What are the important items in the physical examination?
1 weight: weight is one of the important indicators representing a person's health. By weighing, you can find out whether there is a disease. Gong, deputy director of general surgery at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, said that overweight or obese people often suffer from obesity, early diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and high weight is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Excessive weight loss in a short time (not deliberate weight loss) often suggests the possibility of malignant tumor, tuberculosis and diabetes.
2 blood pressure measurement: if tinnitus, dizziness, insomnia, dizziness, etc. are found. You should always pay attention to the changes of blood pressure and don't ignore it because it is neurasthenia. Blood pressure is the easiest way to know the elasticity of arteries. Regular blood pressure measurement can detect hypertension and arteriosclerosis at an early stage. Because many hypertensive patients have no symptoms such as headache and dizziness in the early stage, only by measuring blood pressure can they find abnormalities.
Touch superficial lymphadenopathy, thyroid and breast masses.
4 Check your eyes: In addition to checking your eyesight, you should also check the fundus and intraocular pressure, and you can find diseases such as glaucoma, cataract and arteriosclerosis. Examination of fundus artery can reflect the degree of cerebral arteriosclerosis.
Laboratory examination: The main items are: ① Blood routine, which can indicate some blood system diseases and infectious diseases, and progressive anemia can indicate the possibility of tumor. ② Check urine routine: You can know whether there are urinary tract infections, nephritis, urinary calculi, tumors, etc. ③ Routine stool test+occult blood test: fecal occult blood test can detect digestive tract tumors early. ④ Biochemical items such as blood lipid and blood sugar. It can detect hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hepatitis, digestive tract tumors and other diseases at an early stage. ⑤ Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The increase of CEA often indicates the possibility of some digestive tract tumors and lung cancer. The increase of AFP suggests the possibility of liver cancer. ⑥ Liver function, especially in patients with chronic hepatitis B, should be checked frequently. If it is abnormal, we should further check two and a half antibodies against hepatitis B and C to see if there is acute or chronic hepatitis.
X-ray examination: positive lateral X-ray chest film: lung cancer can be found early, especially smokers should be examined once every six months. Tuberculosis, lung cancer and digestive tract tumors can be found early. If the chest radiograph is abnormal, further chest CT examination should be done.
Electrocardiogram: Early detection of myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, coronary heart disease and other diseases. If there are many risk factors and symptoms of precordial discomfort, you can further do 24-hour dynamic electrocardiogram or exercise electrocardiogram examination, and if necessary, you can do coronary angiography to understand the blood supply of coronary artery.
Ultrasound: Ultrasound examination of liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney, uterus and accessories can find hepatobiliary and pancreatic tumors, gynecological tumors and other diseases, such as fatty liver, gallstones, liver cirrhosis and so on.
Elderly men should have prostate examination, and women should have gynecological examination.
10 anal digital diagnosis: it is helpful to find rectal cancer and prostate cancer.
Significance of children's mental health examination
Children have to undergo psychological examination every year.
Everyone is familiar with physical examination, but have you ever heard of "psychological examination"?
In Germany, from kindergarten children to primary and secondary school students, a psychological examination is conducted every year, and psychological classes are taken from an early age to learn self-regulation.
Fabian, 10 years old, recently his academic performance was in a mess because he didn't like to talk, which made his parents very unhappy. His parents took him to the nearby "Psychoanalysis Test Consultation Center" and asked a professional psychologist to test him. Fabian's father said: "The mental health of children is very important. There are often psychological consultation pamphlets in the community for parents to take their children for psychological examination every year. We are also very concerned about the emotional changes of children. "
The significance of psychological examination.
The reporter learned that the psychologist chatted with Fabian and communicated with his parents through a series of topic tests, and found out the reason why Fabian was "abnormal". "The child's IQ is higher than that of ordinary people. He is tired of learning mainly because he is not interested in daily courses and lacks communication with his classmates. " Then the doctor gave Fabian's parents a series of suggestions according to his personality characteristics.
The doctor also advised Fabian to take courses in psychological counseling at school. German schools have offered a series of psychology courses since kindergarten, including self-regulation, interpersonal relationship, environmental adaptation and how to express themselves. There are also related activities in community weekends. The reporter saw in the psychological counseling center near the community that a teacher was playing games with the children, telling them how to communicate with others and learn to adjust themselves through games.
The staff here said: "Unlike adults, children have the ability of self-judgment, and their psychological problems are not easily detected. Therefore, Germany calls on/kloc-children under 0/6 to have a psychological examination every year. On the one hand, we can find problems in time, on the other hand, we can understand the psychological maturity of children and help them grow up healthily. "
What are the entry medical examination items?
First, internal medicine examination
Mainly doctors press and auscultate the heart, liver, lung, spleen, kidney and gallbladder, and conduct systematic examination.
Second, the surgical examination
On-the-job physical examination project doctors check whether there are lesions in the skin and spine by looking and touching.
Third, blood routine.
The physical examination includes 18 items, which can analyze the general health status, screen whether there is anemia, whether platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells and hemoglobin are normal, and make timely judgments on blood diseases and liver diseases.
Fourth, electrocardiogram.
This is an effective method to check the heart function, and can screen arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia and other diseases.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) liver function
The items of physical examination mainly include alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin, and systematic examination of liver health, such as various hepatitis and tumors.
Six, chest fluoroscopy
The entry physical examination, also known as X-ray examination, is mainly to check the lung health. Here, we should remind those who are planning to get pregnant or are already pregnant not to do chest X-ray examination, which will have side effects on children's health.
Matters needing attention in physical examination
1, fasting examination
There are items that need blood drawing in the physical examination, so you can't eat after dinner the day before the physical examination, and ensure that you are fasting for more than eight hours, so as not to affect the effect of blood drawing examination and the accuracy of other fasting examination results.
2. Pay attention to the physical examination time
Blood sampling on an empty stomach should be carried out at 6:00-9:00 in the morning, so that the physical examination results are more accurate. In addition, it is best for women to choose non-menstrual period for physical examination, preferably after one week of menstruation.
Step 3 keep in a good mood
Be sure to control your emotions before the physical examination. Keeping a good mood can also make the physical examination go smoothly. If you are depressed or excited, some tests will be inaccurate.
4, pregnant women should pay attention to
If you are pregnant or ready to be pregnant, you must pay attention to it when doing physical examination, and don't do radiological examination. For example, chest X-ray examination will lead to miscarriage or fetal malformation.
Conclusion: Through the introduction of the above physical examination items, I believe that the new and old people who are ready to join the job will remember it clearly. Only by doing a good physical examination and knowing your physical condition can you be more responsible for your body and put more passion into your work. It is also important to pay attention to the precautions of physical examination.
What are the physical examination items for the elderly?
1. What are the physical examination items for the elderly?
1. 1, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular examination. This is the focus of physical examination for the elderly. Including blood pressure measurement, electrocardiogram, cerebral artery examination to understand blood pressure, myocardial and cerebral blood supply, arrhythmia and so on.
1.2, B-ultrasound and chest X-ray. B-ultrasound can find whether there are tumors or stones in the hepatobiliary bladder, and neck color ultrasound can find whether there are plaques on the inner wall of carotid artery. Because this is a non-invasive examination, the elderly can check it many times. Chest X-ray photography can detect tuberculosis and lung cancer early. The chest X-ray examination has been cancelled from the physical examination because of the large amount of radiation.
1.3, blood glucose and blood lipid. Old people who are obese or suffering from hypertension and arteriosclerosis should pay special attention to this item.
2, the elderly physical examination should increase the project.
2. 1, check the fundus. Senile cataract and primary glaucoma can be found early. Patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes can reflect whether the artery is hardened by examining the fundus.
2.2. Detection of bone mineral density. Old people are prone to osteoporosis, and men over 50 and women over 45 should have bone mineral density tests.
2.3, fecal occult blood test. Older people over 50 years old, especially older men, should be included in the "supplementary list" of physical examination to find out whether there are digestive tract diseases.
3. Matters needing attention in physical examination of the elderly
3. 1, urea nitrogen and serum creatinine are important indexes of renal function, and these two tests are also affected by diet, especially urea nitrogen, which will increase obviously in blood and serum creatinine value after a large intake of protein. In order to eliminate the influence of diet, you should avoid eating a lot of high-protein food 3 days before renal function examination.
3.2. The blood sugar regulation function of the elderly is declining. Eating high-sugar food before physical examination will lead to high blood sugar. It is best not to eat high-sugar food two days before physical examination.
3.3, the elderly should not exercise excessively before checking blood sugar.
3.4, before the physical examination, the mood is impatient, sleep is not good, and the blood sugar value may also rise. Therefore, before checking blood sugar, the elderly should not only avoid eating, but also pay attention to rest and adjust their mood.
3.5. After eating high-fat and high-protein food for 72 hours, some fat and protein in the body are still not completely metabolized, and the content of liver function enzymes will increase during the examination, even leading to hyperlipidemia and high cholesterol. Therefore, in addition to not eating high-fat food within 3 days before physical examination, it is not advisable to drink alcohol within 24 hours before liver function examination, otherwise it will affect the results of liver function examination.
What misunderstandings should be avoided in physical examination?
1, expensive physical examination: the price of physical examination has always been a concern of everyone. Some medical examiners have better financial ability, and it is understandable that they want to have a more comprehensive and thorough one-time examination and choose a higher-priced package. Higher-priced packages usually contain a full set of indicators.
Under normal circumstances, it is recommended that the medical examiner start with the basic package, and if there are problems with important indicators, then do a full set of examinations to further diagnose. Ordinary people don't need to choose particularly high-end instruments. Personal physical examination generally chooses 300-400 project packages to find out the basic situation of your body.
2, physical examination increases psychological pressure: Many people think that it is better to be confused than to find a serious illness, resulting in psychological pressure and mental burden. But experts remind this group of people that early detection and early treatment is the best way to solve diseases such as tumors.
The investigation report of the World Health Organization Cancer Advisory Committee shows that 1/3 tumor can be prevented; 1/3 tumor can be found early and treated effectively early; 1/3the patients with advanced cancer can prolong their life and improve their quality of life through treatment. According to experts, about14 cancer patients in China can live for more than 5 years.
Common sense of health care for the elderly
1, frequent bathing: There are many kinds of bathing, including hot spring bath, sunbathing, clean water bath, air bath, sand bath, mud bath and so on. The application can be selected according to the conditions and physical condition.
2, often wash feet: washing feet with moderate hot water before going to bed every night is one of the secrets of health. Massage Yongquan point for more than 30 times after washing feet, which is beneficial to sleep and health care, especially in winter.
3, often nourishing qi: To actively nourish essence, we must maintain a happy spirit, feel comfortable, not angry when things happen, have a broad mind, eat well, live a normal life, combine work and rest, exercise first, and enhance resistance. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that "qi circulation leads to blood circulation" is the foundation of health.
4, often nourish the essence: people with kidney deficiency are prone to low back pain, knee weakness, dizziness, tinnitus, insomnia, palpitations, tooth movement, listlessness, premature reproductive failure and other symptoms. Only by taking the measures of "nourishing essence, protecting kidney and abstinence" can we treat the above diseases and achieve the goal of health and longevity.
5. Nutrition: Nutrition is the material basis of life, and protein, sugar, fat, vitamins and minerals are indispensable. Medicine and food should be fed together, mainly food; Pay equal attention to meat and vegetables.
6, talk about hygiene: diet should be cautious, vegetables and fruits should be washed; Wash your hands before meals and rinse your mouth and brush your teeth after meals; Pots, bowls, chopsticks, spoons and other tableware should be cleaned and disinfected; Usually clothes and living environment should be clean and hygienic.