(1) Strictly abide by the operating procedures and daily maintenance system.
Operators of CNC equipment should strictly abide by the operating rules and daily maintenance system, and the technical and professional quality of operators is an important factor affecting the frequency of failures. When the machine tool breaks down, the operator should pay attention to keeping the scene and truthfully explain the situation before and after the failure to the maintenance personnel, so as to analyze and diagnose the cause of the failure and eliminate it in time.
(2) Prevent dust and dirt from entering the interior of the numerical control device.
There are usually oil mist, dust and even metal powder in the air of machining workshop. Once they fall on the circuit board or electronic device in the numerical control system, it is easy to reduce the insulation resistance between components, and even lead to the damage of components and circuit boards. In summer, some users open the door of the CNC cabinet to dissipate heat in order to overload the CNC system for a long time.
Check whether the cooling fan on the CNC cabinet works normally. Check the air duct filter for blockage once every six months or once every quarter. If the dust on the filter screen accumulates too much and is not cleaned in time, the temperature in the numerical control cabinet will be too high.
Most CNC machine tools produced before 1980s were equipped with photoelectric paper tape readers. If the reading part of the tape is polluted, it will lead to the error of reading information. Therefore, the photoelectric reader must be maintained as required.
Excessive wear of DC motor brushes will affect the performance of the motor, and even lead to motor damage. Therefore, the motor brushes should be inspected and replaced regularly. CNC lathes, CNC milling machines and machining centers should be inspected once a year.
Generally, a rechargeable battery maintenance circuit is provided for CMOS RAM storage devices in CNC system to ensure that the contents of its memory can be maintained when the system is not powered on. Under normal circumstances, even if it has not expired, it should be replaced once a year to ensure the normal work of the system. The battery replacement should be carried out under the power supply state of the numerical control system to prevent the information in the RAM from being lost during the replacement.
When the spare printed circuit board is not used for a long time, it should be installed in the numerical control system regularly for a period of time to prevent damage.
Regularly adjust the tightness of the spindle drive belt to prevent the rotation loss caused by belt slippage; Check the spindle lubrication thermostatic oil tank, adjust the temperature range, replenish oil in time and clean the filter; After long-term use, the tool clamping device in the spindle will produce a gap, which will affect the tool clamping. It is necessary to adjust the displacement of hydraulic cylinder piston in time.
Regularly check and adjust the axial clearance of the screw pair to ensure the reverse transmission accuracy and axial stiffness; Regularly check whether the connection between the screw and the lathe bed is loose; If the screw protection device is damaged, it should be replaced in time to prevent dust or debris from entering.
It is forbidden to load overweight and long tools into the tool magazine, so as to avoid the tool falling or the tool colliding with the workpiece and fixture when the manipulator changes tools. Always check whether the reset position of tool magazine is correct, check whether the cutter point position of machine tool spindle is in place, and adjust it in time; When starting, the tool magazine and manipulator should idle, and check whether all parts work normally, especially the travel switch and solenoid valve.
Regularly clean or replace the filters or sub-filters of various lubrication, hydraulic and pneumatic systems; Check the oil quality of hydraulic system regularly, and add and replace hydraulic oil; Regularly drain the water in the water distribution filter of the air pressure system.
Regularly check and correct the level and mechanical accuracy of machine tools. There are two methods to correct mechanical accuracy: soft method and hard method. Its soft method is mainly through system parameter compensation, such as screw reverse clearance compensation, coordinate positioning accuracy fixed-point compensation, machine tool back reference point position correction and so on. Hard methods are generally carried out during machine tool overhaul, such as rail scraping, ball screw nut pair pre-tightening, reverse clearance adjustment, etc.
Numerical control equipment is an advanced processing equipment with high automation and complex structure. To give full play to the efficiency of numerical control equipment, it is necessary to operate correctly and maintain it carefully to ensure the normal operation and high utilization rate of the equipment. It integrates machinery, electricity and liquid, so CNC equipment has higher requirements for maintenance personnel. In addition to the daily maintenance mentioned in this paper, special maintenance should also be carried out according to the detailed operating instructions of specific numerical control equipment.
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