. Liu Shu benefited a lot from Yan Zhenqing's book. Sue: "Liu's book is beautiful, but it can create new ideas." ("Dongpo Inscription") Zhu Yun: "Building the law is beautiful, making it rich and rich, calling itself a family." ("Continued Books") In terms of specific books, some say that "Mysterious Tower" is the face of the Guo Temple ("Liu Xizai Art Outline"); Some people say that Lu Gong's Zang Huaike tablet is "the most open", and some people say that "Liu Jian suggested that learning beauty is the starting point" (Guo Shangxian's "Inscription on Building Pavilion"); Some strict Li stele "has the same structure as the family temple and is full of morality, so it is the originator of honesty" (Wang Shizhen's Yizhoushan People's Draft), and so on. Liu Xueyan mainly has four aspects:
The first is to learn strict statutes. Yan Zhenqing's regular script is well prepared in terms of brushwork and word formation, and Liu gained and lost on this basis, making it more complete. The second is to learn from his charming writing style and turn his charm into his own show. The third is to learn the combination of his character and books. Yan's personality is noble, Yan Shu's style is beautiful, and Liu Gongquan is also a typical example of the combination of book beauty and human beauty. Fourth, study the strict spirit of reform. Yan opened up a magnificent realm beyond the barriers of Wang Shu, not only on a par with Wang Xizhi, but also created his own calligraphy style for the prosperous Tang Dynasty and played the sound of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Liu also changed it, creating the style of new books in Yuan Dynasty and later, and enriching the voice of the Tang Dynasty.
Of course, Liu Gongquan learned a lot. He not only learned from other calligraphers, but also drew nutrition from folk calligraphy (such as the North Monument). There are many examples, so I won't list them one by one.
In particular, Liu Gongquan's success lies in a group that learns from each other and makes up for each other's shortcomings. For example, Shen Chuanshi, who is ten years older than Liu Gongquan, and Pei Xiu, who is thirteen years younger than Liu Gongquan, are all calligraphers of the same type as Liu Gongquan: they are "fresh school" and "new school". Liu Gongquan's famous monument "Mysterious Pagoda" was written by Pei Xiu, and Pei Xiu's famous monument "Guifeng Dinghui Zen Master Monument" was sealed by Liu Gongquan. Pei's tablet, on the other hand, shows his influence: "His meticulous participation, skillful use of pen and dense knot are all in harmony with sincerity" (Yu Shi). Liu Gongquan's brother Liu Gongzhuo is also good at calligraphy, so it is reasonable to influence each other.
The transformation of Liu Gong's power into a giant requires not only wise heart, quality, quantity, degree, shape, spirit and rhyme, but also extraordinary skill and hard training, especially his own spirit and personality. This is why Liu Gongquan became Liu Gongquan.
Liu Gongquan wrote many books and erected many monuments in his life. Here, introduce some of his masterpieces:
1. Engraved Diamond Sutra (824, 47 years old)
Liu Gongquan's official letter, carved as a horizontal stone, is 12 * * * words, each line is 1 1 words. The original stone was destroyed in the Song Dynasty. The only Tang rubbings were found in Dunhuang Grottoes and are now in the Paris Museum. This is Liu Shu's early masterpiece. His brushwork is meticulous, thin, vigorous and charming; The structure is meticulous, taking the shape of longitudinal length, tight in the middle palace, spreading in all directions, and pulling it out with clear strength. "Six Valley" can be known here, and so can Liu Jizhong's books. Ji Yun says: "If you hang the Diamond Sutra, Liu Xie said that you have the body of Zhong (Zhi), Wang (Zhi), Ou (Zhi), Yu (Zhi), Chu (Zhi) and Lu (Zhi). Today's test of his book is a must, especially valuable. " (Postscript of Guang Chuan)
2. Li Sheng Monument (829, 52 years old)
The monument is located in Gaoling County, Shaanxi Province, with a height of one foot four feet two inches, a width of five feet eight inches two minutes, thirty-four lines and sixty-one words. Pei Du wrote, Liu Gongquan wrote, and sealed the forehead. This monument was already full of flowers and stones in the Ming Dynasty. Sun Qing Chengze's Summer of Gengzi said: "Although the words are peeling off, they are still available at first glance." Compared with the Diamond Sutra, it strengthens the concepts of firmness, angularity, pointedness, straightness and straightness. But in some places, the words seem stiff and cramped.
3. Hui Yuan Guan, Preface to the Harmony of Paris (836, 59 years old)
The stone is placed horizontally, with 20 crosses in 4 1 row, which was carved by Shao Jian and others. 1986 1 1 was unearthed outside Heping Gate in Xi 'an. This tablet is full of charm and meticulous brushwork, with Fang Bi as the main pen and round pen as the supplement, which is vigorous and powerful. Its structure often changes in dislocation, such as the words "squat", "bell" and "building" in the left and right structures, and the left side is moved up to form a knot with short left and long right, seeking rhyme and interest in the imbalance. Liu Shu is gradually going to another depth.
4. Su Fengbei (837, 60 years old)
The Book of Liu Gongquan was written by the author, with a total of 4 1 line and 83 words. It is a forest of steles in Shizang 'an. His books are refreshing, fast, healthy and full of energy. It seems to indicate that a more exquisite "Liu Ti" is about to be born. In the following five or six years, the mysterious tower and the Shence Army came out one after another and became the standard of the Millennium regular script. "Summer of Gengzi" quoted Yang Yongxiu as saying: "Feng Shangshu Monument is second only to (Yu Shinan) Temple Monument." "Graphite Seal Carving China" said: "This monument is slightly better than the Xuanta Monument, but not as good as Xue Ji's Flying Goose. Yang Yongxiu Yunya's Temple Monument has passed. "
5. Monument to this mountain (838,61year old)
Li Zongmin wrote it, Liu Gongquan wrote it and sealed it, and Shao Jian carved it. Thirty-one lines, sixty-two words, the monument is one foot high and four feet five inches wide, which is the most prominent among the willow monuments. Stone was destroyed in Fuping County during the "Ten-year turmoil". This monument enjoys a high reputation from ancient times to the present, and it has been recorded in Jin Shi Lu, Bao Lei Ke Bian and Ji Gu Zhen. Although the characters of this monument and the Su Feng Monument are smaller than those of the Mystery Tower Monument, they are just as bold, profound in words, meticulous in structure and rational in spirit. Sun Chengze's "More Summer Purple" said: "His book also has the reason that Shan Juan is invincible in Luo Qi." This means that there is a charm in majesty.
6. Mystery Tower Monument (84 1, 64 years old)
Pei Xiu wrote an article, Liu Gongquan wrote it, sealed it, and Shao Jianhe and Shao Jianchu carved it. * * * 28 lines, 54 words, stone deposit Xi 'an forest of steles. Shu's "Inscription on Virtual Boat" said: "Sincerity is precision work." Wang Mingshizhen's "Yizhou Mountain Man Draft" says: "This monument is the most exposed in Liu Shu." Its bones are vigorous and vigorous, its bones and muscles are particularly exposed, and it is vigorous and charming; The knot is slender, the size is quite patchy, rich and changeable, looking forward to flying and smooth lines. The whole monument is excellent without any slack.
7. Shence Army Monument (843, 66 years old)
Cui Xuan wrote an article on this monument, and Liu Gongquan sent a letter to record Li Yan's military affairs in patrolling the left. The monument is located in the forbidden area of the palace and cannot be circulated casually, so it is circulated less. Beijing Library has rubbings of the Northern Song Dynasty. This monument and the mysterious tower are separated by two years, with similar overall style, rigorous statutes and strong spirit, but there are also some differences. The "mysterious tower" is extremely vigorous and healthy, and this monument is abundant; The former is extremely exposed, while the latter is gentle and respectful; The former is more flattering and the latter is heavier. This engraver is also very meticulous, and he still thinks that Liu Shu is the best handed down from generation to generation. Sun Chengze said: "There is a gentle gesture in calligraphy, which is his most proud stroke." Among Liu Gongquan's regular script, the tablet of Shence Army and the mysterious pagoda tablet have the most far-reaching influence.
8. Liu Mianbei (848,71year)
The Book of Liu Gongquan was written by Wei Bo. It was written in Yuan Dynasty, with 37 lines and 65 words in regular script. The font of this tablet is small, but the writing style is beautiful. Yang Shoujing noticed its "elegance" in "Learning Your Words". Look at the stone tablet carefully with a round pen, such as the word "country". The right corner is deformed into a circle, and the right straight down is also a crossbow. The word "Si" of "Situ" suddenly bends down to the right, which is clumsy, and the word "Dao" of "Shinto" is also wrong. After seventy, Liu Gongquan's book is also changing. This monument and its similar styles, such as Fu Phosphorus Monument, Wei Gongxian Temple, Liu Mian, Su Feng, etc., all have the style of "gathering talents, but elegant after all".
9. Wei Gong Temple Monument (852, 75 years old)
Liu Gongquan, 36 lines and 60 words, written by Tang, was originally published by Ann. The tablet is broken and scattered, and it can't be worn completely. At first, there were only five stone heads. The age of this monument is unknown. Wang Chang's collection of stone carvings is considered to be at the end of Xian Tong (874), and the collection of treasure carvings is considered to be six years old (852). This monument is graceful and elegant, and the willow book is vigorous. Looking closely, it has reached the realm of elegance. His strokes are quite pitch, such as "Shang" and "Wu"; The conclusion of the word is quite inclined, such as the center of gravity of "thing" and "country" is to the right; Another example is the "Food City 500" business, which makes you find everything you need and enjoy it.
10. The height is much higher than the north (853, 76 years old)
Liu Gongquan's book, written by Xiao Ye, is in Luoyang, Henan. The monument is over a foot high and four feet wide. Regular script has 33 lines and 79 words. The forehead is printed with the handwriting "The Tang Dynasty official gave the official a right servant to shoot a tombstone, a senior official in Bohai", with four lines and two horizontal lines. Kang Youwei said, "There is a dragon leaping and tiger lying in the north of Henan Province." (The Book of Changes in Guang Yi) Yang Qingshoujing said in the Book of Learning: "The monument of' Gao' is especially perfect. From the end of the year, although there are authors, it is impossible to open the door by yourself. " "Yue Long Tiger Lying" is a metaphor for the strength of his calligraphy. The latter is called perfection, which has reached the realm of perfection.
1 1. Tolingi Monument (857, 80 years old)
Liu Gongquan is writing, Cui An is writing, and the stone is in Lushan Mountain, Jiangxi Province. This monument was stripped by fire in the Song Dynasty, broken in the Qing Dynasty and imitated in the Yuan Dynasty. Although this monument is tall and straight with willow bones, the wind edge has changed from external projection to internal connotation. With the growth of age, the firmness of sharp-edged has also decreased accordingly. There are many gaps between the words of this monument, and there seems to be a kind of light between the lines.