Growing background
The 1930s and 1940s were Gong Yifei's childhood and adolescence, and the family life of most people in old China was difficult. Although he grew up in Gong Jiayuan (the central part of the West Lake Hotel), which is a well-known big family, Gong Jiayuan's wealth has little to do with their family, because he is not a direct descendant. Fortunately, there are countless flowers, birds, insects and fish in the mansion like the Grand View Garden. These creatures in nature became free teachers of the creatures that Gong Yifei was obsessed with and loved in his childhood.
Father Gong Lixian is a biology teacher, and there are many animal and plant specimens at home. His father's example also promoted his interest in biology. However, the real reason for him to embark on the "sweet road" of beekeeping and bee research is the misfortune of his family. My father died in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression at the age of 42. The mother who works as a librarian in the library has to raise five children, big and small, by herself. 1944, Gong Yifei, the eldest brother, was admitted to the university, which is a gratifying and embarrassing thing for this family whose daily life is stretched. Dropped out of the Horticulture Department of the Agricultural College of Union University, and worked as a primary school teacher for one year to supplement the family.
Xieda Campus is located in Qi Kui Village on the bank of Minjiang River at the foot of Gushan Mountain, with beautiful mountains and lush trees, which is suitable for beekeeping. In the 1940s, Gong Yifei studied beekeeping under the guidance of Professor Lin Qing. Since he has knowledge, he can apply what he has learned, and the investment in beekeeping is small and the income is fast. It is a desirable method for him to study beekeeping. So he borrowed money from relatives and friends and immediately put his ideas into practice. 10 boxes of bees are kept in orchards far away from school. Every weekend, he crosses the river by boat from Queqi and runs for more than ten miles to take care of bees. With knowledge and hard work, he finally mastered the technology of controlling bees, and bees also brought him rewards. 10 box bees collect more than 500 kilograms of honey a season. According to the on-time price, 1kg honey can be exchanged for 6kg rice, and 500kg honey is 3000kg rice. This solves the problems of tuition and family feeding. In this way, Gong Yifei and bees formed an indissoluble bond.
Education business
/kloc-in the summer of 0/949, he graduated from this school, stayed there to work and taught beekeeping. 1958 was ordered to build a beekeeping farm in Fujian Agricultural College as the director. At the same time, he donated a small private beekeeping farm to the farm. 1959 was hired as a special researcher at the Institute of Beekeeping, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences. 65438-0960 was invited to be the teacher of the first national beekeeping teacher training class held by the Ministry of Agriculture in Beijing to teach bee biology. In the same year, Fujian Agricultural College set up a two-year beekeeping major and became the director of the teaching and research group of beekeeping. He often works with teachers and students to expand nectar plants, establish campus bee farms, and lead teachers and students to teach in mountainous areas. 196 1 was hired as a distinguished researcher by Fuzhou Institute of Science. 1965 held a national training course for Chinese bee teachers, which cultivated the backbone for the popularization of Chinese bee scientific breeding.
1967, the beekeeping major stopped enrolling students because of the Cultural Revolution. He organized a teaching bee farm 100 groups of Italian bees to collect cotton honey in Turpan basin, Xinjiang, creating a high-yield record of each group 190 kg of honey. From 1969 to 1972, local farmers planted fruit trees in Fuluoshan District, Pucheng County, Fujian Province to trap wild Chinese bees. The Chinese bees raised in old barrels were changed to live-frame scientific breeding, and a collective localized bee farm was built, which accumulated experience for exploring the honey source potential and the life law of wild bees in the border mountainous areas of Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. 65438-0978 The beekeeping major of Fujian Agricultural College resumed enrollment, and he served as the professional director. From 65438 to 0980, the beekeeping major was expanded to a four-year undergraduate program. Enrollment and distribution for the whole country. 198 1 year, Fujian agricultural college established the only beekeeping department in China, and he is the dean. From 65438 to 0984, the department began to train graduate students. The department has now expanded to the College of Bee Science of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, with three majors: bee science, bee product processing and trade, and bee therapy, and has become the only base in China to cultivate diversified bee science talents in colleges and universities. Since 1960, more than a thousand college, undergraduate and master graduates have been sent to various departments of bee industry in China, and hundreds of professional and technical personnel have been trained. Some of them have become famous professors, doctoral supervisors, scientists, inventors, entrepreneurs and leaders of teaching and research institutions at home and abroad ... It is really "the waves behind the Yangtze River push the waves before, and the waves are higher than the waves". After decades of vicissitudes, Mr. Gong devoted his life to the cause of bee education, and now he has achieved fruitful results!
scientific research
In the 1940s, Gong Yifei studied entomology and insect taxonomy with Professor Zhao Xiufu when he was studying in the Agricultural College of Union University. He is deeply interested in Darwin's theory and determined to explore the mystery of the bee world, hoping to make good use of bees. After graduation, I have been engaged in beekeeping teaching, scientific research and production, and accumulated rich experience and first-hand information. After the founding of New China, he studied the theory of practice, the theory of contradiction and dialectical materialism, broadened his horizons, and firmly believed that all insights came from practice. His exquisite attainments in apiculture are the result of his long-term practice.
Since 1952, Gong Yifei has done a lot of work in the research and teaching of beekeeping, including many research topics, such as bee pollination for crops, high-yield honey technology, bee disease control technology, bee biology, bee breeding new technology and so on. He has published more than 30 academic papers in national and local journals. 1982, under his auspices, he successfully studied the artificial insemination technology of Chinese bees for the first time and won the third prize of provincial scientific and technological achievements. From 65438 to 0975, the book How to Keep Bees, compiled by him, combined theory with rich practical experience, was printed six times and distributed 670,000 copies, which played an important role in popularizing beekeeping technology. Entrusted by the Education Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, he edited the first textbook of agricultural colleges in China, Apiculture, and won the National Excellent Science and Technology Book Award 1977 ~ 198 1. Entrusted by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Education, he edited the national vocational and technical education textbook Beekeeping, which was printed five times before and after. He also participated in the compilation and translation of other works, such as the manual of beekeeping, the manual of sideline production and the agricultural encyclopedia? Beekeeping Volume, Bee Mechanical Science and the world-famous beekeeping book Beehive and Bees, etc.
He has many influential views in academic circles. As early as 1950s, according to the unique adaptability of bees in China, he predicted that bees in China had an irreplaceable position in the vast mountain forest areas in the south and southwest of China. Half a century later, this prediction was confirmed by beekeeping practice. His article about bees in China published in 1970s has been selected by many professional magazines or papers for many years. In the aspect of bee pollination, he vividly proposed for the first time that the evolution of plant from wind-borne to insect-borne is just like the evolution of animal from in vitro fertilization to in vivo fertilization, which is a breakthrough in seed transmission. This insight of his enriches the theoretical basis of bee pollination and yield increase.
Natural bee sorting is the most prominent group activity of bees, which is very important for cultivating strong bees and stabilizing the enthusiasm of worker bees for collecting honey. Gong Yifei used the viewpoint of unity of opposites to explain the internal and external causes of natural bee separation for the first time in China, reaching a new level. This is of great significance to guide production practice. According to his practice of obtaining stable and high yield of beekeeping in Turpan Basin in hot summer, he denied the traditional view that the difficulty of beekeeping in southern China is caused by high temperature, and pointed out that the ability of bee colony to adjust temperature is amazing, and the difficulty of beekeeping in southern China is caused by the rampant enemies of bees and the exhaustion of honey powder sources in some areas, which can be completely overcome artificially. It is fatal to divide bees in the process of honey flow. As early as 1950s, he tried an effective method to solve this problem successfully according to the development law of Wangtai-the second selection method of destroying Wangtai. In recent ten years, he has directed assistants and graduate students to devote themselves to the research of bee mating biology, bee artificial insemination, bee semen preservation and bee semen rinsing extraction, and made new contributions to the basic technology of bee breeding.
Especially in the summer of 1984, he and Comrade Zhang visited Xishuangbanna for the first time and witnessed the rich and colorful bee species resources in the primitive tropical rain forest in southwest China, so he came up with the idea of writing the book Classification and Evolution of Bees. In the early 1990s, with the support of Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Commission, they trekked north and south Shan Ye for five consecutive summers, and visited Changbai Mountain, Wanda Mountain, Daxinganling, Xishuangbanna primeval forest, Tianshan Mountain, Altai Mountain, Yili Grassland, Turpan Basin, Qilian Mountain, Hexi Corridor, Liupanshan Mountain, Hetao, Mu Us Desert, Inner Mongolia Grassland, Wuzhishan, Hundred Thousand Mountains and Hengshan Mountain. What is even more gratifying is that major breakthroughs have been made in related disciplines, and experts' achievements have been repeated one after another, gradually turning their ambitions into reality.
The book Bee Classification and Evolution is divided into four chapters: bee classification, species, evolution and origin. Generally speaking, this paper expounds the origin, kinship and geographical distribution of the genus Apis, introduces the morphological characteristics, biological characteristics and disease resistance and enemy resistance of various bees, and evaluates their economic value from the perspective of raising in different regions. This book can provide valuable reference for bee world explorers, beekeepers, bee seed selection workers and bee quarantine personnel.