Keywords Zhuangzi; Heidegger; Existentialism; Master of keeping healthy
Master of Health Preservation is an article about health preservation in Zhuangzi's Inner Chapter. The whole article is divided into three parts, which tells about Zhuangzi's way of keeping in good health and passing by, and embodies Zhuangzi's philosophy of life. With the help of Heidegger's philosophy, this paper makes an existential analysis of Master of Health, aiming at exploring the theoretical dimension of Zhuangzi's philosophy of life and consolidating academic achievements.
The beginning of "The Lord of Health Preservation" is a comparison between life and knowledge. The comparison of "My life is limited, but so is my knowledge" makes the temporality of individual life close to the infinity of knowledge. "With finite, there is no finite", and finally it is dangerous to learn from life. Such a hidden worry has been seen in the article "Happy Travel": Peng Zu will not die, and everyone wants to win it, which will only make people feel sad. Therefore, in Zhuangzi's life field, life time is no longer used as a container for placing cognitive content. Overindulgence of the cognitive will to conquer foreign objects will put life in danger. In this context, Zhuangzi's exposition goes further, revealing a more dangerous situation, that is, the danger that a limited subject will only be swallowed up indefinitely.
The fable of "knowing a cow by skillful hands" plays an important metaphorical role in Master of Health. In this paper, after many years, my experts abandoned the orderly bondage of skills and observation and attached the mind method of cutting cattle to nourishing the soul. Through the intermediary of the mind to stop the senses, I changed from controlling the knife with my eyes to swimming with my mind. Here, I retaliated against Zhuangzi's request. Only my hands are familiar with the skill of cutting cattle, but my mind can make my broken bones and tendons conform to the Tao like nature.
Then why can we achieve a common goal with Tao only by knowing God, not by being skillful? In Zhuangzi, the texture of cattle coincides with the behavior of Tao, and the possibility of the birth and development of life itself should be mentioned by the way. The proper preservation of the ox knife by skilled workers also reflects the initiative of saving lives. As Guo Qing Fan said: "You can raise it with a knife, so you can raise it only if you know how to live."
1930, Heidegger held an academic seminar in Chelner's home after giving a lecture on the Essence of Truth. During the dinner, he suddenly said to Cerna, "Please borrow my fable collection Zhuangzi!" After this dramatic scene, Heidegger began his interpretation of Zhuangzi.
Heidegger's shortcut to Zhuangzi is the classic of "watching the fish in the sea" in Autumn Water in Zhuangzi. The argument between Hui Shi and Zhuangzi about "the son is not a fish, but the joy of knowing the fish" ended with Zhuangzi's summary of "please follow its source". This "origin" is generally interpreted as the source of the topic, but it can also be interpreted as the origin of Tao, that is, the origin of Tao. Zhuangzi's insistence on "ignorance" is to stop his obsession with cognition and reveal the source that cognitive separation blinds students.
Heidegger also regards the existence of human life as In-der-Welt-sein, so the life structure of this existence cannot be treated as an object in the cognitive sense. However, Heidegger, an existentialist, did not regard temporality as an infinite evil, but put the life that was once in the present future above temporality: time is the whole of this existence.
My understanding of cows comes from the deliberate training of skills, rather than a concrete and tangible object of understanding, such as a fresh cow and a sharp knife. For Heidegger, these practical appliances that exist in the life world are first presented as ancestors' objects. Therefore, the nature of beginners is not the original nature of "knowledge is boundless", but the ontological conditions for these beings to get started.
Heidegger's "whole cow" is the earth on which his field theory is based. He tried hard to live on the earth in his dream, which made him try to "build the earth, which means bringing it into the opening of self-retirement." But the invasion of modern science and technology made him fall into deep reflection. Zhuangzi's health care method of knowing cows by gods was ironically put aside by technicalism. Instead, science turned natural still life into an "anatomical" analysis and disassembly. Modern chefs are not only "cows without eyes" when facing the body of cattle, but also dialysis the muscle tissue and bone structure of cattle more and more carefully. Life looks at everything it rules like a tyrant, but can't see the higher rule of technological will over life: "People in the new era show themselves in this will: he appears as a producer of realization in all relations with existence and thus with himself, and establishes this appearance as unconditional rule." Heidegger pessimistically saw Nietzsche's will to power riding on the head of life, obliterating the possibility of self-cultivation of life.
Heidegger put the end result of existentialism on "living poetically on the earth", while Zhuangzi's "thinking of studying classics" became a new possibility of cultivating the mind rather than pretending to seek the outside in Heidegger's existential structure. This paper omits the comparison between Zhuangzi's Kung Fu Theory and Heidegger's methodology, so as to open a new discussion space and focus on analyzing the existential significance of health preserving masters.
The fourth day of May in Renyin year.
References:
[If! supportLists][ 1]？ [endif] Zhuang Zhou. Guo Qingfan's Notes on Zhuangzi [M]. Zhonghua Book Company.2013.3.
[If! Support list ][2]? [endif] [Germany] martin heidegger. Man, poetic dwelling [M] Gao Yuanbao translated 20 17-06
[If! Support list ][3]? [endif] [Germany] martin heidegger. Existence and Time [M] translated by Chen Jiaying. Sanlian bookstore