Moon Lake in Ningbo was formed in the tenth year of Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong. As wide as the full moon and as narrow as the eyebrow moon, it is called the Moon Lake. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, a "Shoushengyuan" was built on the central island of Yuehu Lake. In the second year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty, when Ceng Gong, one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", became the magistrate of Mingzhou, he wrote "You Shou Shengyuan": "One peak is natural and unrestrained, the city is shaded vertically and horizontally, and the new hall of Biwa is magnificent. The fallen flowers and Zen clothes disperse the cold, and the paper window is deep at dusk. The reclusive bird enjoys happiness in the forest, while the swallow sits in the center of the world. It should be like a white lotus fragrance meeting. Might as well carry a basket to chase. " It can be seen that at that time, the island in the middle of the lake had become a place where literati lived in seclusion and cultivated themselves.
The name "Shoushengyuan" on the island in the middle of the lake was given by the emperor, and people in the city called it "Hu Xin Temple". It was once named "Guangfu Garden in the middle of the lake" in the Song Dynasty's Four Wise Ming. According to records, in the fourth year of Jian Yan in the Southern Song Dynasty, Jin Bing broke through Mingzhou and broke into the temple in the center of Yuehu Lake. Monk Yuan sat quietly in the Buddhist temple. Nomads from the army forcibly took him and other monks to the north to build a temple. When crossing Zhenjiang, Yuan Zhao threw himself into the river. And the temple in the middle of the lake, when the nomads from the army burned most of Mingzhou, was unscathed. In the early years of Avenue, Shangshu Bird, who lives by the lake, and her two daughters took her to practice in the temple, donated 340 mu of farmland and built 340 cloisters. At that time, there were donations from the Prime Minister of Hudong, the Prime Minister of Huxi, Zhao Bogui and the royal family. So Hu Xin Temple built Shi Zhouting and Cheng Huiting, and Shang Shu Jiang Zongjian set up an academy in Hu Xin Temple.
1276, the yuan army attacked Lin' an, and then the fighters marched eastward. Mingzhou (then called Qingyuan) was once again burned and looted by the Yuan Army. Since then, in the last eight years of Yuan Dynasty, Zheng Zheng, Fang Guozhen, Huangyan, Taizhou and other places fought against Yuan Dynasty and became king after attacking Qingyuan County.
1359, Zhu Yuanzhang fought the Yuan Army, forcing Fang Guozhen to send a lot of gold and silver to Zhu Yuanzhang. After the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, Fang Guozhen surrendered to the Ming Dynasty. At this time, Qu You, a scholar in Qiantang, lived in the east of Yuehu Lake, and based on the story of the temple in the center of Yuehu Lake and its surroundings, he wrote his masterpiece Peony Lantern.
The story of peony lantern
Qu You was born in Qiantang (Hangzhou) and Zongji, whose real name was Cunzhai. He has taught in Renhe, Lin 'an and Yiyang successively, with few poems. In his later years, he was trapped by poetry and guarded the border for ten years. Peony Lantern was first published in the 11th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty. Because Qu You lives on the east bank of Yuehu Lake, he knows all about the people around Yuehu Lake. He wrote at the beginning of the story of Peony Lantern:
According to Fang's evidence, it is also in the east of Zhejiang Province. Every year on the eve of the Yuan Dynasty, in Mingzhou, lanterns are lit for five nights, and all men and women in the city are inspected. In the year of Gengzi, Sheng Qiao lived at the foot of Zhenming Mountain. When he was widowed and bored, he stopped traveling, but he just stood by the door. On the fifteenth night, towards the end of the evening, the number of tourists gradually decreased. I saw a maid, holding a double-headed peony lamp, followed by a beautiful woman, about seventeen or eighteen years old, standing gracefully in a red skirt and green sleeves, wandering west. Born under the moon, I watched, youthful, really beautiful. You can't restrain yourself from going with the flow, but go after it, either first or later. After counting ten steps, the woman suddenly turned around and whispered, "At first, there was no mulberry, but something happened under the moon, which seems to be no accident." As soon as I was born, I came forward and said, "I live close at hand. Can a beautiful woman turn back?" The woman had no difficulty, so she called the maid and said, "Jinlian, you can take the lamp with you." So Jinlian came back. Students and women go home hand in hand. They are very happy. They think that the experience of Luopu in Wushan is not too bad. When the student asked her name and address, the woman said, "The surname is Fu, and the word is Li Qing, so Fenghua Prefecture gave her a daughter. Since the death of my ancestors, I have no housework, no brothers, but I am still fresh and no longer a concubine. I have lived with Jinlian in the west ear of the lake. " Living and living, enchanting posture, charming words, low pillow, very happy. Dawn, farewell and dusk. If you look at the cave wall for half a month, you will see a pink skull sitting side by side under the lamp, which is terrible.
Seeing this, we may think of the story of "painted skin" in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. However, Sheng Qiao's story is about 300 years earlier than The Painted Skin. Neighbor Weng found a tryst with Fenghua's daughter. The next day, neighbor Weng told me that he felt guilty. At dusk, Sheng Qiao passed the Yuehu Bridge under Zhenming Ridge alone, and went to Hu Xin Temple to inquire whether there was a daughter who was sentenced by Fenghua, but she said she didn't know. Sheng Qiao and the monk turned several corridors and found a coffin in the dark room at the end. The white paper says, "So Fenghua Fuzhou sentenced her daughter Li Qing." There is a double-headed peony lamp hanging in front of the coffin. Sheng Qiao's hair stood on end with fear. He quickly escaped from the temple in the middle of the lake and stayed at the old man's house, afraid to go home. The next day, the old man told him to go to the mysterious temple in Ling to find Wei Daochang. When he met Wei Daochang, he took out the spell and put it on the door. Sure enough, they lived in peace for a few days.
A month later, Sheng Qiao will visit an old friend at Xiu Xiu Bridge on Furong Island in the West Lake. His friends invited him to drink. After drinking, he forgot the warning of Wei Daochang and went to the temple in the middle of the lake.
"Peony Lantern" continued: "When I arrived at the temple, I met the golden lotus and said,' Madam, why have you been so fickle? "He was born into the west corridor and went straight to the room. The woman is sitting now. She says,' My concubine and your husband are strangers. When I saw them under the light, I felt what your husband meant, so I took care of you all and came to see you at dusk. Why do you believe the words of the demon monk, suddenly doubt it, and then think forever? I hate you so much! I'm glad to see you today. Can I give up? Just holding a green hand, I walked to the front of the coffin. Suddenly I opened it, hugged it, and then I closed it, and I died in the coffin. "
A few days later, neighbor Weng found that he didn't come back and went to the temple in the middle of the lake. He saw Sheng Qiao's skirt exposed outside the coffin. When he opened the coffin, he saw that Sheng Qiao was dead. The monk told his neighbor Weng that the woman died at the age of 17 and her parents fled 12 years. They moved the coffin to Silverstream. It is common for Sheng Qiao and Li Qing to walk together in the dead of night and on cloudy days. The golden lotus is led by a double-headed peony lantern. The people I met were ill, so it was dead of night, and pedestrians were even more afraid to go near Hu Xin Temple.
The full text of Peony Lantern is 2300 words, concise and clear-cut, with clear pronunciation and mellow voice, which can be read in one breath.
All the Peony Lantern and Moonlit Demon.
Qu Zuo's Peony Lantern was first published in the thirty years of Hongwu and widely circulated in Ningbo.
In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, all famous historians were born by the West Lake. He not only heard the story of peony lanterns many times since he was a child, but also saw the peony lanterns in Qu You. He said in the poem "Zhuzhi Ci of Shuanghu Lake": "At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, Er Gongdao was a female rice monk of Yuan family. If you fall in love deeper, you may encounter peony lanterns in the middle of the lake. " But the "Yuan Jia Nv" mentioned in the poem, that is, the two daughters of Yuan Shangshu in the Southern Song Dynasty, should be the prototype of Fu and Jinlian. When Xu compiled Notes on Siming Tan, Qu You's Peony Lantern was officially included, with 660 words, which was close to a quarter of Qu You's original text. This abbreviation omits many details, so it is not as beautiful and rich as the original.
With the change of dynasties and historical changes, Ningbo people finally gradually forgot the story of Hu Xin Temple and Peony Lantern. Officials and scribes on the west bank of Yuehu Lake built mansions and bookstores here in succession, and the long embankment where Sheng Qiao and Li Qing met gradually became Yuehu Street and Yanyue Street. The ridge of Zhenming gradually became a flat slope. Master Wei's metaphysical view was built in the second year of Tang Tianbao. Its predecessor was the imperial edict that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty built "Purple Palace" in various counties. The site is located in the northwest of Tianyi Square in this city. It was renamed Xuanmiao Temple in the 29th year of Yuan Dynasty, and Xu Chong Temple in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Later, only Sanguan Hall and Tan Xuan Hall were adjacent to Yao Huang Hall. The embroidered bridge in Peony Flower Lantern was originally located in the northern part of the prime minister's history of the Southern Song Dynasty, and was later called Slow Belt Bridge, Narcissus Temple Bridge and Hongqiao. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the bridge was abandoned as Yanyue Street. The Hu Xin Temple, where the peony lantern story mainly happened, didn't move out until 1999, and the guild hall was changed to Yuehu Guild Hall. In addition, according to Hong, an expert on cultural relics protection, the evil white pagoda of Chengxi Bridge was demolished when 1953 was sweeping the grave. However, Yuehu Bridge and Liuting Bridge on Yuehu Lake still maintain their original appearance and become cultural relics handed down through the ages.
"Peony Lantern" spread overseas.
"Peony Flower Lantern" was engraved in the early 30 th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty and reprinted in the tenth year of Yongle. However, under the shackles of feudal etiquette in the old society, peony lanterns seem to be suspected of "whitewashing the feelings of the boudoir and rhetoric", which was criticized by feudal literati. In the seventh year of the Ming Dynasty, Li Shimin and others asked the court to forbid it. However, in the fifty-six years of Chenghua Dinghai, Qing Qianlong and Tongzhi ten years, there were re-engravings, but they were all incomplete, and now only the Ming engraved version is left.
Peony lanterns were neglected in China, but they traveled across the ocean to North Korea and Japan. According to records, during the period of Changqing and Yuanhe, there was Chinese movable type printing in Japan.
Zhou Lin, a Zen master in Kyoto, was the first Japanese to print peony lanterns. During the astronomical years in Japan, he translated it into Japanese and wrote "Shipboard" in the preface.
Since then, the content of peony lanterns has gradually become Japanese. For example, in Japan, the Chinese word "peony lantern" was rewritten as "peony lantern". The main idea of the story is that in the seventh year of Japanese astronomy, Tsuhara Seiichi was widowed in Kyoto. On the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival (the 15th day of the seventh lunar month), I saw a girl pick a peony lantern to guide a beautiful woman who was only 20 years old. What happened next was basically the same as the China version, but they all used Japanese customs and place names. Mr. Yoichi Suzuki of Japan wrote in 1996's Essays on Sino-Japanese Culture: "Now, for ordinary Japanese, the story content and title of China's classical Chinese novels are basically unfamiliar. Despite this, some works are exceptions, especially the story content of the short story "Peony Lantern", which people are familiar with and love very much. "
The Story of Peony Lantern spread from Ningbo to Japan and also to North Korea in the Ming Dynasty, and Sisup Kim, a Korean, compiled the story into Jin Bie Shi Hua and published it.
At the end of the Edo period in Japan, Yuan Chao, a famous Japanese folk rapper, compiled this story into a folk performance program like "Tell the News" and "Tell the Martial Arts Book" by Ningbo people, that is, a rap and speech performed by one person. 1883, the creaking sound of imitation clogs was added to the performances of the Yuan Dynasty, which made more Japanese people tell each other and never tire of listening (see).
After entering the 20th century, Japan's Peony Lantern was adapted into movies, kabuki and TV series by Sakura Fukuda and Sanchahe, a kabuki master. The footsteps of clogs created by Yuan Zaju and the lovely image of female ghosts touched countless Japanese audiences in front of the screen. The Peony Lantern, performed in the Yuan Dynasty, was later published as a shorthand reading and serialized in newspapers and periodicals.
Peony lanterns reappeared in China after entering the Republic of China. 19 17, China bookseller Dong Kang's "Reading Room" was reprinted according to the Japanese library. 1957, Shanghai Classical Literature Publishing House published a proofreading edition printed by Zhou Lengga according to Dong Shi's engraving. 198 1 After the reform and opening up, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House republished it according to 1957. 1994, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House published a vernacular translation of Peony Lantern. Mr. Ma Xingguo, a famous professor at Zhejiang University, said: "The Peony Pavilion is a continuation of the legend of Tang and Song Dynasties and a precedent of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, which has played a connecting role in the development history of China's legendary novels. After it was spread to Japan, it also played a great role in promoting the development of Japanese legendary literature. "
1997 and 1998, Mr Ichiro Yamashita, a professor at Riju University in Kanagawa, Japan, visited Ningbo twice. Looking for the historical materials of "Peony Lantern in Hu Xin Temple" mentioned in his teaching and research of "History of Ancient Literature and Novels in China".
In September, 2000, Mr. Uchiyama and his son in Yokohama, Japan visited the peony lantern ruins around Yuehu Lake.
In recent years, when investigating intangible cultural heritage projects, Hu Xin Temple and Peony Lantern once again attracted the attention of experts and scholars. The story of Ningbo Peony Lantern and its influence are not only expressed in oral culture, but also contain rich literary works, opera aria and historical and cultural remains of the place where the story is passed down, and its influence involves the cultural history of China and the history of overseas cultural exchanges. Therefore, the peony lantern and its extensive cultural inheritance and protection need the extensive participation of more enthusiastic people and cultural circles.