Hello: First, puffed foods that damage children's immunity, such as potato chips and shrimp strips, have become one of children's favorite foods because of their low price and sweet taste, but most parents don't know that these foods are actually junk foods with little nutritional value and contain a lot of lead. If eaten for a long time, excessive lead accumulation will damage children's immune system and cause repeated colds and coughs, damage children's nervous system and cause mental retardation and damage children's health.
Puffed products can also cause children's throats, causing some children with upper respiratory tract infections to cough worse, so parents must pay attention to it and try to make their children not eat or eat less of this kind of food. Second, jelly, which has no nutritional value and can kill people, is also one of children's favorite foods. But jelly has no nutritional value except gel, essence and pigment, and even contains little sugar. It is a veritable junk food.
Moreover, the biggest harm of jelly is that once children choke into the trachea by mistake, it is difficult to take it out and eventually lead to death. Many children in China die of jelly every year. Children are naturally active, love to talk, love to laugh and cry, and are prone to choking when eating. So parents should keep their children away from the nutrition jelly killer.
3. Chocolate and candy that are harmful to health Many parents think that chocolate is a kind of food with high nutritional value. They don't know how to judge the nutritional value of food. In fact, the easiest way is to look at the content of protein in food. Beef, mutton, milk, seafood and other products have high nutritional value because of their high content of protein. Chocolate is a high-sugar and high-calorie food, but its nutritional value is not high. Long-term consumption will make children fat, which is not equal to health. In a sense, it is not good for your health. Especially during a child's cold, eating chocolate will make the child's phlegm sticky and difficult to cough up, so don't let the child eat chocolate and candy bars during a cold.
Fourth, the harm of antibiotic abuse In 2005, the World Health Organization held a special meeting to discuss the problem of antibiotic abuse. Research shows that it is predicted that some invincible bacteria will appear on the earth by 20 15 years, and there will be no drugs available for patients at that time.
What is particularly worrying is that China and China are the countries with the most serious abuse of antibiotics. Just this year, the big hospitals in Jinan ran out of drugs 10 years ahead of schedule. However, parents and friends should not lose confidence in the future. China has incomparable advantages over other countries. We have thousands of years of experience in traditional Chinese medicine treatment, which can achieve therapeutic effects that western medicine cannot achieve. As long as we give full play to the advantages of Chinese medicine, we can completely ensure that children have a healthy body.
5. If you have a fever, you won't retreat if you don't retreat properly; Hormone, when you can't use it, you don't need it. Parents nowadays basically have this phenomenon. When their child has a fever, they can't wait to get it down. In fact, this idea is unnecessary. There are many kinds of fever, and many fevers, especially low-grade fever, are also beneficial. Generally speaking, a fever not exceeding 38.5 degrees should not be reduced. Fever is the result of the function of human immune system. Forced fever reduction is also a forced suppression of the child's immune system.
In some cases, children's fever is normal, not a disease. There is no need for injections and infusions. In particular, it is not advisable for some doctors to use hormones unreasonably when giving their children a fever. Regular use of hormones will make children's immunity lower and lower, which will affect their growth and intellectual development.
2. What are the baby's health knowledge?
Baby's mouth is the center in the early days, so toys should not be easily entered. Early education cultivates the ability of observation, cognition, imagination and judgment, so that babies can perceive and adapt in games and life. Avoid cramming knowledge education and systematize education.
Baby must pay attention to enhance immunity, physical fitness, anti-virus ability will also improve. It is especially good to eat more Zhaolikang protein powder. It is generally necessary to master the health knowledge of infants and young children, including:
1, physiological characteristics and health care points of infants;
2. Psychological characteristics and health care knowledge of infants and young children;
3. Common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases of infants and young children;
4, infant infectious disease prevention and control knowledge.
3. Tips for children's health education
1, the increase or decrease of children's clothes should be appropriate, and it is best to decide how many clothes to wear according to the weather of the day.
2. In the season of frequent infectious diseases in spring, we should pay attention to the air circulation at home.
3. Take the children out and be careful not to go to crowded places.
4. Educate children to pay attention to hygiene and prevent diseases from entering the mouth.
5. Children are prone to sweat and catch a cold after exercise. Please take off your coat before exercise and put it on in time after exercise.
6. Wonderful use of salt water: Parents can brush their teeth with salt water or rinse their mouths with salt water to keep their mouths clean. They can also let children drink some salt water in the morning, which has the functions of cleaning the stomach, clearing away heat and detoxifying.
7. Vitamin C can improve immunity and disease resistance, which plays an important role in children's brain and body. It is windy in spring and the climate is dry, which is easy to cause bleeding. Vitamin C has a good effect on preventing bleeding, so it must be supplemented in time.
8. The height of a child is mainly the result of bone development. The main component of bone is calcium. There are generally two ways to supplement calcium: one is medicine supplement, and the other is food supplement. It is best to adopt the method of food supplement. Foods rich in calcium include sesame, day lily, radish, carrot, kelp and shrimp skin. Then there is sparerib soup, bone soup. Children should not be allowed to eat more sugar, chocolate and cakes, because they contain more phosphate, which will hinder the metabolism of calcium in the body.
9. Kindergartens and families should cultivate children's good hygiene habits, such as washing hands frequently and not touching nose and eyes with dirty hands. Parents are advised to wash their faces and noses with cold water in the morning and evening to enhance the adaptability of children's nasal mucosa to cold air. When the weather gets warmer in summer or spring, it is best to wash your face with cold water. Once you start, you should stick to it, even in winter.
10, always open the window for ventilation indoors to maintain indoor humidity. Kindergartens should disinfect the air regularly, and children's sheets and bedding should be washed and dried frequently. In addition, when cleaning, try to avoid flying dust.
1 1. Children should have enough outdoor activities every day in kindergarten to get enough sunshine and breathe fresh air. Kindergartens should arrange diversified physical exercise programs for children to improve their own resistance.
12. It is suggested that parents of young children make full use of the time for walking after meals on weekends and peacetime, play parent-child games that children are willing to accept, and gradually increase the amount of exercise.
13, the climate is changeable in spring. Parents and teachers should add or subtract clothes for their children in time to prevent them from catching cold and ensure that their children have enough sleep time.
4. What do you know about infant health management?
I. Training Objectives This major aims to train workers and professionals in the field of children's physical and mental health and educational development, so that students can have a broad international and industrial vision, and have a solid and comprehensive knowledge of children's education, health and management skills; Have pioneering and innovative consciousness and practical operation ability, and become an applied professional with wide adaptability, practicality and professionalism.
Second, training requires this major to learn the basic knowledge of children's healthy development and management, understand the law of children's growth and development, participate in the cultivation and development of children's growth practice, and have certain teaching, scientific research and management capabilities. The teaching of this major emphasizes practicality while highlighting the basic, authoritative and cutting-edge nature.
Through case teaching, research study, special discussion, practice and probation, students can actively acquire professional knowledge and skills in participating in diversified learning activities. Graduates should have the following professional qualities and abilities: 1, love the motherland, love children, love preschool education, have a sense of social responsibility and strong professionalism, have good ideological and moral character and professional ethics, have a sense of cooperation and respect others.
2. Have a healthy and noble ideology and morality, love the research field of children's healthy development, have a high sense of social responsibility, and have excellent qualities such as love, patience and carefulness. 3, with good psychological quality and sound personality, positive and optimistic, emotional stability, with good interpersonal skills, can constantly carry out self-development and self-improvement.
4, have the ability to prepare specific education programs and implementation programs, master the skills of implementing care and education for young children, master the basic modern education technology, and initially have the ability to engage in preschool education management. 5, master the basic knowledge of infant physical and mental health care, according to the characteristics of infant physical and mental development, scientific guidance of infant growth, with the basic skills and ability to engage in baby care.
6. Master the relevant theories of family education, have the ability of family education guidance, and be able to engage in the work of family education guidance teachers. 7, master the basic methods of literature retrieval and information query, with preliminary scientific research and practical work ability.
8. Obtain corresponding qualification certificates: nursery teacher, health manager, nutrition and health care teacher, and preschool teacher. Iii. Main courses and contents 1. Management Children's development and health management belong to the public management category of children's growth education management, so the basic knowledge of management is to engage in the basic theoretical construction of this major.
2. Child Psychology This course is a professional theoretical course of children's development and health management, which belongs to the main professional course. Mainly teach the basic theory and knowledge of children's mental health growth; Mastering and applying children's psychological knowledge can promote children's lively, positive and optimistic growth and help solve the problems encountered in the process of children's psychological structure change.
3. Children's Pedagogy This course is a professional theoretical course of children's development and health management, which belongs to the main professional course. It mainly teaches the basic laws, principles and methods of early childhood education, helps students to form the basic concepts of early childhood education, initially understands the characteristics and laws of early childhood education institutions, and organizes the methods and principles of early childhood activities, so that students can establish a correct view of education, children and teachers.
4. Nutrition is a professional theoretical course of children's development and health management, which belongs to the main professional course. This paper mainly studies the healthy diet and nutrition collocation in children's growth and development, and promotes children's healthy growth.
5. "Infant Hygiene" is a professional theoretical course of children's development and health management, which belongs to the main professional course. It mainly teaches children's physiological and anatomical characteristics and key points of conservation, children's growth and development, children's life health care system, children's nutrition and hygiene, kindergarten safety education and the handling of common accidents, the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and common diseases, and common psychological problems of children.
Focus on teaching methods of children's health care, and cultivate students' ability of children's health care and their ability to analyze and solve problems by using health knowledge. 4. Employment orientation: After graduation, I can not only be competent in children's education and teaching, children's nutrition and health research and management, but also engage in related work in children's health management institutions, children's education institutions, children's nutrition research and development institutions, children's sports research institutions, media, book publishing departments and companies.
5. Obtain the corresponding qualification certificates: the qualification certificates of baby nurses, health managers, nutrition and health care teachers and preschool teachers.
5. Infant health knowledge
In summer, heatstroke prevention and cooling has become a topic of concern. Children have poor resistance and like outdoor sports. Once heatstroke makes parents feel anxious.
According to the causes of heatstroke, experts put forward three ways to prevent heatstroke in children:
First, parents should reasonably increase or decrease clothes for their children according to changes in temperature and environment.
Even new mothers know that it is necessary to wear less clothes and take more baths in hot weather, but babies often have heat rash and even dehydration. It seems that "degree" is not appropriate. Mom should pay attention to the following points:
Don't always think that the baby is too small and weak, and it is very likely that you will catch a cold if you wear too little. In fact, in hot weather, children should wear as much as adults. As long as the baby's little hands and feet are not cold to the touch, it means that they are dressed moderately.
Baby's small belly is thin, so it is easy to catch cold and cause diarrhea. It's best for mother to wear a small belly pocket on her chest and abdomen, especially when sleeping.
Although it is necessary to dress your baby less, you must pay attention to keeping your feet warm, because your baby's feet are different from those of adults and are very sensitive to temperature. If you catch a cold, it will reflexively cause respiratory spasm, induce a cold and even bronchitis.
Baby's clothes, sheets and pillow towels should be washed and changed frequently. As long as they are contaminated by sweat, they should be changed quickly.
When you are sweating in hot weather, you should take a bath at least 4-6 times a day, and it may not be enough to take a bath once in the morning and once in the evening. Because if you don't wash off too much sweat in time, your skin will become hot and prickly even if you wear less.
Experts remind: clothes should be loose and soft, and thin cotton fabric is better, which can make the baby's skin not allergic and feel cool, because sweat is easy to absorb. Don't give your baby chemical fiber articles that are easy to make your skin suffer from * * * *.
6. Infant health knowledge
● The causes of malnutrition in infants and young children are long-term improper diet, insufficient calories, artificial feeding mainly based on cereals, poor quality, insufficient breast milk, improper addition of complementary food, hasty weaning, and inadaptability of infants.
Digestive system diseases, congenital malformation, cleft lip, cleft palate, pyloric stenosis, cardia relaxation, eating difficulties, digestive dysfunction, malabsorption, enteritis, dysentery, parasites, hepatitis and other digestive tract infectious diseases. Chronic wasting disease, recurrent pneumonia, tuberculosis, etc.
But also due to long-term fever, loss of appetite, reduced intake and high consumption, resulting in malnutrition. Other conditions, such as premature delivery and twins, are the conditions of congenital malnutrition.
Severe malnutrition is caused by many reasons. Pathological changes of malnutrition in infants and young children due to insufficient nutrient intake, the body's digestion, absorption and utilization functions are not perfect, glycogen is used in the body, followed by fat consumption and protein, which leads to negative nitrogen balance, plasma protein, blood sugar and cholesterol are all decreased, and the basal metabolism is only 70% or lower than that of normal children.
Malnourished children's digestive tract movement and secretion function are weakened, and humoral cell immune function is low. Other deficiencies such as vitamins A, D, B, E, calcium, iron and zinc coexist with malnutrition.
In short, children with first-degree and second-degree malnutrition are mainly characterized by hypodermic fat reduction, insufficient glycogen storage and muscle atrophy. Third-degree malnutrition can be seen as thinning of intestinal wall, disappearance of mucosal folds, turbid and swollen myocardial fibers, fatty degeneration of liver, atrophy of lymphoid tissue, thymus and internal organs.
● The clinical manifestations of malnutrition in infants were once malnutrition: weight loss 15~25%, thin fat layer and weak muscles. Secondary malnutrition: weight loss of 25-40%, shorter than normal.
Fat layer disappears, ribs and spine protrude, skin is pale and inelastic, muscle tension is low, unable to stand, crying weakness, motor function decline, emotional instability, restless sleep, loss of appetite. Third-degree malnutrition: weight loss of more than 40%, lower than normal body length, poor growth and development, low bone age, disappearance of fat layer, prominent mandible and cheekbones, aging face, pale and dry skin, inelastic, weak vital signs, emotional instability, loss of appetite, or disappearance.
Easily diarrhea, vomiting and infection. Treatment should take comprehensive measures of prevention and treatment, nutrition and conservation, and integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine. Only nutrition therapy is mentioned here.
● Dietary nutrition therapy for malnourished infants (1) Because the digestive physiological function of malnourished children is similar to that of normal children, the original feeding food should be maintained at the initial stage of treatment, and it should not be added in a hurry to avoid indigestion. Generally, according to the child's condition, add calories and protein food one week later. (2) Children with secondary malnutrition have weak digestive ability. When the digestive ability gradually recovers and the appetite increases, they will quickly and gradually increase the food in protein.
Pay attention to the amount of salt to prevent edema. (3) Children with third-degree malnutrition have complications such as indigestion.
First of all, we must diagnose the primary disease. When the condition improves, it is necessary to maintain the acid-base balance with a very small amount of multi-meals, and then gradually adjust the diet, supplement protein, and gradually consolidate the intake of nutrients. (4) Adjustment and supplement methods of nutritious food: First of all, we should follow the principles of gradual progress, gradual supplement, no haste, no dryness, patience and caution, and adhere to the following six steps.
Each step has the amount and weight ratio of heat energy and three main nutrients, and the food suitable for eating. Children with malnutrition at one time can start from the third step: they can consume 1.20 kcal, 3 grams of protein, 8 grams of fat 1.8 grams and 23 grams of carbohydrates per kilogram of body weight every day.
The weight ratio of the three nutrients is 1:0.6:7.6. Available foods: semi-skimmed milk, evaporated milk, formula milk, soybean milk, rice soup, thin rice porridge, lotus root powder substitute, fish paste soup, etc.
After the situation is stable, move to the fourth step, and take in heat energy 140kcal, protein 3.5g, fat 2.8g and carbohydrate 25g per kilogram of body weight every day. The weight ratio of the three nutrients is 1:0.8:7.2, and the foods that can be used are milk, milk substitute, soybean milk, fish paste, porridge, cakes and cakes.
To meet the demand, you can go to the sixth step. The daily energy per kilogram of body weight is 140 ~ 120 kcal, protein 3.5g, fat 3.5g, carbohydrate 14, and the weight ratio is 1: 1:4. The food can be the same as the fourth step, but the amount needs to be increased.
Entering the sixth step can consolidate the normal diet, and the child has returned to normal. Second-degree children should start from the second step: heat energy 6 1 calorie, protein 2.0g, fat 1.0g, carbohydrate 1 1g, and the weight ratio is 1:0.5:5.5. Edible foods include skim milk, evaporated milk, formula milk substitute and soybean milk.
It takes about 5~7 days to reach the third step gradually. This slow increase led to the fourth and fifth steps: heat energy 174 kcal, protein 4.5 g, fat 7 g and carbohydrate 24 g, with the weight ratio of 1: 1.5:5.2.
Start recovery and enter the sixth step of consolidation treatment. Breastfeeding a third-grade child is slower.
From the first step, the daily energy consumption per kilogram of body weight is 35 kilocalories, the protein is 1.3g, the fat is 0.4g, and the carbohydrate is 6.5g, and the weight ratio is 1:0.3:5. Suitable food: skim milk, evaporated milk, formula milk, rice soup, lotus root starch, etc.
If you have indigestion, you can go back. Step by step, gradually enrich until the sixth step.
In short, the supply and increase of nutrients should be from less to more, from simple to complex, and should not be greedy for more and faster. Specific measures should depend on children's appetite and digestive ability, and it is not appropriate to unify hard and fast rules.
Suitable food has been described in each step above. Mainly includes: protein foods: skim milk, evaporated milk, formula milk, soybean milk, egg yolk powder, fish meal, minced meat, liver mud, etc.
Fat: In addition to the fat in the above foods, there are vegetable oil, margarine, cream and so on. You can add it appropriately, but only a small amount. Carbohydrates: rice soup, millet soup, batter, lotus root powder, lotus root powder substitute, porridge, rotten rice, cakes, biscuits, etc.
Vitamins and inorganic salts: can be supplemented with fresh fruit juice and vegetable juice. If the child has diarrhea, it can be supplemented from vitamin preparations.
In short, you must be patient when feeding children with third-degree malnutrition. Hunger therapy should not be used arbitrarily for children with severe digestive disorders.
7. The core goal of early childhood health education is
1. Living habits and abilities.
Including knowledge, methods and skills of washing, knowledge and skills of putting on and taking off clothes, knowledge, skills and emotional attitude of protecting individuals and the surrounding environment, knowledge and habits of living and rest, study habits, eating habits, correct posture of sitting, walking, standing and so on. 2. Diet and nutrition.
Including the knowledge and skills of diet, the names of common foods and their nutritional knowledge, the relationship between nutrition and health, the simple knowledge of dietary balance and so on. 3. Understanding and protection of human body.
Including the main organs of the body and their main functions, basic knowledge and skills of organ protection, knowledge and attitude of vaccination, knowledge and treatment of common diseases, knowledge and methods of simple treatment of common injuries, knowledge of preventing dental caries and changing teeth, knowledge of mental health and so on. 4. protect yourself.
Including life safety knowledge, activity safety knowledge, drug safety knowledge, simple knowledge and skills in dealing with accidents, self-protection ability, etc.
8. Children's health tips
Medically, the phenomenon of baby sweating is called hyperhidrosis, which can be divided into physiological hyperhidrosis and pathological hyperhidrosis.
Physiological hyperhidrosis
Most babies sweat is a normal physiological phenomenon, which is called "physiological hyperhidrosis" in medicine. Generally, obvious external reasons or incentives can be found. For example:
Hot climate or high indoor air conditioning temperature causes the baby to sweat;
The baby sweats more after playing games, running and jumping, and strenuous exercise;
The baby wears too many clothes;
The quilt is too thick at night, and the baby is overheated and sweaty;
Eating spicy food, such as peppers, can also cause sweating.
Pathological hyperhidrosis
Pathological hyperhidrosis refers to hyperhidrosis caused by some diseases, with complicated causes.
Obesity in children: Obese babies usually sweat even if they move or walk.
Hypoglycemia: manifested as anxiety, pallor, cold sweat, even sweating, cold limbs. Drug-induced hyperhidrosis: excessive intake of antipyretics leads to a lot of sweating and even collapse.
Acute and chronic infectious diseases: typhoid fever, septicemia, rheumatoid disease, connective tissue disease, lupus erythematosus or hematological diseases are often characterized by excessive sweating, which usually needs to be identified by a doctor.
Cardiopulmonary diseases in children: Children with congenital heart disease, pneumonia and heart failure often sweat a lot.
Rickets in children: Hyperhidrosis is an important feature of active rickets, which is usually accompanied by symptoms such as crying at night, baldness in the pillow, ping-pong head, square skull, enlarged anterior fontanel and delayed closure.
Children's tuberculosis: babies with tuberculosis not only sweat more in the first half of the night, but also sweat more in the second half of the night before dawn, which is called "night sweats". At the same time, it is accompanied by poor appetite, low or high fever in the afternoon, flushing and emaciation, as well as some symptoms such as cough, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy.
Parents don't have to worry too much about baby sweating. First of all, they should actively look for the cause of baby sweating. If it is physiological hyperhidrosis, just remove the external cause that causes baby hyperhidrosis; If it is pathological hyperhidrosis, we should actively treat it.
Experts remind: To make clear the pathological cause of baby hyperhidrosis, you must go to the hospital for relevant examination, describe the baby's symptoms in detail, and ask the doctor to comprehensively analyze the medical history, signs and other factors so as to make correct diagnosis and treatment in time. Don't jump to conclusions without authorization, and don't give drugs to your baby casually.
Home care of hyperhidrosis infants
Always open the window to get some air.
Keep regular ventilation every morning, noon and evening, and try to open the window every time 10~30 minutes.
If it is a hot summer, families with conditions can use electric fans or air conditioners to cool down, but it should be noted that the wind can't blow directly at the baby, especially after the baby falls asleep, the skin pores are open and there is sweat on his body, and it is easy to catch a cold if he blows directly.
Clothes and quilts should not be too thick.
Baby's underwear should be made of cotton fabric with good air permeability and strong water absorption. Clothes and quilts should be as thick as adults, especially in winter. Don't wear too many clothes and cover too much, or your baby will sweat easily. Moreover, exercising the baby's cold tolerance from an early age also helps to enhance the baby's resistance.
bath regularly
Bathe your baby often to keep your skin clean and dry. This is because the baby's skin is very delicate, and excessive sweat accumulates in skin folds such as neck, armpit and groin, which easily leads to skin ulceration and skin infection. If conditions do not allow, you can often bathe your baby to ensure that sweat does not hurt your baby's skin.
Change clothes in time
The clothes were soaked with sweat. If you don't change it in time, the baby will dry it with his own body temperature, which will easily make the baby catch cold and cause discomfort such as cold, fever and cough.
Replenish water
A baby who sweats a lot may be dehydrated because of water loss in the body if he does not replenish water in time. You can feed your baby some light salt water in moderation, because sweating will also cause the body to lose a certain amount of electrolytes such as sodium, chlorine and potassium. Light salt water can effectively supplement these substances, which plays an important role in maintaining electrolyte balance in the body and avoiding dehydration collapse.
Chinese traditional treatment
Sweaty babies can take some traditional Chinese medicine decoction or Chinese patent medicine under the guidance of a doctor to help stop sweating. For example, Radix Pseudostellariae 15g, Radix Astragali Preparata 15g, and 6-8 red dates are taken and decocted. You can also take Chinese patent medicines directly, such as Qizao Granules, Astragalus Granules, Xueting Granules or Yupingfeng Granules.