It is an autotrophic organism, and nitrifying bacteria is a kind of aerobic bacteria, including nitrite bacteria and nitrate bacteria. Living in aerobic water or sand plays an important role in the purification of nitrogen circulating water. Nitrifying bacteria widely exist in the natural environment. Its survival needs water and oxygen, and it can only survive if it meets the supply of water and oxygen at the same time.

Classification of nitrifying bacteria: nitrifying bacteria belong to autotrophic bacteria and prokaryotes, including two completely different metabolic groups of nitrite and nitrate, as well as different forms of bacilli, cocci and spirochetes.

Nitrite bacteria include bacteria belonging to the genera Nitromonas, Nitrococcus, Spirillum and Phyllanthus. Nitrogen-containing bacteria include nitrifying bacteria, nitrifying cocci and nitrifying cystine. Both of these bacteria are obligate aerobic bacteria, and oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the oxidation process.

Most of them are specialized autotrophs and cannot grow on organic media, such as nitrosomonas, nitrosobacteria, nitrosococci, nitrosomonas, nitrifying fungi, nitrifying cocci and so on. Only a few of them are facultative autotrophs, and they can also grow on some organic media, such as some strains of nitrobacter vickii.

From the morphological point of view, there are also various, such as spherical, rod, spiral and so on. , but they are all gram-negative bacteria without spores; Some have flagella that can move, such as nitrosomonas, which moves the whole body by flagella; Some people can't exercise without flagella, such as Nitraria. Generally distributed in soil, fresh water and seawater, some bacteria are only found in seawater, such as nitrifying cocci and nitrifying spines.