Liang [1] said: "I [2] was in China, and I devoted myself to China [3]: Hanoi was fierce [4], so I immigrated to Hedong [5] and lost my life in Hanoi; Hedong fierce [6]. Investigating the politics of neighboring countries [7] has no intention at all [8]. There are no more people in neighboring countries, and there are no more people in my country [9]. Why? "

To annotate ...

[1] Liang: that is, (Wei is the national title), whose surname is Wei Minggou, and because Wei is the girder, it is also called Liang. "Hui" is posthumous title.

[2] I: the humble name of ancient princes, that is, people with few virtues.

[3] I have tried my best: (finally) I have tried my best; Ear change is equivalent to saying "Yi", and "Er" and "Ji" are both modal particles at the end of a sentence. When used together, they are equivalent to saying "La".

[4] Hanoi: refers to the north bank of the Yellow River, now Qinyang County, Henan Province. Fierce, famine year.

[5] Hedong: East of the Yellow River, now southwest of Shanxi.

[6] The same is true.

[7] check: observe. Politics refers to the policy of caring for the people.

[8] Intention: dedication.

[9] Supplement: More.

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Liang Huiwang said: "I really worked hard to manage Liang. When there was a famine in Hanoi, I moved the people there to Hedong, and at the same time transported the food from Hedong to Hanoi. There is a famine in Hedong, so do it. I have visited the politics of neighboring countries, and no one can be as dedicated as me. But the number of people in neighboring countries has not decreased, and my number has not increased. What is the reason? "

Comment and analysis

The core of Mencius' thought is benevolent governance, and the core of benevolent governance is loving the people and being close to the people. This reflects Liang's sympathy for the people. Even so, why isn't his country richer than its neighbors?

Mencius said to him, "Wang is belligerent. Please [1] use the metaphor of war. Fill drums [2], weapons company, abandon armor and drag [3] soldiers away, or stop at a hundred steps, or stop at fifty steps. Since [4] pot calling the kettle black, what about [5]? " He said, "No, if you don't walk in a straight line, you can walk."

To annotate ...

Please allow me. Metaphor, metaphor.

[2] Fill in: onomatopoeic words to describe drums. However, suffixes. In short, the modal particles at the end of the sentence have no practical significance.

[3] drag (yè): drag.

[4] Here.

[5] He Ru: Well, it means "is it possible".

[5] Straight is not a hundred steps: it is less than a hundred steps; Just straight, but ...

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Mencius replied: "Your Majesty likes war, so please let me use war as an analogy. Drums were drumming, and at the touch of the gun tip, some soldiers threw down their armor and dragged their weapons back. Some people stop running a hundred paces, while others stop running fifty paces. Can those soldiers who run 50 paces laugh at those who run 100 paces? " Hui Wangdao: "No, it's just that they didn't run a hundred paces, which is also an escape."

Comment and analysis

Mencius said that your country is not rich and strong because you are almost as belligerent as your neighbors. This is also the characteristic of the Warring States period.

Yue said, "If Wang knew this, his people's expectations would not be as good as those of neighboring countries. If you don't go against the farming season [2], the five grains can't win [3]. If you don't count, neither fish nor turtle can be eaten. Axe gold into the mountain in time [5], wood can't be used. Valley and fish turtles can't be eaten, and wood and wood can't be used, which makes people lose their lives without regret [6]. Live and die without regret, the beginning of kingly way [7]. "

To annotate ...

[1] None: Pass "don't", don't.

[2] Do not violate the farming season: do not delay the season of agricultural production, that is, no one is allowed to serve in spring, summer and autumn; The season that violates and hinders farming season refers to the season of plowing and harvesting.

[3] victory: exhaustion.

[4] number (ù): dense. G incarnation, net. Wū pond, that is, pond; Zhen, turbid water does not flow. It is said that fishing with dense nets was forbidden in ancient times, and fish less than a foot were not allowed to eat. This is a brilliant move of the ancients to maintain ecological balance.

[5] Kim: an axe for cutting trees. In time, according to a certain time, it refers to the time when vegetation falls, and the growing season has passed.

[6] Health: Feed people. A funeral (sāng) is a funeral for the dead. Regret, regret.

[7] Wang Dao: Mencius' ideal politics, that is, the policy of governing the country with so-called benevolence and righteousness. Mencius believed that "keeping in good health and mourning for death" was only the beginning of kingly way.

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Mencius said: "If your majesty understands this truth, then don't expect people who are more than neighbors. If the military corvee does not interfere with the season of agricultural production, the grain will be inexhaustible; Fine nets don't go to deep ponds for fishing, and fish and turtles eat more; If you chop down trees in the mountains with an axe according to the season, there will be endless wood. Food, fish and turtles can't be eaten up, and wood can't be used up. The people are born without regrets, and they are raised and buried. People have no regrets about life, death and burial, which is the beginning of kingly way. "

Comment and analysis

Mencius believes that kingly politics is to make people respect and live in harmony with nature. You can't ask nature for material wealth indefinitely. Today's people can learn from this.

"Five acres of house, the tree is mulberry, fifty people can wear clothes [1]. Chickens, dolphins and dogs [2] have no time to waste, and seventy people can eat meat. A hundred acres of land, if you don't seize the opportunity, a family of several can be hungry. I would like to teach you [3], apply it in the sense of filial piety [4], and those who teach it should not be placed on the Tao [5]. Seventy people eat meat, and CoCo Lee [6] is not hungry or cold, but he is not a king and has nothing. "

"Dogs eat people's food without knowing it, and they don't know it when they are hungry [7]. When people die, they say,' It's not me, it's eight.' " What's the difference between stabbing someone and killing someone [9], saying,' It wasn't me, it was a soldier'? Wang is innocent, and everyone is in the world [10]. "

To annotate ...

[1] five mu: it is two points more than one mu. House: a house, a house where people live. At that time, the ideal of Confucianism was that monogamy was divided into five acres and one hundred acres. "One" is used as a verb. Silk and silk fabrics. It is said that when the average person in ancient times reached the age of 50, if he raised silkworms, he could wear silk, otherwise he could only wear hemp.

[2] Dolphin (tún): Piglet. Zhi, a pig. Livestock (xú), raising, refers to raising.

[3] Sincerity: Caution, here refers to caution. Xiang: They are all schools. Yin said Xu, Zhou said Yu. Teaching: enlightenment.

[4] Shen Zhi's filial piety: repeatedly practicing "the teaching of filial piety" with filial piety; Shen: Repetition is repetition. Filial piety, obedience and support for parents. Tì, love your brother. Justice and truth.

[5] Whitening: the hair is half white; Grant, through the "site". Negative: recite things. Dai: It means to put something on your head.

[6] CoCo Lee: a general term for ordinary people in ancient times; Li, Zhong.

[7] cannibalism: what people eat. Inspection: collection, accumulation and storage. Tu: preach "Tao" F: It refers to opening warehouses to help the people. Hunger (Pi): People who starve to death.

[8] years old: years old.

[9] yes: pronoun, referring to the above situation. Ho: interrogative adverbs are equivalent to saying "what's there?" Different: different. Killing is killing.

[10] year of guilt: blame it on years old. S: Then.

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"Give people five acres of homestead, mulberry, people over the age of 50 can wear silk. Domestic animals, such as chickens, dogs and pigs, can be kept by the people at the right time, so people over 70 can eat meat. Each family has 100 mu of arable land, and the government does not interfere in their production season. Then, a few people in a family can stop being hungry. Do a good job in the school and often teach the people the truth of filial piety to their brothers, so the white-haired old man will not walk on the road by himself or with heavy objects. People over 70 years old have silk to wear and meat to eat, while ordinary people can't be hungry or frozen. This is something that has never happened before. "

"Now, Liang, pigs, dogs and other rich children have eaten the food of the people, but they are not temperate; There are people starving to death on the road, but they don't open the granary to help. When the people died, they even said,' It's not my fault, it's because I was poor for several years.' What's the difference between this statement and killing someone with a knife and saying,' I didn't kill him but used a weapon'? If the king doesn't blame by 2008, then all the people in the world will go to Liang Guolai. "

Comment and analysis

Mencius believed that in order to realize kingly politics, rulers should have the idea of loving the people, sympathize with their actual situation and not interfere in their normal life. We should also educate them with the concept of filial piety, so that the elderly can live a happy life in an orderly way and have enough social wealth. However, the ruler of Liang lived a luxurious life only for himself, regardless of the people's life. In this way, people's hearts do not belong to Liang.