Traveling by air has become a more and more popular choice for modern people, but because of flying in the sky, it is beyond people's control, and people subconsciously think that the plane is a very dangerous means of transportation. Let me share with you the main points of aviation safety knowledge. Welcome to read and browse.
There are generally six signs of a plane crash.
1. The fuselage is bumpy; 2. The plane dropped sharply; 3. Smoke appears in the engine room; 4. Black smoke appears outside the engine room; 5. When the engine is turned off, the roar of the plane that has been accompanied disappears; 6. When flying at high altitude, there was a loud noise and the cabin was dusty, which caused the fuselage to rupture and the cabin to suddenly decompress.
Have you ever had such an experience? When a car flies by in front of us, many of us go blank in an instant. The subconscious reaction is not to jump off at once, but to stand still and wait for the car to hit us. This kind? No time to react? It is a normal reaction of people to emergencies. Before the plane exploded, there were indeed records of passengers sitting still. Therefore, the first thing for passengers to exercise themselves is to jump out of the blank state of their brains for the first time and make a calm choice.
1, always fasten your seat belt in the air.
In case of disintegration at high altitude, no matter where you sit on the plane, there is little hope of survival. For example, in June 2009, Air France A330 broke up in the air, killing all 228 people on board. Even if there is little chance of survival, fasten your seat belt in the air. Otherwise, the plane hasn't landed yet, and in the process of rolling in the air, passengers have been hit back and forth in the cabin and died.
2. Take-off and crash: Count the seats several rows away from the emergency exit.
The crash after take-off may be due to aircraft failure or bad weather. If there is a fault but there is no explosion and fire, all passengers on board may be rescued; In case of bad weather, especially when the airflow falls from the air to the ground, the plane will crash. For example, in October 20 10 10, Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 737 took off against the storm and soon crashed into the no one lives of the Mediterranean.
No matter what the reason is, passengers should observe where the emergency exit is before taking off, and try to count the number of seats between your row of seats and the row of seats at the exit, so that even if they can't see it, they can know that they have reached the emergency exit.
3. Landing and crash: Stay calm and escape from the wreckage.
Generally speaking, when the plane lands, its head will be slightly lower. At this point, the nose is most vulnerable to impact, and the tail is intact. In this case, the seat at the back is the safest. For example, in the previous Libyan air crash, the fuselage was completely shattered, and only the tail was basically intact. Some experts think that the surviving boys should sit in the back of the plane.
As long as there is no collision and explosion in the sitting position, passengers should stay away from the wreckage as soon as possible while keeping their heads calm, which has the greatest chance of survival.
4, the accident instantaneous response is faster.
Have you ever had such an experience? When a car flies by in front of us, many of us go blank in an instant. The subconscious reaction is not to jump off at once, but to stand still and wait for the car to hit us. This kind? No time to react? It is a normal reaction of people to emergencies. Before the plane exploded, there were indeed records of passengers sitting still. Therefore, the first thing for passengers to exercise themselves is to jump out of the blank state of their brains for the first time and make a calm choice.
If the plane is making an emergency landing, according to the flight attendant's instructions, take an anti-collision posture: the calf is retracted and the head is leaned forward as close as possible to the knee. This posture can reduce the risk of passengers being knocked unconscious or injured in the spine. Parents with babies should not hold their babies in their arms, because they may be thrown out under impact; And when the plane crashes, parents tend to lean forward and hold their children down.
After the plane landed successfully, passengers should immediately unfasten their seat belts to escape. The suggestion of quickly unfastening the seat belt sounds ridiculous at first sight, but even the crew members will make the mistake of unfastening the seat belt in an emergency. The next step is to leave the plane as soon as possible. If the flight attendants organize evacuation, they must obey the arrangement, and rushing to the exit is likely to block the survival passage.
After getting off the plane successfully, don't stay near the plane even if you are worried about your family inside. Even if the plane does not explode, it will produce toxic gas due to combustion. Passengers should immediately run to the windward side of the wreckage, which is very harmful to your health and health.
5. The Jedi escaped and grabbed the gold for 90 seconds!
90 seconds after the plane crash is the prime time to escape. Are you online? Gold for 90 seconds? What should people do at school?
Many people in the industry think that the plane escaped within one and a half minutes after it crashed? Gold? Time.
Whether you can escape at the moment of plane crash depends not only on your quick response at the scene. Gary, an Australian health professor, studied the 105 air crash and the interview records of more than 2,000 survivors from 1983 to 2000, and also summarized six self-help methods.
1, don't get separated from your family.
Gail said that 50% of passengers travel in groups, so his first suggestion is: If you travel with your family, you should insist on not letting the airlines separate you. There is a simple reason. If you sit in different parts of the cabin, you always want to get together before you escape, which is very dangerous. ? For a family of four, we should sit together and be prepared to run away separately. ? Maybe you have an adult to take care of a child, so you are in two groups, and each group should be prepared to escape from different exits. ?
2, learn to solve the seat belt
This may sound ridiculous, but it is very important. Gary's research shows that even the crew will make mistakes on this issue in an emergency. ? When you want to unfasten your seat belt, you will subconsciously think of ways to unfasten your car seat belt. You will press the button, but on the plane, you need to open the bolt. If you can't unfasten your seat belt, your chances of escape are slim. ?
3. Close to escape.
Experts say that the most important thing is to find the location of the nearest emergency exit in advance. After boarding the plane, count the rows between your seat and the exit. After evaluating the seats of 2000 survivors, Gail came up with some rules of thumb. He said:? The average distance survivors have to walk when they escape is about 7 rows of seats. You can choose to sit in this range. You should also count the number of seats in the nearest two exits so as to find the exit in the dark. Why choose another exit? Because the nearest escape route may not be available. ?
The survey found that the seats with the highest probability of survival were the seats at the emergency exit and the seats in the row before and after the plane caught fire. Passengers within two to five rows of seats from the emergency exit have a higher than average survival rate. The most dangerous seats are seats 6 rows or more away from the emergency exit.
The investigation report shows that passengers sitting in the front of the plane cabin have a 65% chance of escape when the plane is on fire; The probability of passengers sitting in the back row is reduced to 53%. Passengers sitting in aisle seats have a 64% chance of survival, and passengers in other seats have a 58% chance of escape.
4. Turn your back to the flight direction
Passengers will be safer if all the seats on the plane are facing back, but Gail said: the problem is that most passengers don't want their backs to the direction of flight. ? On military aircraft, the seating arrangement is usually backward. Gail usually sits in an empty seat opposite when traveling by train. He said:? Because in the event of a collision, the person sitting in front of me will hit me and hurt me. ?
5. Put on a cigarette holder.
If you can survive the collision, what you have to face next is fire and smoke. ? Smoke contains toxic gases, and excessive inhalation will lead to death. ? Gail will take a cigarette case when traveling, but he warned that if you want to take such an appliance, you need to learn how to use it, otherwise it will be a waste of time to wear it. When the plane lands, fire and toxic gas may quickly fill the whole cabin, so you should leave the plane from the safety exit as soon as possible after the plane stops.
6. Listen to the flight attendant's explanation
After boarding the plane, listen carefully to the flight attendant's explanation and read the safety regulations. Before the crash, according to the instructions of the flight attendant, take an anti-collision posture: the calf should be retracted as far as possible and exceed the vertical line of the knee; Keep your head as close to your knees as possible. Gary lille said: Anti-collision posture is an important way for passengers to learn, which can reduce your risk of being knocked unconscious. ?
7. Don't wear high heels and stockings when fleeing.
Pay attention to dress when flying. High heels and so on may not only hinder escape in an air crash, but also create additional dangers. High stockings will burn and spread rapidly in case of fire.
8. Take the correct posture to prevent collision.
A huge impact is often the first test for passengers. If you are unfortunate enough to encounter an air crash, you should take an anti-collision posture immediately according to the flight attendant's instructions? Shrink the calf as much as possible, exceeding the vertical line of the knee; Protect your head, lean forward and keep your head as close to your knees as possible. Experts say:? Correct anti-collision posture is an important method for passengers to learn, which can effectively reduce your risk of being knocked unconscious. ?
Understanding: Four major causes of plane crash.
There are so many reasons for the plane crash. Because this is a sophisticated means of transportation, and flying high above the ground, any link or part may have problems, which may lead to plane crash. Oil circuit, landing gear, and even an instrument circuit may cause the destruction of the aircraft. Birds in the air are also a big killer of airplanes. When the plane is moving at high speed, it is almost the same as being hit by a shell. And the airflow in the air. The seemingly calm sky is actually more terrible than the sea. The vortex of the sea can be seen at least, but the vortex of the air can't be seen at all, and the complicated and changeable weather will also bring great hidden dangers. The following is a rough classification:
1, mechanical failure
In the analysis of aircraft delays and accidents, the most common reason is mechanical failure. Common mechanical failures include landing gear failure, engine failure and abnormal instrument display. Generally, many mechanical failures can be detected before taking off, so there are few sudden mechanical failures that really appear in flight. Recently, China Southern Airlines has developed an aircraft remote diagnosis and real-time tracking system. The system can effectively improve the safety and quality of airlines and reduce mechanical failures. The system can quickly and accurately decode the relevant information of the aircraft and determine the fault code, so that the maintenance personnel can refer to the relevant chapters of the maintenance manual and determine the troubleshooting measures.
2. Bad weather
1in April, 987, a plane in China was caught in a thunderstorm somewhere in south China. Suddenly, the plane experienced a strong bump and suddenly lowered its altitude. Thanks to the calm driving of the captain, he landed safely. From the flight recorder (that is, the black box), it is found that the flight altitude of the plane drops from 1000 meters to 250 meters in 27 seconds, and the instantaneous maximum drop speed is 40 meters/second. It can be seen that thunderstorms directly endanger flight safety. Due to severe weather such as thunderstorm, thunderstorm cloud, typhoon, tornado, strong turbulence, low cloud, low visibility, runway icing, etc., it will directly threaten the aircraft structure, communication equipment and aircraft take-off and landing. In the cold northern region, the first flight in the morning is often at the airport? Frozen? It stayed all night, so the plane needs to be thawed before taking off in the morning. If the relevant personnel take off negligently without removing the thin ice, especially if there is still thin ice on the wing, the aerodynamics of the whole aircraft will be destroyed and the aircraft will crash due to lack of power. When the plane flies in the clouds below 6000 meters, the fuselage will freeze. Ice has destroyed the streamline of the fuselage and wings, making the performance of the aircraft worse, especially the propeller-driven aircraft, which is more potentially dangerous, so now half of the passenger planes are required to fly at an altitude of more than 6000 meters. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is testing a new radar system, which can identify tiny water droplets in the clouds that cause ice to help pilots avoid dangerous areas.
3. Electromagnetic interference
According to statistics, in recent years, there are more than 20 flight accidents caused by electromagnetic interference every year in the world, so many airlines in the world have stipulated that it is forbidden to use mobile phones during flight. Why is it dangerous to use mobile phone on the plane? It turns out that the navigation equipment on the plane uses electromagnetic waves to determine the direction. After receiving the electromagnetic waves continuously emitted by the ground navigation station, it can measure the exact position of the plane. When the mobile phone is working, it will radiate electromagnetic waves, which will interfere with the navigation equipment and control system on the plane, so that the automatic control equipment of the plane will receive the wrong information, make the wrong operation, cause danger and even crash the plane. In addition to mobile phones, pagers, laptops and game consoles also radiate electromagnetic waves, so these devices cannot be used on airplanes. In addition, electromagnetic waves generated by astronomical phenomena such as sunspots and northern lights will also interfere with the normal navigation of aircraft.
4. The fuel tank exploded
Since 1990, there have been three explosions of aircraft fuel tanks in the United States, the most serious of which was 1996, when a TWA Boeing 747 exploded over Long Island, new york, killing 230 people. According to analysis, the accident was mainly caused by the ignition of fuel vapor in the fuel tank by electrostatic spark. Therefore, FAA will require domestic airlines to install fuel tank safety devices on aircraft to prevent fuel tank fire and explosion accidents. The new safety device will pump nonflammable nitrogen into the fuel tank to reduce the oxygen content in the fuel vapor in the fuel tank. This device can almost completely eliminate the probability of fuel tank fire and explosion.
5. Big bird attack
1988 a Boeing 737 in Ethiopia was suddenly attacked by a big bird when it took off and climbed to 3800 meters. As a result, 85 people were killed and 2 1 person was injured. Even a bird as big as a sparrow is no less destructive to a high-speed plane than a bomb; A bird weighing about 3 kilograms can produce an impact force of 16 tons when it collides with an airplane, which is tantamount to being attacked by a missile for an airplane. If birds are sucked into the engine from the air inlet of the aircraft turbine, it will cause tens of thousands of dollars worth of damage to each blade due to distortion, even cause the engine to stop, or even catch fire because of the friction of birds in the aircraft, leading to the explosion or crash of the aircraft, resulting in a major air crash. Therefore, in order to avoid or reduce the occurrence of bird strikes, airports all over the country have taken many measures. In addition to the original methods to disperse birds simply by manual driving, warning shots, setting bird nets or fences, various advanced equipment to prevent birds from hitting birds in terms of vision, hearing and feeding habits have also come out one after another.
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