1 seed collection and storage Altay is located in the northern edge of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and belongs to temperate arid climate, with annual precipitation of 19 1.3mm and annual average temperature of 4.5℃, which is very suitable for planting Lycium barbarum. Every August-September, the fruit of Lycium barbarum ripens. After the seeds are harvested, soak them in cold water for 30 minutes.
After that, the fruit of Lycium barbarum was crushed by a refiner, and then the attached fleshy components were completely removed. The separated seeds were dried in the air, and then stored in outer packaging. The selected seeds should be planted at the beginning, and the emergence rate of old seeds will be greatly reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to choose new seeds that have just been harvested for planting.
2. Seedling raising technology When raising seedlings, the suitable low seedling stage should be selected, with the specification of length× width (12 m× 1.2 m), during which a safe passage should be set for management, and the total width should be set to 50cm. When planting, water should be poured before planting. In order to prevent the seeds from carrying pathogenic bacteria, the seeds can be soaked in potassium permanganate solution and planted according to the specification of 15kg/hm2. When the seeds are completely covered at the seedling stage, they should be covered with fine gravel soil with a thickness of 1cm.
After planting, it is necessary to continuously sprinkle water at seedling stage to maintain the environmental humidity at seedling stage and ensure the survival rate of seeds. At the same time, the cultivation of Lycium barbarum can also be carried out by hole sowing or strip sowing. Nowadays, greenhouse seedling raising is also widely used. When the seedlings grow to an aspect ratio of 20 cm, they can be planted in the street. In the process of transplanting, unnecessary branches of seedlings should be cut off and roots should be trimmed at the same time. In the process of planting, the root system should be maintained reasonably and effectively.
The cutting season is chosen in spring and autumn. The selection of cutting branches should be based on single annual branches, and branches with good growth ability, no pests and diseases and good bud condition should be selected for cutting. Cutting should be trimmed, preferably 20 cm, and soaked in NAA and its rooting agent for 2 ~ 3 days.
The effective survival rate can be achieved by adjusting the cuttage bed. At the same time, when burying, the branches are inclined downward and tamped, and the soil moisture content is kept, and the plants are planted according to these forms. Moreover, because of the strong growth ability of Lycium barbarum, many new buds will grow in the cut main stem for a period of time.
3 Reasonable density According to more than ten years of planting practice, reasonable sparse planting should be adopted in the process of planting Lycium barbarum, which can greatly improve the yield of Lycium barbarum. In fact, the row spacing of 1 .5 m×1m is the best, and 6600 plants should be planted in1mu. According to this standard, it is not only beneficial to its effective growth, but also convenient for its middle and late harvest.
It is important to manage enough water in the field to increase the yield. Replenish water as soon as possible after transplanting famous brands, and water scientifically and reasonably according to the actual situation of soil layer. After all the seedlings survive, flood irrigation and a certain amount of chemical fertilizer are applied. The growth cycle of Lycium barbarum must be watered about 7 times, and the watering times should be carried out according to the actual soil conditions to ensure the normal growth of plants, save water resources, promote the rapid and healthy growth of Lycium barbarum, and provide sufficient conditions for super-high yield.
Lycium barbarum not only likes fertilizer very much, but also is very tolerant of fertilizer, especially fermented organic fertilizer, which is very beneficial to its growth. However, in the process of fertilization, both organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer should be used together, light fertilizer should be distributed reasonably, and the formula should be scientific to promote the growth and development of seedlings. According to the different growth links of Lycium barbarum, targeted application can promote its rapid growth, expand the crown, grow more new buds, improve the flowering rate and fruit setting rate, and increase the yield of Lycium barbarum.
5 shaping and pruning Lycium barbarum generally begins to bear fruit after three years of growth, and enters a high-yield period after two years of growth. Therefore, reasonable and effective plastic trimming should be carried out three years ago. When transplanting Lycium barbarum, the relative height should be adjusted below 50 cm. Subtract all overgrown branches, embed five main stems and cultivate the main stems. After growing for a period of time, after 40cm, the main stem is shaped as above, so it is best to keep four layers, and the branches of the main stem on each layer should be expanded to ensure efficiency and increase yield.
6 Prevention and control of pests and diseases Agricultural prevention and control: ① Strengthen soil cultivation and weeding, deepen the soil, clear it in time, and focus on damaging dead branches, insect branches and weeds; (2) Irrigation in time to avoid water accumulation; ③ Rational fertilization and pruning to promote the healthy growth of plants. Physical control: Physical plant protection technology is used to trap and kill pests by means of lighting and color, such as black light and silver gray film. Biological control: ① maintain natural enemies and create environmental conditions conducive to the reproduction and growth of natural enemies of pests; ② Pesticide control. Such as carbendazim to control root rot, dimethoate EC to control aphids, soil lice and other pests.
7 Harvesting and processing Lycium barbarum should be completed in time when the fruit is ripe. It should be dried in the sun, not exposed to the sun, to prevent it from being too dry, to avoid crushing the fruit, and to be careful not to rub it hard, so as not to endanger the appearance and quality. If it rains in summer, it can be dried with ultra-low temperature fire.
Conclusion The cultivation of Lycium barbarum in Altay, Xinjiang should be combined with soil selection, seedling raising methods, growth management and pest control, so as to lay a solid foundation for improving the yield and quality of Lycium barbarum in Altay, Xinjiang.