Social peace has always been a university question, and its importance can even be as important as life problems. Whether life is for happiness or liberation or for human development, human beings need a peaceful environment. Since the beginning of human history, the Chinese nation alone has a civilization history of at least 5,000 years. If we can always ensure social peace, solve contradictions harmoniously and develop production together from now on, then we humans have already entered a communist society. No matter what political system, our material civilization and spiritual civilization are bound to be extremely rich.
However, look back at the history of mankind and the history of the Chinese nation. The problem of peace seems to have never been solved, only a short break and staged prosperity. Wars always happen from time to time, and the longest time is hundreds of years: in a few years, wars will break out. Moreover, in the event of great turmoil, the prosperity that has been deposited for hundreds of years can be wiped out in a few days, and the people will face the ravages of war: poverty, hunger, cold and even death. Think about the last war of the Chinese nation for decades. It seems that there are wars of all sizes all over the world every day. It's really worrying
Everyone seems to know that war is not a good thing, whether it is victory or failure, it is a disaster for themselves and mankind. So what is the root of the war? Can human beings solve this problem forever?
In China more than 2000 years ago, there was a man named Confucius. He was very sad when he saw wars and people suffering in various countries. He has been thinking about how to achieve peace.
He found that both wars between countries and contradictions between people are selfish, and each side only thinks about its own interests, regardless of others, and refuses to make concessions, so wars and conflicts have occurred. Of course, there is also a just war, but it is also because of the greed of one side.
Therefore, if we want to solve the war problem, we must proceed from the people's hearts. So he put forward an idea called "benevolence". What is "benevolence"? That is, a person should have a kind heart and behave. He should consider not only his own interests, but also the interests of others. Don't impose what he doesn't want on others. Treat others with tolerance, understanding and humility. And regard it as a virtue. As long as everyone has a "caring" heart, social problems can be solved.
Moreover, in order to make everyone kind, he also planned an ideal social blueprint for the society at that time: a social order in which the father is kind, the son is filial, the brother is kind, the younger brother is kind, the husband is righteous, the woman is obedient, the young is obedient, the gentleman is kind and the minister is loyal. This is a social order with filial piety as the core, loyalty as the core, and friendship as the core. He called this social order "ceremony".
So he traveled around the world with "benevolence" and "courtesy" to preach enlightenment. . . . . .
one
Benevolence is the need of human nature, family relationship and social relationship.
It seems that it is not easy for everyone to have a kind heart, but why did Confucius insist on preaching kindness? Because Confucius saw that the idea of benevolence originated from the nature of human nature, which is the need of human survival and development and conforms to everyone's fundamental interests. He knows that things that violate the laws of nature can't be forced, and Ren's thoughts are in line with the laws of nature. If it conforms to the laws of nature, it will be accepted by the public.
Kindness comes from human nature.
When we were born, we began to get in touch with the idea of kindness. That kind of love comes from our parents, which is the love of blood relationship, the love of human nature and the love of animal instinct. Like a bird sitting on an egg, an old calf. Parents' love for their children is sincere, selfless and unrequited, and it is a kinship that money can't buy. This kind of love is also benevolence, which is generally called goodness. Calling children to love their parents, one is also out of family love, and the other is out of kindness, caring love and nurturing grace to their parents. Either way, it is called benevolence. It and kindness are the core of benevolence, which is different from the benevolence of brothers and friends and gives it a special name "filial piety". If animals are fed back by crows, we humans should respect our parents and have the obligation to support them. Because our parents' greatest kindness (benefits) to us is (almost) more than you have ever met, and you have never met anyone. They gave us life and body, raised us from an ignorant and incompetent animal to a person with social skills, and finally took charge of our own lives.
Therefore, the love between parents and children is the purest and most sincere love among kindheartedness, which is unprofitable. It is the core of kindness, especially the love of parents for their children.
Benevolence is the need of family.
When a person is born, the first contact is the family; People's life needs to grow up in family life for a long time; First of all, family members, mainly brothers and sisters, are related by blood, that is, blood is thicker than water, and it is natural to care for each other. This kind of love is based on animal instinct and blood relationship, and to a great extent, it is also regardless of interests (just like the love between parents and children, but it is generally believed that the love between parents and children is the most sincere). However, brothers and sisters who are not related by blood can also be related. For example, some families have stepfathers (or stepmother) and other different situations.
And there are only a few family members, so the relationship between them is highly close, because we live together every day: eating, sleeping, communicating and studying. Every two people have a close relationship and a story. For friends outside the family, it is selective communication, sometimes they rarely meet each other, and the relationship between them will not be as close as that of the family. Therefore, we must have a good relationship with our families in order to make our family life better. Because the relationship is mutual: you are good to me, I can be good to you, you are bad to me, and it is difficult for me to be good to you all the time, so being good to my brothers and sisters is good to myself. This is also the result of a long-term game. Moreover, family members share the same family direction and interests, sharing laughter, risks and difficulties. So family members are "comrades-in-arms". This relationship is out of "profit", the interests of survival and development.
After marriage, in addition to the relationship between parents and brothers, the closest relationship with yourself is your lover. He (she) is even closer to himself than his brother. Although he (she) has no innate blood relationship with himself, his (her) relationship with himself is really good, even good enough to regard him (her) as a confidant, so he (she) is called his other half. Caring for each other is also sincere, which is the power of love. This kind of love is also a kind of benevolence and a natural expression of love.
The reason why the relationship between husband and wife is so good is also determined by the family relationship between two people, because the other party and you have a common family, share family responsibilities, run the whole family together, have common children and have common goals and interests. And he (she) is a person who eats, sleeps, entertains, helps and accompanies you all your life. If you have a bad relationship with him (her), you will be indifferent and silent every day, even violent, and life will definitely be unhappy. This relationship also determines that you must care about each other, in exchange for each other's care, in order to snuggle up and live happily. This concern is also a kind of goodwill, out of "profit"
Moreover, the affection between men and women is also human nature, and marriage is also human need. The need of human development and reproduction is a kind of desire and also out of "profit".
On the basis of love, there are indirect family ties, such as having a common child. This kind of mutual care (benevolence) has elements of love and affection, and it is also beneficial. And there is kindness between husband and wife.
Family is a small society and the basic unit of society. Based on the kinship and interests of family members, the degree of kindness among family members should be the highest and purest in society.
Benevolence is the need of social relations.
Maybe you will ask, the blood relationship between family members is very close, but there is no blood relationship between social members, and their relationship is not so close, so the level of love between social members is not so high, right?
Yes, the level of benevolence and righteousness of social members is really not high, and sometimes there will be things that deviate from benevolence and morality. But everyone's development space is not limited to family, but also needs social interaction to earn material survival materials, study, entertainment and so on. As long as you are in contact for a long time, there will be kindness. Because the communication between members of society pays the most attention to "faith", that is, sincerity and no deception. Of course, it is undeniable that there is real goodwill, but this seems to be the result of a long-term game.
For example, if you sell rice, people will buy 100 kg of rice and weigh it at home, only 80 kg. Well, even if people don't come to you, they won't come back to buy it next time. At this rate, they are bound to suffer. Therefore, if you want to develop in society for a long time, you must pay attention to honesty. Confucius said, "People can't stand without faith". Honesty is also a manifestation of benevolence and righteousness, and not denying it is also out of personal moral cultivation; But it is more profitable when the overall moral level of society is not high. However, the relationship between social members is not so simple, and there may be complex interests and emotional entanglements between them, but that does not change the role of "trust", which is still the basis of communication among social members.
Whether it is family or society, the thought of benevolence and righteousness is the need of human nature and human development, so it is easy to win the support of the public, especially in the war years, people are more eager for a monarch who loves the people and a loving society, so that the people can be cared for and the society can be peaceful. And "ceremony" is also a kind of social order conceived around benevolence and in line with the social system at that time, so the idea of ceremony is also very popular with the public. It is also quite popular. Gradually, the benevolent atmosphere in society is still very popular. No matter from ordinary people to vassal families, if there is unfilial and unjust behavior, it will definitely be spurned by everyone.
However, this idea is only popular among the people, but it is not welcomed by the government. For the sake of internal stability and harmonious social relations, it can be accepted by the government, but it cannot be the government-led concept of governing the people, because this is a special environment: the countries are not unified and chaotic with each other.
two
Confucian political love-keeping pace with the times.
At first, Confucius saw that there were frequent wars between countries at that time, and people either died or starved. Therefore, he traveled around the world, mainly to publicize the idea of benevolent government to governments around the world, to treat domestic taxes lightly, to reduce taxes and fees, to develop production, and to make people rich and warm; Don't fight unnecessary wars abroad. This is benevolence. In this way, our country and other countries will be harmonious and rich, and the people will live and work in peace and contentment.
But at that time, all countries were eyeing up, and no one dared to implement benevolent policies. Because a country's main tasks are two: production and military. And these two tasks are contradictory: because human and financial resources are limited. Developing production means neglecting labor, reducing taxes and fees, reducing the number of troops, reducing military spending and weakening the army; Developing the army means fewer farmers, more exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees, and the people will be poor. Benevolence means that military strength will be weakened, so there is a danger of being swallowed up by a strong enemy. They all regard each other as tigers and wolves, and no one dares to relax their morale. In this way, countries with insufficient production and strong military strength are doomed to be a mode of killing each other. The wealth that countries compete for is nothing more than land and population.
Imagine that if there is a strong government among countries to implement benevolent policies, whoever has an unjust war will send troops to attack, which will definitely make countries afraid to invade each other and develop production with peace of mind. However, at that time, Zhou Tianzi was just a hollow name, without strength and appeal, which led to the struggle for the king.
Then some people will ask, wasn't the week before the Spring and Autumn Period very stable? Why not now? There are two reasons:
At the beginning of the founding of Zhou Jian, the system of enfeoffment was implemented. Both Wang Xing and the hero were enfeoffed. They were either related by blood or were active officials. The relationship between these two countries is very close. Moreover, at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the official ideology was courtesy, depending on how talented and virtuous the Duke of Zhou was, and finally he helped him to be king, but he refused to be king himself. So, who dares to exceed his statecraft?
At the beginning of Zhou Jian's establishment, the land was vast and the population was sparse. There are many princes, and the son of heaven is the only one. Countries' own manpower is not enough to develop production, where will they compete with others for land and population? The transportation is inconvenient and countries are alienated; Besides, Zhou has the ability to cut down unjust countries.
About 400 years later, the vassal States also had a large population, cultivated land and became powerful in succession; Gradually free from the constraints of the Zhou emperor, there were also five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period, and the emperor was nominal.
After the vassal States became powerful, they began to gluttonous for each other's land people, relying on the strong to bully the weak, and gradually formed the trend of the law of the jungle. Even if you don't invade others yourself, others will be eyeing you.
In this way, the state only emphasizes military strength, regardless of the wealth of the people; Everyone wants to cut outside and not focus on production. Moreover, Confucius did not seem to talk about how to enrich the people and reform the land system at the same time in Qiang Bing; So at that time, countries attached importance to legalists, not only to reward military achievements, but also to reform the land system and improve productivity.
Confucianism seems to have no substantial effect on enriching the country and strengthening the army, but its ceremony is very useful for regulating the internal relations of the feudal system.
Finally, Confucius had to give lectures and improve his "benevolence, righteousness, propriety and righteousness", waiting to be used by the country one day. Seems to be waiting for that era of unity.
three
Confucian political love-many beautiful things and brilliant wishes.
Finally, the era of unification has arrived. 22 1 year, Qin Shihuang swept Liuhe, and the world was unified. In order to consolidate the rule, we should not repeat the mistakes of the Zhou emperor, abolish the enfeoffment system and implement the county system; Economically, unified measurement; Cultural cars are on the same track, and so are books; Military monopoly of imperial power; Obviously, it depends on the French again.
But at this time, Confucianism has been highly valued, and he also participated in national political discussions to standardize the court etiquette system. Set up doctoral officers in North Korea, such as Shu and others.
Although there is a history of burning books and burying Confucianism, it is also controversial. Some people say that the six classics of burning books are still there, and Confucian scholars are still officials. This matter has been exaggerated.
Because in the early Qin Dynasty, in order to unify the country, Legalists were certainly highly valued, and there were foreign enemies-Xiongnu, so we should strengthen our armaments. The resisted Huns and the Great Wall built by the Qin Dynasty were all for fun, but because Qin Shihuang was eager for quick success and instant benefit, he practiced tyranny and drove the people to revolt, and the world was in chaos. In the end, Chu and Han contended, and Liu Bang won the world.
At this time, people's livelihood is dying and everything has to be done; Moreover, the foreign enemy Xiongnu was stopped by Meng Tian, and its strength was weak; At this time, the Han dynasty also compromised the Huns and implemented a pro-DPRK policy in exchange for the harmony of the border.
Confucianism has further developed, although the official practice of Huang Lao's study at this time is mainly for the sake of economy and production development; The system of selecting officials in Han Dynasty is inspection, that is, advocating filial piety, which shows that the government attaches importance to morality. The second is the Ming Classics, which is to test Confucian classics. It can be seen that the Confucian thought of governing the country with benevolence, righteousness and courtesy is gradually recognized by the official school. At this time, we can also see the consistency between Confucian thought of loving the people and Huang Lao's thought of inaction.
By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, unprecedented glory had begun. When the country is strong, it is necessary to strengthen construction, material and military aspects. The study of Huang Lao declined and Confucianism strengthened. In A.D., Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty ousted hundreds of schools and respected Confucianism alone. An unprecedented Confucian revolution began.
Politically, Confucian classics are regarded as official studies, and Confucian scholars are selected; Establish official schools and develop Confucian education.
Since then, Han has been a great man for hundreds of years, laying the foundation of official Confucianism for thousands of years.
Confucius' way of benevolence and righteousness can finally be used by officials and benefit the people.
However, even the best Confucianism has its shortcomings. He can only influence the people from benevolence, righteousness and morality, and bind them with benevolence, righteousness and shame, which is far from enough. Law is also an indispensable means. Therefore, for thousands of years, China's thought of governing the country is to learn from Confucianism outside and learn from law inside.
four
The value of Confucianism itself
1, which can make up for the shortage of legalists.
As a government, it must have an official moral values, otherwise it will not be able to establish the image of the government, control people's thoughts and regulate people's behavior. Confucianism, on the other hand, is ready-made, complete, good, popular and traditional moral values. It is the basis of legislation, in order to improve people's moral quality, let people abide by morality from the heart, so as to cultivate their own behavior; Therefore, it plays a very important role in coordinating internal social relations and resolving social contradictions.
2. Cooperate with the government.
The social order established by the thought of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and righteousness serves the autocratic monarchy. It puts the monarch in the supreme position and emphasizes respecting the old and loving the young, which is supported by leaders at all levels and plays a huge role in maintaining the patriarchal society.
3. Suitable for people.
Confucianism emphasizes loving the people and opposing tyranny. This also won the support of the people and became the reason for the people to resist the ruling class. If you have no choice, you can overthrow him.
To a certain extent, it has also become a cloak for the ruling class to love the people, extract people's interests and paralyze the people. Throughout the ages, it is not uncommon. Morality is used to educate people, but sometimes it can't educate itself. Officials hang a mirror on their heads and take bribes in private to bend the law; Governing the country by reason and morality actually safeguards the interests of the ruling class.
Confucian view of happiness.
Confucius emphasized that happiness lies not in the external material quantity, but in the inner satisfaction, and emphasized the happiness of poverty. For example, Confucius praised Yan Hui: When you return to a virtuous place, you can eat and drink. In a mean alley, people are worried if they can't bear it, and they don't change their fun when they return. Emphasize that the fundamental purpose of life is self-cultivation; After that, it is to establish merit.
This shows that the purpose of life is to pursue the happiness of benevolence. He found the pursuit of life for a gentleman, and then put forward courtesy, justice and honesty, and became an example for society.
This ultimate concern close to religion plays a very important role in alleviating social contradictions, improving people's moral level and cultivating good social atmosphere.
Confucianism emphasizes spiritual cultivation and ignores the pursuit of material things, which makes the Chinese nation very expert in culture, but not in science and technology (some) and force; For example, China people can learn and understand metaphysics such as Zhouyi, Daodejing, Qimen Dunjia, and play Zen. For foreign iron horse machetes, it is a loss to build a strong ship and sharpen guns.
Keep pace with the times and keep innovating.
Confucianism is not immutable. It also keeps pace with the times. In fact, as a ruling tool of the government, it can only be used selectively.
For example, after experiencing metaphysics, Neo-Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism, he absorbed Buddhism and Taoism. Inherit and develop and use it by the ruling class.
Therefore, Confucianism is deeply rooted in the blood of the Chinese nation, scouring the nation's morality and soul, and blending into all aspects of people's lives: customs, culture, politics ... and becoming a powerful force for the survival and development of the Chinese nation.
Learning and education spirit.
Confucianism has always attached importance to education, and this educational spirit is equal and universal. Confucius said that as long as you bring me tuition and ask me for advice, I won't teach, breaking the situation of monopoly education; In addition, Confucius' spirit of "learning to be an excellent official" and his conscientious spirit of "teaching others tirelessly" have been vividly and affectionately infecting future generations.
Moreover, what I admire most in Confucius' spirit of studying is the idea of seeking truth from facts, such as "knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing", how to stand without suffering. Indifferent teaching is a concrete analysis of specific problems; Isn't it just to follow the law, grasp the law, and apply the law of "a little reluctance leads to great planning", "no anger leads to resentment, no hair leads to self-sufficiency" and "if you want to do a good job, you must first sharpen your tools"? If so, wait, let me think that Marx is in China.
Moreover, Confucius' golden mean, combining rigidity with softness, and advancing and retreating moderately, is the best way to treat others.
Until today, it is still shining, which has benefited everyone and can be used for reference.
Of course, truth has no national boundaries, and truth is always around everyone, regardless of time; Both of them are universal truths of human beings, with different names and the same way. (refers to their bright spots, except their defects)
five
The fundamental motive force of Buddhist thought
Confucianism regards morality as the highest pursuit of life, retiring and cultivating oneself, and advancing and benefiting the people. However, the binding force of morality on people is weak after all, and it cannot make most people believe in morality from the heart, because morality does not link people's fundamental interests with it forever. Instead, morality has become a tool for people to tap their interests: when necessary, I will be benevolent; Leave it behind when you don't need it. If you want to be a century-old enterprise, no matter what kind of boss, you will put the reputation of the enterprise first, attach importance to quality and service; If it is a one-time transaction, it is often willing to be abducted, and then no one can be found.
We don't deny that some people regard morality as a belief and cherish it all the time, but that can only be a small number of people; We don't deny it, but a few people have no conscience at all, lose their temper with others and are extremely selfish; But most people are still in the middle reaches, even in the middle and lower reaches, especially in a poor society.
Based on the belief between societies, the state emphasizes the courtesy, justice, honesty and shame and the protection of the law. Most people don't openly do immoral things because of the punishment of public opinion and law, but in the absence of supervision, human nature is often ugly. In society, it is not uncommon to steal chickens, steal dogs, confuse the genuine with the genuine in shopping malls, and take bribes in officialdom. Even deputies to the National People's Congress and senior officials of the DPRK and China are riddled with scandals. This is enough to see the cowardice and hypocrisy of morality. Often, many people always put on the cloak of morality and do things worse than pigs and dogs. We can't say that good people haven't done bad things, and bad people have no conscience. However, under the temptation of interests and the threat of difficulties, people with insufficient moral literacy often can't hold it, get caught up in it and even take pleasure in it. We are not asking moral people not to make any mistakes. At least a kind-hearted person won't do anything too immoral. If it causes disharmony and forgiveness to other people's society, even if he does a lot of good things, it will appear false. Because people can't read his mind. People in China often don't pay attention to results, but care about ulterior motives.
However, looking back at the past history, I can't help but express a feeling: if you are not a real gentleman, which one will be cautious.
But why are the Confucian values of loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and righteousness deeply rooted in the Chinese nation? I think this has an undeniable relationship with the descendants of Buddhism.
Buddhism was introduced into China in the Western Han Dynasty, and was welcomed by the government in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Buddhism can be said to be the largest religion in China, because I think Confucianism is not a religion, and the influence of Taoism is not as profound and extensive as Buddhism.
Buddhism is very popular among the people in China, and it has been defined as the "state religion" by the government for many times. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a grand occasion of "Amitabha Buddha in every family, Guanyin in every household", and in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was also a scene of "480 halls in the Southern Tang Dynasty, with many pagodas in misty rain". With the support of successive governments and the efforts of eminent monks and great virtues, Buddhism has blossomed everywhere in China and developed various sects, such as Tiantai Sect, Pure Land Sect, Fazong Sect and profound Zen Sect. Moreover, Tibetan Buddhism and Han Buddhism have different landscapes. Now Buddhism is as deeply rooted in people's hearts as Confucianism, although sometimes you don't think so.
The biggest influence of Buddhism on Confucianism is the six divisions of causality, karma and the wheel of bliss.
First of all, Buddhism solved the problem of China people's outlook on life and death. Without Buddhism, China is a country lacking religious belief. Confucianism only says that people should be content with poverty and be happy, and that it is noble and happy to cultivate self-cultivation and reach the realm of benevolence, otherwise it is shameful and rarely talks about death; Taoists use alchemy to achieve the goal of immortality, but it is quite difficult, the success rate is quite low, and life is in danger.
Only Buddhists really and thoroughly talked about the coming and going of life. Buddhism recognizes that there is heaven and hell, people have souls, and souls do not die; People's afterlife and this life are all inspired by their own good and evil behaviors; Doing good is to enjoy going to heaven, and doing bad is to suffer in hell; Life is about paying off debts and living (you owe others, others owe you); Karma is not happy at all; If you want to be free forever, you have to practice, live in the western paradise, or become a Buddha.
First of all, Buddhism has solved the problem of life and death, acknowledging that the soul is immortal and people will no longer die in terror; Moreover, people's fundamental interests and morality are tied together, that is, life and good and evil; You can be immoral and do harm to others, but you have to pay back all this. If you don't work for others in the next life, you will have to go to hell to suffer. Moreover, heaven and hell are the fundamental driving force for people to do good, and everyone wants to seek happiness and avoid evil, which are all caused by themselves; Only in this way can people take morality as their fundamental interest, do good for happiness, and take soul freedom (or ascension) as their life purpose; Only in this way can we learn selflessness, tolerance, tolerance and harmony; Always take care of your heart, not be tempted by material desires, and stand the secular postgraduate entrance examination. In this way, society will naturally not have so much sin and pain. People will also become happy and safe.
Therefore, Buddhism has the most profound explanation of morality. Confucianism and Taoism only say so, and Buddhism tells us why. Only by knowing why can we have the motivation to do it. If there is no cause and effect, to seek the liberation of life, everyone puts the interests of the world first, no matter what happens after death; Even if there are real gentlemen, most sentient beings who are not yet self-disciplined will inevitably commit crimes.
Judging from the development of Buddhism, this karma has been recognized by the Chinese nation.
After the introduction of Buddhism, it was once resisted by Confucianism, but it was still in line with Confucianism on the whole. Confucianism stresses benevolence and Buddhism stresses compassion; Confucianism stresses tolerance, Buddhism stresses tolerance; Confucianism stresses peace, poverty and happiness, while Buddhism stresses freedom along with fate; Confucianism stresses honesty and Buddhism stresses sincerity; Confucianism stresses helping more, while Buddhism stresses giving. . . . . . They are all ways to cultivate self-cultivation and raise sexual happiness. There is no conflict in the original meaning. Moreover, the happiness view of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism is spiritual satisfaction and happiness, not the pursuit of material desires.
And Buddhism and Taoism are also very compatible. Taoists talk about inaction without desire, while Buddhists talk about empty talk, which seems to be saying the same thing.
As the ruling tool of the government, why didn't Buddhism replace Confucianism?
Morally speaking, Buddhism is more thorough than Confucianism; Moreover, there are many Buddhist practices and they are very popular among the people. But Buddhism mainly focuses on the practice of the world and never talks about politics, which may be one of the reasons why the government likes it; Confucianism has a complete set of thoughts on governing the country: the monarch governs the country by virtue and implements benevolent government; A courtier who is good at learning is an official who is loyal to the country. Moreover, Confucianism is also very complete in regulating family and social etiquette; Moreover, Confucianism had a foundation and tradition before Buddhism was carried forward, so it has always been the official consciousness in general, although it was replaced by Buddhism in the middle. In addition, Confucianism is constantly improving, learning from Buddhism and catering to rulers and people. What do you know about Buddhism? Such as neo-Confucianism and psychology, what is philosophy? God bless. What is a heart? Conscience. The idea of karma is everywhere.
Although Confucianism is the official ideology, causal thought is indeed the moral foundation of the Chinese nation, and natural conscience is proof; You can say that you don't believe in religion in China, but if you don't have a conscience, you will definitely be despised.
Some people may ask, aren't Buddhist karma, heaven and hell, and bliss all superstitions? Who would believe it? I haven't seen it. I want to say that practice is the only criterion for testing truth, and only by seeking truth from facts can we assert everything. The more science develops, the more human beings feel that they know too little; The more you study, the more you feel that the universe is awesome; The cause and effect of Buddhism cannot be inferred and denied. There are many incredible things that take us to investigate and study, just like what happened to the relic? History is an unfounded legend? Those mysterious areas of the earth. . . . . . We should all explore with awe.
Confucianism is like a moral sword, a sharp weapon to rule the world; Causal thought is like the hand holding a sword, which is the driving force for the sword to play its role; Confucianism is a spring, Buddhism is a clear spring, which gives it infinite power to moisten the earth; Confucianism is a moral boat, which is endowed with wings by causal thought and carries the moral flight of the Chinese nation.
abstract
Confucianism, rooted in the Chinese nation, is universal and eternal based on truth, and benevolence is an indispensable sunshine for human beings. Man is a sentient and thoughtful life, and the purpose of life is to pursue spiritual happiness and liberation; After all, material desires are things outside the body, which can be used by the heart and cannot be exhausted by the heart; Sin is the devil of the soul, kindness is the angel of the soul, and conscience is the true nature of human beings. Without conscience, you can't feel the warmth of life and the great love of the world.
Moreover, the greatest strength of moral conscience, Mencius said that "those who win the hearts of the people win the world" and Mao Zedong said that "spiritual atomic bomb", no force can make people yield, only moral conscience can convince people, and never back down can unite people and fight fearlessly for the truth.
Without morality, you may get short-term benefits, but it will never last long. A nation without morality will not last long. Only a moral nation can unite and benefit each other, develop and have a future.
Peaches and plums speak for themselves, and truth flows slowly like a long river. Moral conscience is the need and fundamental interest of human survival and development.