Gu once said: "Tea drinking began after Qin people took Shu." He believed that tea drinking began after Qin unified Bashu, and affirmed that tea culture in China and even the world was originally developed in Bashu. This statement has been recognized by most scholars.
Tea ceremony is a way to appreciate the beauty of tea.
Tea ceremony is also considered as a life art of making tea and drinking tea, a life etiquette with tea as the medium, and a life style of self-cultivation with tea.
It is a very beneficial beauty ceremony to make tea, taste tea, smell tea, drink tea, enhance friendship, please Xiu De, learn etiquette and appreciate traditional virtues. Drinking tea can calm the mind, help to cultivate sentiment and eliminate distractions.
Tea ceremony spirit is the core of tea culture. Tea ceremony is known as the embodiment of Taoism.
Tea ceremony originated in China, and was introduced to Japan and Korea in the Southern Song Dynasty, and then to the West.
origin
Tea ceremony originated in China. At least before or during the Tang Dynasty, people in China first regarded tea as a way to cultivate one's morality. In the "Feng Ji" in the Tang Dynasty, there is such a record: "The tea ceremony is so prosperous that all princes and ministers drink it." Tea drinking, tea drinking and other tea ceremonies are widely circulated and all the rage. There are no princes and nobles who don't drink tea. This is the earliest record of tea ceremony in existing literature. It can be seen that the earliest and most perfect tea ceremony technology is the fried tea ceremony initiated by Lu Yu in the Tang Dynasty. Lu Wen vividly described the elegant atmosphere of tea banquet and the wonderful charm of tea tasting in the preface to the tea banquet on March 3.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, people were very particular about the environment, etiquette and operation of drinking tea. With some established rules and ceremonies, tea banquets are divided into palace tea banquets, temple tea banquets and literati tea banquets. I also have a deep understanding of the self-cultivation function of tea.
Song Huizong Evonne is a tea lover. He thinks that the fragrant taste of tea can make people carefree, quiet and interesting: "If tea is a thing, it is good at the delicious taste of the people, the spirit of Zhongshan, the spirit of Sichuan, and the clarity and harmony, it is not known to young people." The lotus is carefree and clean, and the rhyme is high and quiet ... "
In the second year of Shaoxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 19 1), Japanese monk Rong Xi brought tea varieties back to Japan from China, and Japan began to grow tea everywhere. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1259), Zen Master Zhaoming from Nanpu, Japan, came to Jingshan Temple in Yuhang County, Zhejiang Province, China to learn Buddhist scriptures, and exchanged tea banquet schedules in the temple, introducing China's tea ceremony to Japan for the first time, becoming the earliest disseminator of China's tea ceremony in Japan. Japan's "Research on Famous Objects" clearly records this: "Since the tea ceremony, Nanpu Zhaoming, the first mountain of Chongfu Temple built by Zheng Yuan, was introduced from Song Dynasty." Japan's "Biography of Monks" also records that "Nanpu Zhaoming returned from the Song Dynasty and brought tea tables and tea props to Chongfu Temple".
It was not until Toyotomi Hideyoshi's time (A.D. 1536 ~ 1598, which was equivalent to the middle and late Ming Dynasty in China) that Reifu Morino became a monk of Japanese tea ceremony, and he held high the banner of "tea ceremony" and summed up four principles of tea ceremony according to the Book of Songs: "harmony, respect, purity and silence". Obviously, this basic theory is influenced by the essence of China Tea Ceremony.
The tea ceremony in China appeared very early, but it is a pity that although China put forward the concept of "tea ceremony" very early, and made constant practice and exploration in this respect, he failed to develop this cause in the name of "tea ceremony" with a clear-cut flag, nor did he standardize the traditional tea ceremony etiquette. China's tea ceremony can be said that the spirit is greater than the form. Some scholars believe that the necessary ceremony is more important for the flag of "tea ceremony". Without ceremony, people claim to have a "tea ceremony". Although we can't say that there is no tea, we can praise it. It seems to be generalized and eventually it will be "authentic".
Making tea is a very simple thing, so simple that only two actions are needed: putting tea leaves and pouring water. However, in the tea ceremony, that set of ceremonies is too complicated or too particular, and the average person will certainly not make such a trivial matter so complicated.
In fact, China Tea Ceremony is not only satisfied with the invention of self-cultivation with tea and the standardization of ceremonies, but also dares to explore the true meaning of tea to human health, and creatively combines tea with natural raw materials such as Chinese medicine, which greatly enhances the role of tea in medical care and obtains greater development space. This is the most practical aspect of China Tea Ceremony, and it is also the charm that people have been paying attention to and loving for thousands of years. [2]?
The way of drinking tea and soup in the Tang Dynasty is completely different from our concept today. In the Tang Dynasty, tea cakes were chopped and ground into powder, and passed through the "Luo", which was a sieve. Tea Luo is a kind of tea set specially used for screening tea powder. After adding boiling water, boil it into paste, and add salt, onion, ginger, dried tangerine peel, mint, etc. It's all added, similar to a terrible "Hu spicy soup" It is no wonder that this kind of "tea soup", which smells completely strange and makes people difficult to swallow, can refresh their minds and keep them awake after drinking.
The tea ceremony in the Tang Dynasty spread to later generations, and was completely annihilated in China after Yuan Dynasty 100 years. On the contrary, the Japanese tea ceremony retains part of the tea ceremony in the Tang Dynasty. Tea bubble, which arose in the Yuan Dynasty, has been passed down to this day, but there is no "Tao" component here. The so-called "tea ceremony", "tea culture", the so-called "thrifty and simple tea ceremony thought" prevailing in China today, and many wriggling postures are all nonsense fabricated by busybodies in the past thirty years. The so-called "tea culture research" is naturally a fabrication. There is even more absurd propaganda. A Pu 'er tea cake has been sold for several years, which is just like counterfeiting. This is exactly what the so-called device does not exist and the Tao does not exist.
Therefore, although the word "tea ceremony" has a history of more than 1000 years since the Tang Dynasty, there is no such entry in Xinhua Dictionary, Cihai and Etymology.
Tea ceremony belongs to oriental culture. The difference between eastern culture and western culture is that eastern culture often has no scientific and accurate definition, but relies on individuals to approach it and understand it with their own understanding. As early as the Tang Dynasty in China, the word "tea ceremony" came into being. For example, in Feng Shiwen Ji Jian, "Tea ceremony is popular because of the extensive embellishment of Hung-chien's theory." In the Tang Dynasty, Liu also clearly stated in "Ten Virtues of Drinking Tea": "Tea is feasible and tea is Kaya's ambition." Wang Xinjian, a writer, said in the poem "Chanting Tea": There are thousands of white clouds, and firewood is roasted and fried in a copper pot. Pottery pots are mellow, adding interest to poetry, and porcelain ou is green and melancholy. Lao Dan's way to cultivate ambition, lyna spoke very clearly, that is, to get rid of vulgarity. Without nirvana, how to keep the source fresh?
Tea ceremony is a kind of performance art that expresses certain etiquette, personality, artistic conception, aesthetic viewpoint and spiritual thought through tea tasting activities. It is a combination of tea art and spirit, which expresses the spirit through tea art, and it flourished in China in Tang Dynasty, flourished in Song Dynasty and declined in Qing Dynasty. The main content of China Tea Ceremony pays attention to the beauty of tea, tea, temperature, tea set and environment, and at the same time, it is accompanied by emotional conditions to achieve the highest enjoyment of "taste" and "heart". Japanese tea ceremony, known as aesthetic religion, takes harmony, respect, purity and silence as its basic spirit and inherits the legacy of Tang and Song Dynasties.
Dig deep into the cultural connotation of China and explore the revival of Chinese culture. Tea culture belongs to the category of Chinese culture, that is, it is an artistic beauty formed by standardizing every detail of tea tasting with ceremony, paying attention to tea, tea, temperature, tea set and environment, and paying attention to the self-cultivation and mood of drinkers.
The connotation of tea culture is actually the concrete embodiment of the cultural connotation of China, which must be combined with the Han culture in China. The spiritual connotation of tea culture is a cultural phenomenon with distinctive China cultural characteristics, which combines the habits of making tea, tasting tea, smelling tea, drinking tea and tasting tea with the cultural connotation ceremony in China. It can also be said to be a polite phenomenon.
develop
China is the origin of tea trees. However, China is not the only origin of tea trees in the world. Local natural tea trees can also be found in other countries in the world. But it is universally acknowledged that China has made outstanding contributions to human beings in the tea industry, mainly because tea was first discovered and utilized, and developed into a splendid and unique tea culture in China, and gradually spread to neighboring countries in China and even the whole world.
Before Qin and Han Dynasties? Bashu is the cradle of tea industry in China.
Gu once said: "Tea drinking began after Qin people took Shu." He believed that tea drinking began after Qin unified Bashu, and affirmed that tea culture in China and even the world was originally developed in Bashu. This statement has been recognized by most scholars.
Tea production in Bashu can be traced back to the Warring States period or earlier, and Bashu has formed a certain scale of tea areas, taking tea as a tribute.
The prominent position of Bashu tea industry in the early history of tea industry in China was not recorded until Wang Bao's Children's Covenant when he proclaimed himself emperor in the Western Han Dynasty, in which there were two sentences: "Cook all the tea" and "Five sheep buy tea". The former reflects the Chengdu area. During the Western Han Dynasty, not only drinking tea became a common practice, but also special utensils appeared. As can be seen from the last sentence, tea has been commercialized, and there has been a tea market like "Wuyang". During the Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu not only became the center of tea consumption in China, but also was probably the earliest tea distribution center according to later literature records. Not only before the pre-Qin, Qin and Han Dynasties, but also before the Western Jin Dynasty, Bashu was an important tea production and technology center in China.
Three kingdoms and two Jin dynasties? The middle reaches of the Yangtze River have become a tea industry.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the tea industry spread with the economy and culture of Bashu and other places. First spread to the southeast, such as the naming of Chaling in Hunan, is a proof. Chaling is a county established in the Western Han Dynasty, which is famous for producing tea. Chaling is close to the border between Jiangxi and Guangdong, which shows that tea production in the Western Han Dynasty has spread to the surrounding areas of Hunan, Guangdong and Jiangxi. During the Three Kingdoms and Western Jin Dynasty, with the development of tea industry in Jingchu and the spread of tea culture in the whole country, and due to superior geographical conditions and good economic and cultural level, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River or Central China gradually replaced Bashu in the spread of tea culture in China, which became obviously important.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Wu occupied half of the country in the southeast, which was also the main area for the spread and development of tea industry in China. At this time, the scale and scope of planting tea trees in the south have developed greatly, and drinking tea has also spread to the noble families in the north. The development of tea industry in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the Western Jin Dynasty can also be proved by the Book of Jingzhou in the Western Jin Dynasty. It says "Tea is the first in seven counties of Wuling", which shows that the tea industry in Han Jing has developed obviously, and the advantage that Bashu is the only champion in China seems to have disappeared.
After crossing the Western Jin Dynasty, the northern giants crossed the river and settled abroad, and Jiankang (Nanjing) became the political center of southern China. During this period, due to the prevalence of tea worship in the upper class, tea drinking and tea culture in the south, especially in Jiangdong area, developed greatly, which further promoted the development of tea industry in China to the southeast. During this period, tea was planted in the southeast of China, from the west of Zhejiang to the coastal areas of Wenzhou and Ningbo. Not only that, as recorded in Scout, "Xiyang, Wuchang and Jinling all produce good tea". Jinling is Changzhou and its tea is Yixing. It shows that the tea industry in Yixing in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River became famous in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties. After the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty, the trend of the tea industry's center of gravity moving eastward became more obvious.
Tang dynasty? The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have become the center of tea production and technology.
Before the Six Dynasties, tea production and drinking in the south had developed to a certain extent, but there were not many tea drinkers in the north. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, as recorded in the chef's manual, "Today, Kansai, Shantung and Lv Yan villages all eat it. If you don't eat for a few days, you have to drink tea for one day. " Both the Central Plains and the northwest minority areas are addicted to tea, so the tea production in the south has achieved unprecedented development. Especially in Jiangnan and Huainan tea areas with convenient transportation in the north, the production of tea is particularly developed. After the middle Tang Dynasty, the tea production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River increased greatly, and the tea-making technology reached the highest level at that time. Zhou Shu Jixian Muya, Huzhou Zizun and Changzhou Yangxian Tea became tribute tea, which is a concentrated expression. The center of tea production and technology has shifted to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and tea production in the south of the Yangtze River is in full swing. At that time, according to historical records, tea was planted everywhere in Qimen, Anhui Province, and within a thousand miles of Fiona Fang, and there was no soil in the mountains. Nine times out of ten, the tea industry. At the same time, as tribute tea is located in the south of the Yangtze River, it greatly promotes the improvement of tea-making technology in the south of the Yangtze River, and also promotes the production and development of China's tea areas. According to the Tang Dynasty's "Tea Classic" and other documents, tea-producing areas in this period were all over Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan and other 14 provinces and regions. , almost reached the same situation as the modern tea-producing areas in China.
Song dynasty? The focus of tea industry shifted from east to south.
From the Five Dynasties to the early Song Dynasty, the national climate changed from warm to cold, which made the tea industry in the south of China develop faster than that in the north, gradually replacing the tea areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and becoming the focus of the tea industry. It is mainly manifested in the change of tribute tea from ancient bamboo and purple bamboo shoots to Fujian Jian 'an tea, and the tea industry in Minnan and Lingnan areas, which have not yet formed a climate in the Tang Dynasty, has developed actively.
The main reason why the center of gravity of tea industry moved south in Song Dynasty was climate change. The temperature along the Yangtze River is low in early spring, and the germination of tea trees is delayed, so it is impossible to ensure that tea leaves will be delivered to Kyoto before Qingming. The climate in Fujian is warmer, as Ouyang Xiu said, "Jian 'an is three thousand miles away, and the capital tastes new tea in March. "Jian' an tea, as a tribute tea, will inevitably strive for Excellence and become more and more famous. It has become the main technical center for making group tea and cake tea in China, which has promoted the rise and development of tea areas in southern Fujian and Lingnan. Therefore, by the Song Dynasty, tea had spread all over the country. Tea areas in Song Dynasty are basically the same as those in modern times. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the tea area was basically stable, and the development of tea industry was mainly reflected in the tea-making methods and the rise and fall of various teas.
procedure
Tea washing: pour boiling water into the pot and pour it out quickly.
Brewing: Put boiling water into the pot again, and the spout "nods" three times in the process of pouring water, which is the so-called "Phoenix Three Nods".
Kung fu tea set (6 pieces)
The guests paid their respects. "Spring Breeze Blows Noodles": The water should be higher than the spout, and the tea should be painted off with the lid.
Pot sealing: cover the pot and pour boiling water all over the pot.
Divide cups: group fragrant cups and teacups with tea clips and put them on the saucer. "Jade liquid belongs to the pot": pour the tea soup in the pot into the fair mug, so that everyone can taste the tea with all colors and flavors.
Divide the pot: pour the tea soup into the fragrant cup separately, and the tea is seven minutes full.
Serve tea: serve tea for guests.
Smell the fragrance: the guest pours the tea soup into the cup and smells the lingering fragrance in the cup.
Tea tasting: guests pick up a cup of tea with three fingers and sip it slowly in three bites. Accompanied by the guzheng, the guests soaked incense in the fire. Clean hands, first recruit tea people, invite guests to taste tea, and then enjoy tools: pay attention to the use of porcelain and pottery-Jingdezhen porcelain. Yixing teapot. Hot cup kettle is to pour boiling water into teapot, fair cup, fragrant cup and teacup, and the sanitary ware will heat up. "Oolong into the palace": Put oolong tea into the teapot.
Tea ceremony should follow certain rules. In order to defeat Jiu Nan in the Tang Dynasty, it was made, divided, utensils, fire, water, roasted, chopped, boiled and drunk. Tea was tasted at three o'clock in the Song Dynasty, and the "three o'clock" at three o'clock was a combination of fresh tea, fresh spring and clean utensils. The weather was fine and the guests were like-minded. On the contrary, it is "three points". The Ming dynasty is thirteen clothes and seven taboos. "Thirteen Appropriate" refers to having nothing to do, two guests, three sitting alone, four reciting poems, five waving hands, six wandering, seven sleeping, eight waiting to wake up, nine offering sacrifices, ten quiet houses, eleven knowing, twelve appreciating and thirteen reading; The "seven taboos" are once for the law, twice for the evil, three subjects and objects are not rhyme, four crowns and clothes are harsh, five meats and five vegetarian dishes, six busy and redundant, and the desk between seven walls is even more boring.
classify
Jian tea ceremony
Put the tea powder into the pot and add water to boil. It was first recorded in the Tang Dynasty, and there was a saying of "eating tea". Popular in Song Dynasty.
The gold tea set unearthed in Famen Temple shows the situation of people "eating tea" in the Tang Dynasty. The tea leaves are dried, ground into powder and boiled in water. When cooking tea, salt and other spices are sometimes added to drink with tea, so it is also called "eating tea".
Boiling tea in Tang Dynasty was the earliest art form of tea tasting.
Dou tea ceremony
Ancient literati each carried tea and water, and judged the quality of tea by comparing tea noodles with soup flowers and tasting tea soup. Doucha, also known as Doucha, flourished in the late Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty. It was first popular in Jianzhou, Fujian. Fighting tea is the highest expression of ancient tea tasting art, and its ultimate goal is to taste tea, especially to absorb the soup flowers on the tea surface. Finally, tea drinkers must taste the tea soup, so as to achieve good color, fragrance and taste, which is the final victory of the tea war.
Gongfucha road
Kung fu tea, popular in some areas since the Qing Dynasty, is the charm of tea tasting art since the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, congou tea was popular in Tingzhou, Zhangzhou, Quanzhou and Chaozhou, Guangdong. Later, it was also popular in Qimen, Anhui. Kung fu tea pays attention to drinking time. There are two kinds of drinking congou: self-frying and self-tasting, and entertaining guests, especially guests.
device
Tea set
① Chaze: an instrument for taking out tea leaves from a teapot and putting them in the teapot.
②? Teaspoon: A tool for pouring Chaze tea into a teapot.
③? Leaking tea (barrel): put it on the spout to guide the tea leaves into the pot and prevent the tea leaves from scattering outside the pot.
4 Tea Lotus: It is a multifunctional appliance, which not only has the functions of the first three, but also can see the shape, quantity and dry fragrance of tea.
⑤ Tea crushing: used to crush the long tea leaves in the tea lotus root, which is convenient to put into the pot.
⑥ Tea barn: a small tea pot for subpackaging tea.
Li tea set
(1) tea clip: take out the tea residue from the pot and cup; You can pinch the cup when washing it to prevent your hands from being burned.
2 teaspoons: used for putting tea leaves and digging tea dregs.
③ Tea needle: used to connect the internal network of the pot.
4 tea paddle (hairpin): an instrument for skimming tea foam; The tip is used to pass through the spout.
⑤ Tea knife: Take tea leaves and pour them.
Powder tea set
① Tea Sea (small cup, mother cup and male cup): After the tea soup in the teapot is soaked, it can be poured into the tea sea and then distributed evenly according to the number of people; When the number of people is small, pour out the tea to avoid the bitter taste caused by soaking for too long. The filter screen on the tea sea can filter out the tea residue that flows out when pouring tea.
Pinmingqi
① Tea cup (small cup): used for sipping tea soup.
(2) Smelling cup: to preserve the fragrance of tea and use it for smell identification.
③? Cup holder: a small tray for placing teacups, which can avoid hot tea soup and also play an aesthetic role.
prostitute
①? Tea tray: A tray for holding teacups or other tea sets.
②? Tea boat (tea pool, tea washing, pot holder): a device for holding teapot, which is also used to receive overflow and pour tea soup. It is a necessary tool for raising pots.
③ Residue formula: used to hold tea residue.
④ Water side (teapot, pitcher): used to receive discarded tea leaves.
⑤ Detergent: used for placing cups and plates to be cleaned after use.
⑥? Tea towel: mainly used for drying pots, which can dry the mixed water left at the bottom of teapot and tea sea; Secondly, it is used to wipe off the water droplets on the desktop.
⑦ Container: A container for holding Chaze, teaspoons, tea clips and other utensils.
Subsidiary part
① Boiler: There are many kinds of boilers, including charcoal stove (Chaoshan stove)+Yushu Tuan, alcohol stove+glass kettle, electric kettle, induction cooker, etc. The key point of selection is that the tea set is harmonious and the boiled water has no peculiar smell.
② Pot mats: textiles. Used to separate the pot from the tea boat to avoid the influence of noise on the atmosphere.
③ Lid: a small dish (usually replaced by a saucer) for placing teapot lids and kettle lids.
Tea tray: A tray for holding tea.
⑤ Tea brushing: used to brush off the residual tea powder in tea lotus after placing tea leaves.
⑥ Thermometer: used to learn to judge the water temperature.
⑦ Tea towel tray: used for placing tea towels, tea brushes, thermometers, etc.
⑧? Incense burner: Drinking tea and burning incense can increase the interest of tea.
theory
Heaven and man are one. /Man is an inseparable part of nature.
China Tea Ceremony absorbed the essence of Confucianism and Taoism. Taoist theory injects the philosophical thought of "harmony between man and nature" into the tea ceremony of tea people and establishes the soul of tea ceremony. At the same time, it also provides the aesthetic concept of advocating nature, simplicity and truth and the idea of rebirth, attaching importance to life and keeping in good health.
It is precisely because the Taoist philosophy of "harmony between man and nature" is integrated into the spirit of the tea ceremony that tea people in China are full of love for nature, and tea people in China have a strong desire to return to nature and get close to it. Therefore, tea people in China can best appreciate the passion of "feeling the earth moving" and the wonderful feeling of "being more conscious of nature".
Respect others
In the tea ceremony in China, the idea of respecting people generally exists in the naming of tea sets and the understanding of tea. Tea people are used to calling the covered cup with tray "the cup with three talents". The cup holder is "ground", the cup cover is "sky" and the cup is "person". It means big, big, big, big. If the cup, plate and lid are served together to taste tea, this cup-holding method is called "three talents in one"
Guisheng
Valuing life is the utilitarian thought that Taoism injects into tea ceremony. Under the influence of Taoist thought of attaching importance to life, preserving health and enjoying life, China Tea Ceremony pays special attention to "the power of tea", that is, the function of health care and nourishing emotions.
Taoists don't pay attention to too many rules when tasting tea, but use tea to stimulate internal strength for the purpose of preserving health and paying attention to life. Such as Ma Yu's "Si Long Tea" wrote:
A cup of tea, two cups of tea, don't give your heart to fame and fortune, and never sleep.
Wuwei tea, natural tea, God-given meditation Taoism, sleepless work.
It can be seen that Taoist tea drinking is different from secular people who are keen on fame and fortune. People who covet utility and fame will lose sleep when drinking tea, which shows that their spiritual realm is too poor. Tea, on the other hand, is the nectar and fairy dew given to Taoism by God. Drinking tea will make you more energetic, more aware of the Tao without being sleepy, and increase your skills and behaviors.
Some Taoist experts regard tea tasting as a great pleasure to forget the troubles of the world of mortals and enjoy the spirit of leisure. In this regard, Bai Yuchan, one of the five ancestors of Nanzong, wrote beautifully in the word "Water Regulating and Songtou Singing Tea":
It rained in February and thundered last night. Guns and flags compete for exhibitions, and Jian Xi leads the way in spring. Take branches and tongues, mash them with dew smoke, and refine them into purple and gold piles. Crushing infinite spring, flying green dust.
Draw a new spring, cook a live fire, try the future, put down rabbit hair and taste your tongue back. Wake up Qingzhou, fight back against the sandman by millions, and never dream of a balcony. There is a breeze under my arm and I want to go to Penglai.
Sit down and forget.
"Sit and forget" is a quiet method put forward by Taoism in order to achieve the realm of "extremely empty and quiet" in tea ceremony. Influenced by Laozi's thoughts, China Tea Ceremony regards "tranquility" as one of the "four truths". How to make your mind reach the ethereal realm of "one private, one spotless and one fake" when drinking tea? Taoism also provides a meditation method for tea ceremony, which is called "sitting and forgetting", that is, forgetting yourself. Tea ceremony advocates the communication between man and nature, melts the boundary between things and me, and takes aesthetic photos of "clear mystery" and "clear heart taste", all of which can be realized by "sitting and forgetting"
No ego
Taoism's attitude of being free from famous religion and naturally broad-minded is also the way of life of China Tea Ceremony. Taoist "no self" is the "no self" pursued by tea ceremony. Without me, it is not to destroy yourself physically, but to eliminate the opposition between things and me mentally, so as to conform to nature and accept everything. "No self" is the highest pursuit of artistic conception in China Tea Ceremony. In recent years, tea people on both sides of the Taiwan Province Strait frequently hold international "no-self" tea parties, and Japanese and Korean tea people also actively participate in them, which is a beneficial attempt to the realm of "no-self".
Taoism is natural.
China Tea Ceremony emphasizes "Taoism is natural", which includes three levels: material, behavior and spirit.
Materially, China Tea Ceremony holds that "tea is the best wood in the south". It is a "precious wood bud" given by nature. Planting, picking and making tea must conform to the laws of nature in order to produce good tea. In behavior, China Tea Ceremony pays attention to the beauty of nature, which is simple and unpretentious. When moving, it flows like a rock, quiet. Laugh like spring flowers, talk like mountain springs. Raise your hand and smile, all from nature, free your mind, and never be artificial. Spiritually, Taoism is natural, returning to nature, which is manifested in completely liberating one's sexual experience, making one's mind quiet, indifferent, lonely and inaction, making one's mind filled with tea fragrance, as if it were integrated with the universe and sublimated to the realm of "no self".
key element
China tea ceremony, as far as its constituent elements are concerned, has four elements: environment, etiquette, tea art and practice [1]? .
(1) environment
Tea ceremony is a tea tasting activity under certain circumstances. Tea ceremony pays special attention to the choice and construction of environment, aiming at cultivating and purifying people's hearts through the environment, so it needs an environment that meets the requirements of tea ceremony activities. The environment of tea ceremony activities is not random or random, but carefully chosen or created. There are three tea ceremony environments. One is the natural environment, such as under pine trees, beside springs and on rocks in forests. The second is the artificial environment, such as temples, pavilions, waterside pavilions, study rooms, living rooms, etc. The third is the special environment, that is, the teahouse specially used for tea ceremony activities. Tea room includes outdoor environment and indoor environment. Outdoor environment refers to the teahouse courtyard, where evergreen plants and flowers such as pine, bamboo and bamboo are often planted. Oil paintings, flower arrangements, bonsai and antiques are often hung in the indoor environment, and the study is clearly provided. In particular, hanging pictures and arranging flowers are essential. In short, the environment of tea ceremony should be elegant and quiet, so that people can enter this environment, forget the secular world, wash away the dust and cultivate morality.
(2) Etiquette
Tea ceremony activities should be carried out according to certain etiquette, etiquette is politeness, etiquette is etiquette, and law is norms and rules. "Fuzhen delicious, bowl number three, followed by bowl number. If the number of guests is five, three bowls will be provided. Seven or five bowls. Less than six people, you don't have to wait for the number of bowls, and one less person is just a meaningful supplement. " (Lu Yu's "Tea Classic" and "Five Cooks") This is the rule of drinking tea in the tea ceremony in the Tang Dynasty.
"The boy held the offering in front of him, and the Lord began to provide a guest day: to clear away your distractions. The guest picked it up, raised his hand and said, Otherwise, it's not enough to break the loneliness. Is to sit again. After drinking, the boy took Ou and retired. Long words, heavy ceremony. "(Preface to Zhu Quan's" Tea Spectrum ") This is the etiquette of the end, reception, drinking and narration between the host and guest of the tea ceremony in the Song and Ming Dynasties, which is quite cautious. Etiquette is the established norm of behavior, manners, language and actions, showing friendship and respect. The ceremony of tea ceremony includes etiquette, courtesy and politeness between host and guest, and between guests.
The law of tea ceremony is a series of norms and protocols in the whole process of tea ceremony, involving some regulations between people, people and things, things and things, such as position, order, action, language, posture, gfd and so on.
Tea ceremony etiquette has its ups and downs with the changes of the times. In different tea ceremony schools, etiquette is different, but some basic etiquette contents are relatively fixed.
(3) Tea art
Tea art is the art of drinking tea. Tea art has five links: preparing utensils, selecting water, making fire, waiting for soup and learning tea. First, it is divided into tea science method. Ancient and modern tea art can be divided into frying tea, ordering tea and making tea. Secondly, according to the main tea sets, tea making can be divided into pot tea, kungfu tea, cup tea and kungfu tea. Again, according to the tea used. Kung Fu Tea can be divided into Wuyi Kung Fu Tea, Wuyi variant Kung Fu Tea, Taiwan Province Kung Fu Tea and Taiwan Province variant Kung Fu Tea according to its birthplace.
Tea art is the foundation and carrier of tea ceremony, and it is a necessary condition for tea ceremony. Tea ceremony is inseparable from tea ceremony, which depends on tea ceremony. Without tea ceremony, there is no tea ceremony. The connotation of tea art is less than that of tea ceremony, but the extension of tea art is greater than that of tea ceremony. Tea art can exist independently of tea ceremony, and as an art, it can also be performed on the stage. So it is ok to perform tea ceremony or tea ceremony performance, but it is not appropriate to say tea ceremony performance or tea ceremony performance. Because the tea ceremony is for people to practice, not for others to see, it is tea instead of tea.
(4) Practice
Practice is the basis and purpose of tea ceremony. Tea people enjoy themselves, cultivate their sentiments, cultivate their hearts and realize the Tao through tea activities. The practice of China Tea Ceremony is "double cultivation", that is, cultivation of mind, life and body and mind. Self-cultivation, also known as health preservation, lies in getting rid of diseases, strengthening the body and prolonging life; Self-cultivation is based on ambition, morality, happiness and enlightenment. The double cultivation of life is finally implemented to the end.
The ideal of China Tea Ceremony is health, pleasure, cultivation and enlightenment. It is the result of monasticism, the ideal of tea ceremony, the ultimate pursuit of tea people and the highest realm of life. The purpose of tea ceremony is to practice, the environment is good, the etiquette is good, and the tea art is good, all for one purpose-practice, service practice. Practice is to improve the quality and realm of each participant and shape a perfect personality.
Tea ceremony is an art of drinking tea for the purpose of cultivating monasticism, which includes four elements: tea ceremony, etiquette, environment and practice. Tea art is the foundation and necessary condition of tea ceremony, which can exist independently of tea ceremony. Tea ceremony is based on tea art and depends on it. Tea art focuses on "art", and learning tea art is to gain aesthetic enjoyment; The focus of tea ceremony is Tao, which aims to cultivate the mind and realize the road through tea ceremony. The connotation of tea ceremony is less than that of tea ceremony, which contains tea ceremony, and its extension is greater than that of tea ceremony, which is between tea ceremony and tea culture.
The connotation of tea ceremony is greater than that of tea ceremony, and the extension of tea ceremony is greater than that of tea ceremony. The' art' we are talking about here refers to the art of making tea, making tea and tasting tea; The' Tao' we are talking about here refers to the spirit implemented in the process of art tea. Tao without art is an empty theory; Art has no way, art has no essence and no spirit. Tea art, named but tangible, is the external expression of tea culture; Tea ceremony is spirit, truth, law, origin and essence. It is often invisible and intangible, but you can fully understand it through your heart. The combination of tea art and tea ceremony is the result of a high degree of unity of matter and spirit. The connotation and extension of tea ceremony and tea ceremony are different, which should be strictly distinguished and not confused.
The highest state of drinking tea, tasting tea and tea art-tea ceremony
Drink tea: use tea as a drink to quench your thirst.
Tea tasting: Pay attention to the color and fragrance of tea leaves, pay attention to the quality of tea sets, and savor them carefully when drinking.
Tea art: Pay attention to environment, atmosphere, music, brewing skills and interpersonal relationships.
The highest state-tea ceremony: integrating philosophy, ethics and morality into tea activities, cultivating self-cultivation, tasting life and achieving spiritual enjoyment through tea tasting.